SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
EML 222 / 2 – ENGINEERING LABORATORY
( Please use this page as a front page of your report)
EXPERIMENT HYDRAULIC CONTROL CIRCUIT (LAB 6)
LOCATION AUTOMATION AND CONTROL LAB (SM 1.38)
NAME / ID
GROUP NO.
DATE
DEMONSTRATOR
GROUP MEMBERS
NAME ID
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Title : Hydraulic Control Circuit
Objective : 1. To understand the characteristic and how the hydraulic circuit
works. To understand how the hydraulic components e.g pressure relief
valves, double-acting cylinder, shut-off valve etc. (Part 1)
2. To study the effect of fluid flow to the motion speed and other
parameters of a double-acting cylinder. (Part 2)
1. Part I
1.1. Introduction
Hydraulic system runs on uncompressible fluid (hydraulic fluid) within a closed
circuit. A vital component in the hydraulic system is called a pressure relief valve.
The function of the pressure relief valve is to regulate the fluid pressure so that the
system operates at a specific pressure. This is important to avoid unnecessary
damage to the components and piping that may cause fatal injuries if it fails.
1.2. Apparatus
1. Pressure Relief Valve, DD1
2. Fine Throtle Valve , DF1
3. Pressure Gauge, DZ1
4. Power Supply Unit
5. Stop Watch
1.3. Experiment Layout
Based on Figure 1 and Figure 2, a pressure relief valve, DD1 is connected in
parallel with a Fine Throttle Valve, DF1. Whereas pressure gauge DZ1 is
connected in between DD1 and DF1. The circuit connection must adhere the
following safety precedures.
(1) Make sure the system is turned off and no pressure in the circuit during
setup.
(2) Check all the hose connections are properly coupled and secured.
(3) Make sure no body turn on the pump during setup.
(4) Make sure all the hoses are not bended (sharp angle).
(5) Examine if there is a sign of leakages or unusual sounds during experiment.
1.4. Procedures
(1) Shut the fine throttle valve DF1 by setting the indicator/needle to zero on the
scale ring.
(2) Turn ON the pump.
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(3) Screw out the Pressure relief valve, DD1 as much as you can and record the
pressure value on the pressure gauge DZ1 into Table 1.
(4) Adjust the control panel, one complete turn at a time and record the DZ1
reading in Table 1 for every number of turns accordingly.
(5) For flowrate (Q) vs pressure (P) curve, pressure relief valve will be
measured at maximum pressure of 40 bars. Make sure the fluid temperature
is at lease 25 °C.
(6) The experiment in (5) must be carried out quickly to avoid fluid overheating
as the relationship between Q and P depends on fluid viscosity. The fluid
temperature must not exceed 60°C during operation.
(7) Shut the Fine Throttle Valve, DF1 by setting it to zero.
(8) Set the system pressure to 40 bars on DZ1 by adjusting the Pressure Relief
Valve, DD1.
(9) Using a stopwatch, time the increases of fluid level from 1L to 2L marks.
Then, slowly open DF1 by turning the knob one step each time as follows (0,
0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3). Record the pressure reading on DZ1 and time taken
accordingly in Table 2.
(10) Swith OFF the pump.
(11) Finally, sketch the relationship between Q and P in a graph paper.
1.5. Result (Part 1)
Table 1: The relationship between the number of DD1 turns and the system
pressure.
Number of DD1 turns 0 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
Pressure, (Bar)
Table 2: The relationship between the number of DF1 turns and the system
pressure, time taken and the flow rate.
DF1 # turns 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Pressure, (Bar)
Time, t (s)
Flow rate, Q
Flowrate, Q = Fluid volume x 1 liter x 60/mins
Time (s)
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1.6. Conclusion (Part 1)
Conclude your finding and observation in part 1 and include the following points.
(i) What type of fluid used in the hydraulic system?
(ii) What is the characteristic of the fluid? Why?
(ii) What is the function of the Pressure relief valve and why it is important?
(iv) Explain the curve in graph 1.
(v) Why the systems must operate at a specific range of temperatures?
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2. Part 2
2.1. Introduction
A typical component used in hydraulic applications is known as double-acting
cylinder. This is a device that is able to extend or retract depending on the
direction of fluid flow. Therefore, it is widely used to activate any mechanisms in
both directions e.g, lifting mechanisms, stamping machine etc.
2.2. Apparatus
1. Pressure Relief Valve, DD I
2. Shut-off Valve, DZ2
3. Pressure Gauge, DZ1
4. 4/2-way Valve, DW3
5. Power Supply Unit
6. Stop Watch
2.3. Experiment Layout
The experiment will be carried out in accordance to the circuit shown in Figure 3
and Figure 4 (available in the lab). In this diagram, a shut-off valve, DZ2 is used
to control the motion speed of the cylinder’s shaft. Then, a 4/2-way valve DW3 is
used to control the fluid flow. The system pressure can be adjusted using pressure
relief valve, DD1 and measured by pressure gauge, DZ1. During the experiment,
please adhere the same procedure in part 1.3.
2.4. Procedures
(1) Turn ON the pump.
(2) Adjust the operating pressure using pressure relief valve DD1 to 40 bars on
the DD1.
(3) Set the shut-off valve, DZ2 so that the motion of the shaft is about 4-6
seconds between fully in and fully out (complete strokes).
(4) Time the extension time and pressure during the extention and record in
Table 3. Obtain 2 more readings with different DZ2 setting (any setting of
DZ2 as long as the time is different with the first one).
(5) Observe the pressure when the cylinder is fully extended and record in
Table 3.
(6) Repeat the procedures in (4) and (5) above for retracting motion.
(7) Turn OFF the pump.
(8) Determine the velocity of the shaft during extention and retraction using:
s
v=
t
where s is the cylinder’s stroke and t is time taken to complete the stroke.
(9) Determine the time-travel ratio and the velocity and the inward and outward
motions.
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2.5 Result (Part 2)
Table 3
Cylinder’s shaft 4/2-way valve Pressure Time Velocity Velocity
motion v in v out
(Bar) seconds (m/S) (m/S)
Direction Valvesetting
(i) _______ (i) _______ (i) _______
1) During P→ B a (ii) _______ (ii) _______ N/A (ii) _______
extention
(iii) ______ (iii) ______ (iii) ______
2) Fully a (i) ______
extended
P→ B (ii) ______ N/A N/A N/A
(iii) _____
3) During b (i) _______ (i) _______ (i) _____
retraction
P→ A (ii) _______ (ii) _______ (ii) _____ N/A
(iii) ______ (iii) ______ (iii) ____
4) Fully b (i) _______
retracted
P→ A (ii)_______ N/A N/A N/A
(iii) ______
Rtt (Time travel Ratio) = t out / t in = (i) _____________
(ii) _____________
(iii) _____________
Vr (velocity ration) = Vout / t in = (i) ______________
(ii) ______________
(iii) ______________
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2.6 Conclusion
Your overall conclusion should explain the function of every component used in the
experiments. make your own observation and conclusion based on the experiment
result in Part 1 and Part 2.
