This document provides a summary of key concepts and example problems related to buoyancy and hydraulics. Some key points include:
- Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
- Buoyant force depends on the unit weight of the fluid and the volume of fluid displaced.
- Examples calculate buoyant forces, drafts, weights, volumes and densities of objects floating or submerged in various fluids like water, oil, and mercury.
- Specific gravities are used to determine how much of an object's volume would be above or below the surface when floating in different liquids.
This document provides a summary of key concepts and example problems related to buoyancy and hydraulics. Some key points include:
- Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
- Buoyant force depends on the unit weight of the fluid and the volume of fluid displaced.
- Examples calculate buoyant forces, drafts, weights, volumes and densities of objects floating or submerged in various fluids like water, oil, and mercury.
- Specific gravities are used to determine how much of an object's volume would be above or below the surface when floating in different liquids.
This document provides a summary of key concepts and example problems related to buoyancy and hydraulics. Some key points include:
- Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
- Buoyant force depends on the unit weight of the fluid and the volume of fluid displaced.
- Examples calculate buoyant forces, drafts, weights, volumes and densities of objects floating or submerged in various fluids like water, oil, and mercury.
- Specific gravities are used to determine how much of an object's volume would be above or below the surface when floating in different liquids.
This document provides a summary of key concepts and example problems related to buoyancy and hydraulics. Some key points include:
- Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
- Buoyant force depends on the unit weight of the fluid and the volume of fluid displaced.
- Examples calculate buoyant forces, drafts, weights, volumes and densities of objects floating or submerged in various fluids like water, oil, and mercury.
- Specific gravities are used to determine how much of an object's volume would be above or below the surface when floating in different liquids.
Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2022 - Hydraulics 3
BUOYANCY 8. Determine the magnitude and direction of the force
necessary to hold a concrete cube, 0.300 m on each side, Archimedes’ Principle: in equilibrium and completely submerged (a) in mercury “A body immersed in a fluid is acted by a buoyant force and (b) in water. Use sg. of concrete = 2.4. Ans. 2.97 kN which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced”. (downward); 0.37 kN (upward)
BF = f Vd 9. A can floats in the position shown. What is its weight in
N? Ans. 5 N BF = buoyant force (kN) γf = unit weight of fluid displaced (kN/m3) Vd = volume of fluid displaced (m3); volume of body displacing; volume of body immersed
1. An iceberg (sg = 0.917) floats in ocean water with 3000 m 3
of the iceberg protruding above the free surface. What is the volume of the iceberg below the free surface?
2. A piece of wood floats in water with 15 cm projecting
above the water surface. When placed in oil, the block projects 10 cm above the liquid surface. a. Calculate the height of the wood. b. Calculate the specific gravity of the wood. 10. An iceberg in the ocean floats with one-seventh of its c. If the wood is vertically submerged in seawater (s.g. volume above the surface. What is its specific gravity = 1.03) by how many millimeters would it project relative to ocean water? What portion of its volume out the surface? would be above the surface if ice were floating in pure water? Ans. 0.857; 11.7% 3. A stone cube 280 mm on a side and weighing 425 N is lowered into a tank containing a layer of water over a 11. A freshly cut log floats with one fourth of its volume layer of mercury. Determine the draft in mercury. protruding above the water surface. Determine the specific weight of the log. Ans. 7.36 kN/m3
4. A solid object of specific gravity 3.47 floats in mercury. 12. To what depth will a 2.4-m diameter log 5 m long and a. What fraction of its volume is above the liquid specific gravity of 0.425 sink in freshwater. Ans. 1.06 surface? b. What is its weight if 0.018 m3 is below the liquid 13. A plastic sphere is immersed in seawater and moored at surface? the bottom. The sphere radius is 38 cm. The mooring line c. What vertical force will fully submerge the object? has a tension of 710 N. What is the specific weight of the sphere, in kN/m3. Ans. 7.015 5. A stone weighs 468 N in air. When submerged in water, it weighs 298 N. Determine the volume of the stone. 14. A 1-m-diameter cylindrical mass, M, is connected to a 2- 6. A rectangular tank of internal width of 5 m, as shown in m wide rectangular gate as shown. The gate is to open the figure, contains oil of sp. gr. = 0.8 and water. when the water level, h, drops below 2.5 m. Determine a. What is the value of h? the required value for M. Neglect friction at the gate hinge b. If a 1000 N block is made to float in oil, what is the and the pulley. Ans. 2480 kg new value of h? c. If a 1000 N block is made to float in oil, what is the rise (cm) in water surface in chamber B?
15. Two spheres, each 1.20 m in diameter, weigh 4 kN and 12
kN respectively. They are connected with a short rope and placed in water. a. What is the tension in the rope? 7. A piece of irregularly shaped metal weighs 300.0 N in air. Ans. 3.12 kN When the metal is completely submerged in water, it b. What is the buoyant force on the lighter sphere? Ans. 7.12 kN weighs 232.5 N. Find the volume of the metal. Ans. 0.00688 m3 c. What portion (in meter) protrudes from the water? Ans. 0.34 m
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