This document provides solutions to exercises from Class 7 Science Chapter 13 on motion and time. It defines and gives examples of different types of motion such as linear, circular, and oscillatory motion. It also discusses speed, calculating speed from distance and time, interpreting distance-time graphs, and relations between distance, time and speed. For example, it shows that the speed of a car can be determined from photographs taken 10 seconds apart if the scale is known. It concludes by identifying a distance-time graph that represents a truck moving with non-constant speed based on the graph not being a straight line.
This document provides solutions to exercises from Class 7 Science Chapter 13 on motion and time. It defines and gives examples of different types of motion such as linear, circular, and oscillatory motion. It also discusses speed, calculating speed from distance and time, interpreting distance-time graphs, and relations between distance, time and speed. For example, it shows that the speed of a car can be determined from photographs taken 10 seconds apart if the scale is known. It concludes by identifying a distance-time graph that represents a truck moving with non-constant speed based on the graph not being a straight line.
This document provides solutions to exercises from Class 7 Science Chapter 13 on motion and time. It defines and gives examples of different types of motion such as linear, circular, and oscillatory motion. It also discusses speed, calculating speed from distance and time, interpreting distance-time graphs, and relations between distance, time and speed. For example, it shows that the speed of a car can be determined from photographs taken 10 seconds apart if the scale is known. It concludes by identifying a distance-time graph that represents a truck moving with non-constant speed based on the graph not being a straight line.
This document provides solutions to exercises from Class 7 Science Chapter 13 on motion and time. It defines and gives examples of different types of motion such as linear, circular, and oscillatory motion. It also discusses speed, calculating speed from distance and time, interpreting distance-time graphs, and relations between distance, time and speed. For example, it shows that the speed of a car can be determined from photographs taken 10 seconds apart if the scale is known. It concludes by identifying a distance-time graph that represents a truck moving with non-constant speed based on the graph not being a straight line.
1) Classify the following as motion along a straight line, circular or
oscillatory motion. i) Motion of your hands while running Ans: Oscillatory motion During running the hands move to and fro and as this motion gets repeated after certain time interval.Therefore it is oscillatory motion.
ii) Motion of a horse pulling a cart on a straight road
Ans: Straight line motion As the horse cart is moving on a straight road. Therefore motion is along the straight line.
iii) Motion of a child in a merry-go-round
Ans: Circular motion Motion of the merry-go-round is circular. Therefore kids sitting inside it experiences the circular motion.
iv) Motion of a child on a see-saw
Ans: Oscillatory motion As the see-saw goes up and down continuously .Therefore it is oscillatory motion.
v) Motion of the hammer of an electric bell
Ans: Oscillatory motion When the hammer vibrates the bell it starts vibrating. It is an example of oscillatory motion.
vi) Motion of a train on a Straight Bridge
Ans: Straight line motion The train is moving on the straight bridge. It exhibits motion of a straight line.
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2) Which of the following are not correct? i) The basic unit of time is second Ans: Correct SI unit of time is second.
ii) Every object moves with a constant speed
Ans: Not correct Speed of object is constant or variable.
iii) Distances between two cities are measured in kilometers
Ans: Correct The distance between two cities is very large. And as a kilometer is a bigger unit therefore it is used to measure the distance between two cities.
iv) The time period of a given pendulum is not constant
Ans: Not correct The time period depends upon the length of the thread. Therefore it will be constant for a particular pendulum.
v) The speed of a train is expressed in m/h
Ans: Not correct The speed of train is measured either in km/h or m/s.
3) A simple pendulum takes 32 s to complete 20 oscillations. What is the
time-period of the pendulum? Ans: The time taken to complete one oscillation is known as time period of the pendulum.
Time Period = ( Total time taken ) ( Number of Oscillations ) Given: 20 oscillations taking 32s to complete. 1 oscillation will take = ( 32 ) sec = 1.6 second ( 20 ) 1.6s is the time period of the pendulum.
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4) The distance between two stations is 240 km . A train takes 4 hours to cover this distance. Calculate the speed of the train.
Ans: Speed = ( Distance travelled ) ( Time ) Speed = ( 240 km ) ( 4h ) Speed = 60 km / h
5) The odometer of a car reads 57,321.0 km when the clock shows the time 8.30 AM . The odometer reading was changed to 57,336.0 km . Calculate the speed of the car in km/min during this time. Express the speed in km/h also. Ans: Initial reading of the odometer of the car at 8:30 AM = 57321.0 km Final reading of the odometer of the car 8:50 AM = 57336.0 km The car starts at 8:30 AM and stops at 8:50 AM. Distance covered by car = ( 57336 - 57321) km = 15 km 20 1 Time taken between 08:30 AM to 08:50 AM = 20minutes = hour hour 60 3 So Speed in km/min Speed = ( Distance travelled ) ( Time ) Speed = (15km ) ( 20min ) Speed = 0.75km / min Speed in km/h Speed = ( Distance travelled ) ( Time ) Speed = (15km ) 1 h 3 Speed = (15 3) km (1h ) Speed = 45km / h
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6) Salma takes 15 minutes from her house to reach her school on bicycle. If the bicycle has a speed of 2 m / s , calculate the distance between her house and the school. Ans : Speed = 2m / s Time taken to reach school = 15 min 15 60s = 900 s Distance = ( Speed x Time ) Dis tance = 2 900 = 1800m Also 1km = 1000m 1 Dis tan ce = 1800 = 1.8km. 1000 The distance between her house and the school is 1.8 km.
7) Show the shape of the distance-time graph for the motion in the following cases: i) A car moving with a constant speed. Ans: A car moving with a constant speed covers equal distance in equal intervals of time. It will be a uniform motion. Distance-time graph will be as below:
ii) A car parked on a side road.
Ans: A car parked on a road there is no change in the distance with the time. No motion.Therefore the graph so obtained will be parallel to x-axis. Distance- time graph will be as below:-
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8) Which of the following relations is correct? 1) Speed = ( Distance Time ) Distance 2) Speed = Time Time 3) Speed = Distance 1 4) Speed = ( Distance Time ) Ans: Speed of an object is given by the relation:-
Distance Speed = Time
9) The basic unit of speed is:
1) km / min 2) m / min 3) km / h 4) m / s Ans: m / s . The unit of distance is meter (m) and of time is second(s). Distance Speed = Time Therefore the basic unit of speed is m/s.
10) A car moves with a speed of 40 km / h for 15 minutes and then with a speed of 60 km / h for the next 15 minutes. The total distance covered by the car is: 1) 100 km 2) 25 km 3) 15 km 4) 10 km Ans: 25 km Case 1: Speed = 40 km / h
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15 Time = 15 min = hour 60
15 Distance ( d1 ) = Speed Time = 40 = 10 km 60 Case 2: Speed = 60 km / h 15 Time = 15 min = hour 60 15 Distance ( d 2 ) = (Speed Time ) = 60 = 15 km 60 Total distance ( d ) = ( d1 + d 2 ) = 10 km + 15 km = 25 km Therefore total distance covered by the car = 25km.
11) Suppose the two photographs, shown in Fig. 13.1 and Fig.13.2, had been taken at an interval of 10 seconds. If a distance of 100 meters is shown by 1 cm in these photographs, calculate the speed of the blue car. Ans: With the help of the scale we will first measure the distance. Suppose the distance measured is 2cm . So, the distance covered d = 2 100 = 2m . (Because 1m = 100cm ). Time taken = 10seconds. Distance 200m Speed = = = 20m / s. Time 10s Therefore the speed of the blue car = 20m / s.
12) Fig. 13.5 shows the distance-time graph for the motion of two vehicles A and B. Which is one of them moving faster?
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Ans: In distance – time graph speed is measured by its slope. Vehicle A is moving faster as the slope of the graph of A is more than the slope of the graph B. Therefore Vehicle A is moving faster
13) Which of the following distance time-graph a truck moving with speed which is not constant?.
Ans: (iii) as graph is not a straight line, it keeps on changing.
This shows that the truck is moving with variable speed.
