COURSE TITLE: AUXILIARY SYSTEMS

COURSE CODE: PEOP 1009

LAB TITLE: Centrifugal pump

INSTUCTOR NAME: Karan Ramnarine

GROUP MEMBERS \ STUDENT ID: Shawn Sankarsingh (95130)

Micheal Latchman (96104)
Jevon Phillips (95823)
Saied Soondar (94838)
Ronaldo Ramnarine (96487)

LAB DATE: November 9th, 2021

OBJECTIVE
To plot the characteristic / performance curves of H47 Centrifugal Pump Test set.

APPARATUS
 H47 Centrifugal Pump Test set
 Water
 Piping System
 Valves
 Storage Tank/Container

N.B. The H47 Centrifugal Pump Test set has the ability to work at varying speeds. The
pump will be run at a particular speed, initially with the valve fully opened, at which the
under mentioned readings will be taken:
1. Speed value
2. Torque
3. Suction Pressure
4. Discharge Pressure
5. Venturi Differential Pressure
This will be repeated for a change in valve position. The valve will be throttled three (3)
times from the fully opened position.Therefore, for each speed of the pump, four readings
will be taken.
The speed of the pump will then be changed and the above process repeated.The dimensions
for the venturi will be recorded.The measured data will be utilized to determine the
performance of the pump.
PROCEDURE

1. Switch on power on pump panel.

2. Ensure that reservoir is filled with clean water to the fill level marker.
3. Ensure that discharge valve is closed and suction valve is opened on pump.
4. Press start button on panel to start pump.
5. Increase pump speed to approximately 3000 rpm by slowly turning the speed dial and fully
open the discharge valve; then connect the bleed line to the various ports to bleed out the air
bubbles from the system.
6. With discharge valve at fully opened position, set pump to desired speed and record the
values of pump speed, torque, suction pressure, discharge pressure and venturi differential
pressure.
7. Throttle the valve position to 75% open, 50% open and 25% open and take readings as per
step six (6).
8. Repeat steps six (6) and seven (7) as many times as necessary.
9. After all the required readings are obtained, close off the discharge valve on pump slowly,
reduce pump speed to zero (0) rpm, press the off button on panel and then switch off power
on panel.
RESULTS: Table 1.0 Showing Group’s Sample Data Recorded.

Valve Pump Speed Torque (Nm) Suction Discharge Venturi

Opening (rpm) Pressure (P1) Pressure (P2) Differential
(kPa) (kPa) Pressure (ΔP)
(kPa)

100% 2700 1.13 -70 -7 45

75% 2700 0.9 -47 63 16
50% 2700 0.74 -38 88 6
25% 2700 0.64 -35 97 2
 Table 1.1 Showing Group’s Converted Measured Data and Calculated Data

CONVERTED MEASURED DATA CALCULATED DATA

Valve Pump Torque Suction Discharge Venturi Power Flow Rate (P2-P1) Pressure Output Input Eff. (ɳ
Opening Speed (Nm) Pressure Pressure Differential (W) (Q) (m3/s) (kPa) Head (H) Power Power pump)
(rpm) (P1) (kPa) (P2) (kPa) Pressure (ΔP) (m) (Pout) (Pin) (%)
(kPa) (W) (W)
100% 2700 1.13 -70 -7 45 322 0.001962 63 6.42 123.48 319.5 38.65
75% 2700 0.9 -47 63 16 255 0.00117 110 11.2 128.7 254.47 50.58
50% 2700 0.74 -38 88 6 211 0.000716 126 12.84 90.22 209.23 29.05
25% 2700 0.64 -35 97 2 183 0.000414 132 13.46 54.65 180.96 14.66
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
At 2700 rpm and at 100% valve opening:

Flow Rate
Flow Rate = Q = CdA1√2Δ𝑃𝜌(𝐴1^2𝐴2^2−1)
Q = 0.97 x A1√2∗100000∗0.151000(𝐴1^2𝐴2^2−1) {1 bar = 100 000 Pa}
Q = 0.00151 m3/s

Pressure Head
P1 = -0.70 bars = -70kPa (1 bar = 100kPa)
P2 = -0.07 bars = -7 kPa
Hence (P2-P1) = (-7-(-70))
P2-P1 = 63kPa

Pressure Head = (P2−𝑃1)/g

= 63/9.81
Hp = 6.42 m

Input Power
Pin = T x ω
= T x 2π x 𝑟𝑝𝑚60
= 1.13 x 2π x 260060
Pin = 319.5 Watts

Output Power
Pout = (P2-P1) Q
= 63 000 x 0.001962
Pout = 123.6 W
Efficiency %
η pump = (O𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟/𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟) x 100
= (123.6/319.5) x 100
η pump = 38.7%

FIGURE 1:

GRAP H SHOWING P RESSURE HEAD AGAINST FLOWRATE

16

14

12
PRESSURE HEAD (H)/M

10

0
0 0 . 0 00 5 0.001 0. 0015 0. 002 0. 0025
FLOWRATE (M^3/S)

FIGURE 2:

GRAPH SHOWING EFFICIENCY AGAINST FLOWRATE

60

50

40
EFFICIENCY

30

20

10

0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025

FLOWRATE (M^3/S)
FIGURE 3

GRAPH SHOWING POWER AGAINST FLOWRATE

350

300

250

200
POWER

150

100

50

0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025

FLOWRATE

FIGURE 4
DISCUSSION:
A pump is a device used to raise or transfer fluid. A centrifugal pump is a kinetic machine
converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy through centrifugal activity. It is a
variable flow pump and there is a strong dependency between capacity and the pressure that
must be developed by the pump. The actual flow rate achieved is directly dependent on the
Total Dynamic Head it must work against. This makes their performance ratings somewhat
more complex. The flow capacity of a centrifugal pump also depends on Pump Design,
Impeller Diameter and Pump Speed.

When water is pumped through a pipe system, it is possible to compute a characteristic curve
that gives head as a function of flow. The ordinate (vertical) of the curve (H) shows the total
energy that must be supplied in order to overcome the static head as well as the energy losses
that occur (the magnitude of which depends on the discharge Q). At fully turbulent flow the
energy loss (friction loss + all local losses) is essentially proportional to Q2.

In a typical pumping system, a series of piping bends, valves and transitions tec., of the pump
can be responsible for creating enough of a cumulative pressure drop affecting system and
pump efficiency. To simulate numerous pipe bends, valves transitions etc., the discharge
valve of the H47 Centrifugal Pump Test Set will be periodically closed from a fully opened
position, causing a constriction in the line.

The effects of such action were utilized to derive the performance data for the H47 test set.
From this data, graphs were plotted. In plotting the performance data, the curves plotted were
total pressure head vs. capacity [FIGURE 1], efficiency vs. capacity [FIGURE 2] and power
input vs. capacity [FIGURE 3.] The efficiency and power are important to the successful
operation of a pump. Normal operation of the pump should be in the vicinity of the peak of
the efficiency curve, with efficiencies of 60-80 percent being the typical for centrifugal
pumps.

According to Figure 1, as the pressure head decreased within the system, flowrate increased.
This is because an increasing flowrate introduces friction into the system as the liquid travels
along the pipes, from the suction tank to the pump, and from the pump into the discharge
pipe. Therefore, the total head that the pump can produce is reduced. This trend was seen at
four different points, as the valve was opened at differing increments.

Figure 2 shows the graph of Efficiency against Flowrate. The trend that can be noted here is
that as the flowrate gradually increases, so does the efficiency. However, when the pump
reaches the efficiency of 50.58, the efficiency then decreases while the flowrate continues to
increase. This is due to the pump reaching its peak efficiency.
Figure 3 shows the graph of Power against Flowrate. This characteristic showed that as the
pump power gradually increased, so did the flowrate and thus displayed a positive
correlation.

Figure 4 shows the Pump Performance Curves for the H47 Centrifugal Pump Test set at 2700
rpm.

CONCLUSION: The characteristic curve of H47 Centrifugal Pump Test set was plotted.

REFERENCES:
 PEOP1009 – FLUID FRICTION LAB – 5% Lab Script (DEPARTMENT OF
PROCESS ENGINEERING of the UNIVERSITY OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO)
ORIGINAL LAB SCRIPT WITH ORIGINAL RESULTS