Speed, Time and Distance

Chapter-26
Speed, Time and Distance

Speed
If the location of an object changes with time then
it is said to be in motion. A bus running on a road,
an ant crawling on a floor, a monkey climbing up
a greased pole etc all are the examples of objects
in motion because the locations of these objects
keep on changi ng with respect to thei r
surroundings.
Let an object move from a point A to the point B
through any path, then the actual length of the
path followed by the object is called the distance
travelled by the object. The rate at which any
moving body covers a particular distance is called
its speed.
Speed =
taken Time
travelled Distance
If the distance is constant, Speed
Time
1
Time =
Speed
Distance
If the time is constant, Distance Speed
Distance = Time Speed.
If the speed is constant, Distance Time
We can say that for constant distance travelled,
speed is inversely proportional to the time taken.
This can be explained by a simple example. To
cover a distance of 100 kms, if a person goes at
the speed of 25 kmph, he will require 4 hours to
complete the journey and travelling at a speed of
50 kmph, 2 hours will be required.
(a) Uniform Speed
If the object covers equal distance in equal time
intervals, howsoever small the interval may be then
its speed is called the uniform speed.
(b) Variable Speed
If the object travels different distances in equal
intervals of time, then its speed is called a variable
speed. In thi s case the speed changes from
instance to instance.
The Relative Speed
(i) Objects are moving in opposite directions
The relative speed of one object with respect to
the other, wi l l have magni tude greater than
individual speed of each object. This is why, for
example, a train A moving with speed 10 km/hr
wil l cross another train B movi ng in opposite
directions with speed 25 km/hr, with a relative
speed of (10 + 25 =) 35 km/hr which is greater
than the individual speed of either train.
(ii) Objects are moving in same direction
The relative speed of one object with respect to the
other, will have magnitude either less than or greater
than individual speed of each object. This is why,
for example, a train A moving with the speed of 20
km/hr will cross the another train B moving in
same direction with the speed of 15 km/hr, with a
relative speed of (20 15 =) 5 km/hr which is less
than the individual speed of either train.
Take another example, a train A moving with
the speed of 60 km/hr will cross the another train
B moving in same direction with the speed of
20 km/hr with a relative speed of (60 - 20 =)
40 km/hr which i s less than the train A and
greater than the train B.
Average Speed
Average Speed =
Taken Time Total
Covered Distance Total
For example, A person divides his total route
of journey into three equal parts and decides to
travel the three parts with speed of 40, 30 and
15 km/hr respectively. Find his average speed
during the whole journey.
Let the three equal parts of journey be x km.
Time taken to travel first part of the journey
=
|
.
|
\
|
40
x
hour
Time taken to travel second part of the journey
=
|
.
|
\
|
30
x
hour
450 Concept of Arithmeti c
K
KUNDAN
An Important Result
If two persons (or trains) A and B start at the same
time in opposite directions from two points, and
arrive at the point in a and b hours respectively
after having met, then
As rate : Bs rate =
a b :
.
Proof: Suppose A starts from P and B starts from
Q and they meet at R.
Let As rate be x km per hour, and Bs rate
be y km per hour.
QR = ax km, PR = by km.
Now ti me taken by A i n travell i ng the
distance by km is
x
by
hours.
And time taken by B i n travel l ing the
distance ax km is
y
ax
hours.
Since both start at the same time and meet,
those two times must be equal. Hence
x
by
y
ax
=

a
b
y
x
=
2
2

a
b
y
x
=
For example, A man sets out to cycle f rom
Bhiwani to Rohtak, and at the same time another
man starts from Rohtak to cycle to Bhiwani. After
passing each other they complete their journeys
in
3
1
3
and
5
4
4
hours respectively. At what rate
does the second man cycles if the first cycles 8
km per hour?
We proceed as follows:
5
6
3
1
3
5
4
4
rate s man' Second
rate s man' First
= =
or
5
6
rate s man' Second
8
=
second mans rate =
8
6
5
=
3
2
6
km per hour.
Time taken to travel third part of the journey
=
|
.
|
\
|
15
x
hour
Total time taken =
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
15 30 40
x x x
hours
Total distance travelled = x + x + x = 3x km
Average Speed =
Taken Time Total
Travelled Distance Total
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
15 30 40
x x x
x
km/hr
= 24 km/hr
Units of Measurement
Time is measured in seconds (s), minutes (min) or
hours (hr)
Distance is usually measured in metres (m),
kilometres (km), miles, yards or feet.
Speed is usually measured in metres per second
( mps) , ki l ometres per hour (kmph or
km/hr) or miles per hour (mph).
Conversion of units
1 hour = 60 minutes = (60 60) seconds.
1 kilometre = 1000 metres
8 kilometres = 5 miles
1 yard = 3 feet
1 kilometre per hour =
hour 1
kilometre 1
=
18
5
seconds 60) (60
metres 1000
=
metre per second

18 kilometres per hour = 5 metres per second
[To convert kilometres per hour into metres
per second we multiply the given speed in
kilometres per hour with
18
5
. And to convert
metres per second into kilometres per hour
we multiply the given speed in metres per
second with
5
18
.]
1 kilometre per hour =
8
5
mile per hour.
1 mile per hour =
15
22
feet per second.
451 Speed, Time and Distance
K
KUNDAN
Ex. 1: A man wal ks 22.5 km i n 5 hour s. How
much he wi l l wal k i n 4 hour s?
Soln: We have, distance covered = 22.5 km,
time taken = 5 hours.
Speed =
Time
Distance
or, Speed =
|
.
|
\
|
5
5 . 22
km/hr = 4.5 km/hr
Now, Distance = Speed Time
or, Distance covered in 4 hours
= (4.5 4) km = 18 km.
Hence, the man wil l walk 18 km in 4
hours.
Ex. 2: A car travels at the speed of 72 km/hr.
How many metres will it travel in one
second?
Soln: We have, speed of the car = 72 km/hr
Time = 1 sec =
60
1
minute
(
(
=
=
minute
60
1
sec 1
1minute seconds 60
=
|
.
|
\
|
60 60
1
hour
(
(
(
(
=
= =
hour
60 60
1
minute
60
1
hour
60
1
minute 1 hour 1 minutes 60
Now, Distance = Speed Time
Distance covered in one second
= Speed Time
=
|
.
|
\
|

3600
1
72
km
=
|
.
|
\
|
1000
3600
1
72
m
[
1 km = 1000 m]
=
|
.
|
\
|
10
36
1
72
m = 20 m.
Thus, the car will travel 20 metres in 1
sec.
Ex. 3: The speed of a goods trai n i s 4 m/sec.
What i s i ts speed i n km/hr?
Soln: In order to find the speed of the goods
trai n in km/hr, we have to fi nd the
distance travelled (in km) by it in one hour.
We have,
Speed = 4 m/sec and Time = 1 hour.
Now, 1 hour = 60 minutes
= (60 60) seconds
= 3600 seconds
Distance covered by the goods train in
one hour = (Speed Time)
= (4 3600) metres
=
|
.
|
\
|

1000
3600
4
km
=
5
72
km = 14.4 km
Thus, the distance covered by the goods
train in 1 hour = 14.4 km.
Hence, the speed of the trai n is 14.4
km/hr.
Ex. 4: A man travel s some di stance at a speed
of 12 km/hr and returns at 9 km/hr. I f
the total ti me taken by hi m i s 2 hours
20 mi nutes, fi nd the di stance.
Soln: Let the distance be x km. Then,
time taken at 12 km/hr =
12
x
hour
=
|
.
|
\
|
60
12
x
minutes = 5x minutes.
Time taken at 9 km/hr =
9
x
hour
=
|
.
|
\
|
60
9
x
minutes =
3
20x
minutes.
Since the total time taken is 2 hours 20
minutes ie 140 minutes.
Now, according to the question,

140
3
20
5 = + x x
or,
140
3
20 15
=
+ x x
or,
140
3
35
=
x
or, 35x = 3 140
or, x =
35
410 3
x = 12
Hence, the distance is 12 km.
Ex. 5: Wal ki ng at 4 km/hr, a per son reaches
hi s offi ce 5 mi nutes l ate. I f he wal ks
at 5 km/hr , he wi l l be 4 mi nutes too
ear l y. Fi nd the di stance of hi s off i ce
fr om hi s r esi dence.
Solved Examples
K
KUNDAN
Soln: Let the required distance be x km.
4
x
hours
=
|
.
|
\
|
60
4
x
minutes = 15x minutes
5
x
hours
=
|
.
|
\
|
60
5
x
Since the di ff erence between the two
times taken is (5 + 4) = 9 minutes.
15x - 12x = 9
or, 3x = 9
or, x =
3
9
= 3.
Hence, the required distance is 3 km.
Alternative Method I:
Let the distance to the office be 1 km.
Then, time taken to cover 1 km at the rate
of 4 km/hr
=
4
1
Speed
Distance
=
hour
=
|
.
|
\
|
60
4
1
= 15 minutes
Time taken to cover 1 km at the rate of 5
km/hr
=
5
1
Speed
Distance
=
hour
=
|
.
|
\
|
60
5
1
= 12 minutes
Difference in time taken
= (15 12) = 3 minutes
But the actual difference in time
= (5 + 4) = 9 minutes
Thus, when the difference in time taken
is 3 minutes, the distance to office = 1 km
If the difference in time is 9 minutes,
the distance to office =
|
.
|
\
|
9
3
1
= 3 km
Hence the distance to office = 3 km.
Alternative Method II:
Let x km be the distance of office of the
person and t hours be the time required
to reach the office by the person.
When the person walks at 4 km/hr, then
60
5
4
+ = t
x
or,
12
1
4
+ = t
x
....(i)
When the person walks at 5 km/hr, then
60
4
5
= t
x
or,
15
1
5
= t
x
....(ii)
Now, subtracti ng equati on ( ii ) from
equation (i), we have,
5 4
x x
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
15
1
12
1
t t
=
15
1
12
1
+
=
60
4 5 +
=
60
9
or,
60
9
20
4 5
=
x x
or,
60
9
20
=
x
x =
60
20 9
= 3
Ex. 6: A gun i s fi red at a di stance of 3.32 km
away fr om Rohi t. He hear s the sound
10 seconds l ater. Fi nd the speed of the
sound.
Soln: Since Rohit is at a distance of 3.32 km
from the gun and he hears the sound 10
seconds later. Thi s means that i n 10
seconds sound covers a distance of 3.32
km.
Distance covered = 3.32 km
= (3.32 1000) metres
= 3320 metres
and, time taken = 10 seconds.
Now, Speed =
Time
Distance
Speed =
10
3320
m/sec = 332 m/sec.
Ex. 7: A man travel s a di stance of 18 km from
hi s house to an exhi bi ti on by tanga at
15 km/hr and returns back on cycl e at
10 km/hr . Fi nd hi s aver age speed for
the whol e journey.
Soln: Time taken by a man to reach exhibition
from his house
=
Speed
Distance
=
15
18
hours =
5
6
hours
Time taken by a man to reach his house
from the exhibition
=
Speed
Distance
=
10
18
hours =
5
9
hours
K
KUNDAN
Total time of journey
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
5
9
5
6
hours =
5
15
hours = 3 hours.
Total distance covered
= (18 + 18) km = 36 km
Average speed for the whole journey
=
Taken Time Total
Covered Distance Total
=
3
36
km/hr = 12 km/hr
Ex. 8: Two men A and B start from a place P
walking at 3 km and
2
1
3
km an hour
respectively. How many km will they
be apart at the end of
2
1
2
hours,
( i ) if they walk in opposite
directions?
( i i) if they walk in the same direction?
What time will they take to be 16
km apart,
( i ii ) if they walk in the opposite
directions?
( iv) if they walk in the same direction?
Soln:

(i) When they walk in opposite directions,
Their relative velocity will be
2
1
6
2
1
3 3 |
.
|
\
|
= +
km
ie, They will be
2
1
6
km apart in one hour.
in
2
1
2
hours they wi ll be
4
1
16
2
1
2
2
1
6 |
.
|
\
|
=
km apart.
(ii) When they walk in same direction,
Their relative velocity will be
2
1
3
2
1
3 |
.
|
\
|
=
km
ie, They will be
2
1
km apart in one hour.
in
2
1
2
hours they will be
4
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
|
.
|
\
|
=
km apart.
(iii) From (i), discussed above,
They will be
2
1
6
2
1
3 3 |
.
|
\
|
= +
km apart in
one hour.
They are 16 km apart in
13
6
2
13
32
2
1
6
16
= = hours.
(iv) From (ii), discussed above,
They are
2
1
3
2
1
3 |
.
|
\
|
=
km apart in 1 hour.
They are 16 km apart in
2
1
16
= 32 hours.
Ex. 9: A trai n travel l i ng 25 km an hour l eaves
Del hi at 9 am and anot her t r ai n
tr avel l i ng 35 km an hour star ts at 2
pm i n the same di r ecti on. How many
km from Del hi wi l l they be together?
A train leaves Delhi at 9 am and another
train leaves Delhi at 2 pm in the same
direction.
ie difference of time = 5 hours.
Distance travelled by the first train in 5
hours = (25 5) = 125 km
Time taken by the train to cover (x 125)
km is equal to the time taken by the second
train to cover the distance of x km.

25
125
35
=
x x
or, 25x = 35x 35 125
x =
2
1
437
2
875
10
125 35
= =
The distance from Delhi after which

they will be together =
2
1
437
km.
Alternative Method :
The first train has a start of 25 5 km
and the second train gains (35 25) or 10
km per hour.
the second train will gain 25 5 km in
10
5 25
or
2
1
12
hours.
the required distance from Delhi
=
35
2
1
12
=
2
1
437
km.
Ex. 10: Wal ki ng
4
3
of hi s usual speed, a person
i s
2
1
1
hours l ate to hi s offi ce. Fi nd hi s
usual ti me to cover the di stance.
Soln: It is easy to see that if the speed of a train
or man be changed in the ratio of a : b,
K
KUNDAN
then the time required to travel a certain
distance will be changed in the ratio of
b : a.
Since the man walks at
4
3
of his usual
rate, the time that he takes is
3
4
of his
usual time.

3
4
of usual time = usual time +
2
1
1
hours.

3
1
of usual time =
2
1
1
hours.
usual time =
3
2
1
1
hours =
2
1
4
hours.
Let the usual speed of the person be x km/
hr and the distance of his office = D km.
His usual time to cover the distance
=
|
.
|
\
|
x
D
hours
Speed =
4
3
of his usual speed
=
|
.
|
\
|
x
4
3
km/hr
Time taken to cover the distance D km
=
x x 3
4D
4
3
D
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
hours
Again,
2
1
1
D
3
4D
=
x x
hours =
2
3
hours
or,
2
3
1
3
4 D
= |
.
|
\
|

x
or,
2
3
3
1 D
=
x
or,
2
9 D
=
x
Usual time =
2
9
=
2
1
4
hours.
Ex. 11: I have t o be at a cer t ai n pl ace at a
cer t ai n ti me and fi nd that I shal l be
40 mi nutes too l ate, i f I wal k at 3 km
an hour and 30 mi nutes too soon, i f I
wal k at 4 km an hour. How far have I
to wal k?
Soln: Suppose I have to walk 1 km.
To walk 1 km, I require
3
1
hour in the
first case, and
4
1
hour in the second case.
Therefore, I save
|
.
|
\
|

4
1
3
1
hour in the first
case, and
4
1
hour in the second case.
Thefore, I save
|
.
|
\
|

4
1
3
1
hour or 5 minutes
in the second case. But , by the question,
I save (40 + 30) or 70 minutes.
Hence the required distance
= (70 5 =) 14 km.
Let the required distance be D km.
Time taken to cover D km at 3 km/hr
=
|
.
|
\
|
3
D
hour
Time taken to cover D km at 4 km/hr
=
|
.
|
\
|
4
D
hour
Total difference in time
= 40 minutes late + 30 minutes early
= 70 minutes =
6
7
60
70
|
.
|
\
|
=
hours
6
7
4
D
3
D
=
or,
6
7
4
1
3
1
D = |
.
|
\
|

or,
6
7
12
D
=
D =
6
12 7
= 14 km
Hence the required distance = 14 km.
Ex. 12: Two men A and B wal k fr om P to Q a
di stance of 21 km, at 3 and 4 km an
hour respecti vel y. B reaches Q, returns
i mmedi atel y and meets A at R. Fi nd the
di stance fr om P to R.
Soln: When B meets A at R, B has walked the
distance PQ + QR and A the distance PR.
That is both of them have together walked
twice the distance from P to Q, ie 42 km.
K
KUNDAN
Now the rates of A and B are 3 : 4 and
they have walked 42 km.
Hence the distance PR travelled by A
=
7
3
of 42 km. = 18 km.
Alternative Method I:
Let the required distance be x km.
A and B both walk for the same distance
Distance travelled by B
= (21 + 21 x) = (42 x) km
Time taken by B =
|
.
|
\
|
4
42 x
hours
Distance travelled by A = x km
Time taken by A =
|
.
|
\
|
3
x
hours

4
42
3
x x
=
or, 4x = 126 3x
or, 7x = 126
or, x =
7
126
= 18
required distance = 18 km
Alternative Method II:
As speed = 3 km
Bs speed = 4 km
Let us consider that A and B meets after t
hours.
Distance covered by A in t hours = 3t km
Distance covered by B in t hours = 4t km
Total distance covered by A and B
= 3t + 4t = 7t km
But the total distance covered by A and B is
twice the distance between P and Q.
So, 7t = 21 2
t =
7
21
2
t = 6 hours
So, the distance between P and R = Distance
travelled by A = 3 6 = 18 km.
Ex. 13: A and B start at the same ti me from P
and Q (55 km apar t) to Q and P at 3
and
2
1
2
km an hour respecti vel y, meet
at R, reach Q and P, return i mmedi atel y
and meet agai n at S. Fi nd the di stance
from R to S.
Soln: When A and B meet at R for the first time,
they have together covered the whole
distance PQ (= 55 km) and when they meet
at S for the second time, they have together
covered three times the distance PQ or
165 km.
Now PR =
2
1
2 3
3
+
of PQ =
55
11
2 3
km
= 30 km.
QP + PS is the distance covered by B when
he meets A for the second time.
QP + PS =
2
1
2 3
2
1
2
+
of 165 km = 75 km.
PS = 75 - QP = (75 - 55) km = 20 km.
SR = PR - PS = (30 - 20) km = 10 km.
Ex. 14: Poi nts A and B are 90 km apar t from
each other on a hi ghway. A car star ts
from A and another from B at the same
ti me. I f they go i n the same di recti on
they meet i n 9 hours and i f they go i n
opposi t e di r ect i ons they meet i n
7
9
hour s. Fi nd thei r speeds.
Soln: Let X and Y be two cars starting from
points A and B respectively. Let the speed
of car X be x km/hr and that of car Y be y
km/hr.
Case I: When two cars move in the same
direction:
Suppose two cars meet at point Q. Then,
distance travelled by car X = AQ,
distance travelled by car Y = BQ.
It is given that two cars meet in 9 hours.
Distance travelled by car X in 9 hours
= 9x km or AQ = 9x km
Distance travelled by car y in 9 hours
= 9y km
BQ = 9y km
Clearly, AQ - BQ = AB
9x - 9y = 90
[ AB = 90 km]
or, x - y = 10 .... (i)
Case II: When two cars move in opposite
directions:
Suppose two cars meet at point P. Then,
distance travelled by car X = AP
distance travelled by car Y = BP
In this case, two cars meet in
7
9
hours.
K
KUNDAN
Distance travel l ed by car X i n
7
9
hours =
x
7
9
km or AP =
x
7
9
km
Distance travelled by car Y in
7
9
hours
=
y
7
9
km or BP =
y
7
9
km
Clearly, AP + BP = AB

90
7
9
7
9
= + y x
or,
90 ) (
7
9
= + y x
or, x + y = 70 ... (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
x = 40 and y = 30.
Hence, speed of car X is 40 km/hr and
speed of car Y is 30 km/hr.
Ex. 15: Ved travel s 600 km to hi s home partl y
by trai n and partl y by car. He takes 8
hours i f he travel s 120 km by trai n and
the r est by car . He t akes 20 mi nutes
l onger i f he t r avel s 200 km by tr ai n
and the r est by car. Fi nd the speed of
the trai n and the car.
Soln: Let the speed of the train be x km/hr and
the speed of the car be y km/hr.
Case I: When he travels 120 km by train and
the rest by car:
If Ved travels 120 km by train, then
distance covered by car is (600 - 120) km
= 480 km.
Now, time taken to cover 120 km by train
=
x
120
hours
(
=
speed
Distance
Time
Time taken to cover 480 km by car
=
y
480
hours
It is given that the total time of the journey
is 8 hours.

8
480 120
= +
y x
or,
8
60 15
8 =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
y x
or,
1
60 15
= +
y x
or,
0 1
60 15
= +
y x
.... (i)
Case II: When he travels 200 km by train
and the rest by car:
If Ved travels 200 km by train, then
distance travelled by car is (600 - 200) km
= 400 km.
Now, time taken to cover 200 km by train
=
x
200
hours
Time taken to cover 400 km by train
=
y
400
hours
In this case the total time of journey is 8
hours 20 minutes

y x
400 200
+
= 8 hours 20 minutes
or,
3
1
8
400 200
= +
y x
[ 8 hours 20 minutes
=
60
20
8
hours =
3
1
8
hours]
or,
3
25 400 200
= +
y x
or,
3
25 16 8
25 =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
y x
or,
3
1 16 8
= +
y x
or,
1
48 24
= +
y x
or,
0 1
48 24
= +
y x
.... (ii)
Putting
u
x
=
1
and
v
y
=
1
in (i) and (ii),
we get
15u + 60v - 1 = 0 .... (iii)
24u + 48v - 1 = 0 .... (iv)
On solving equations (iii) and (iv), we have
u =
60
1
and v =
80
1
Now, u =
x
1

x
1
60
1
=
x = 60,
and v =
y
1

y
1
80
1
=
y = 80.
Hence, speed of train = 60 km/hr and
speed of car = 80 km/hr.
K
KUNDAN
Ex. 16: X takes 3 hour s mor e than Y to wal k
30 km. But, i f X doubl es hi s pace, he i s
ahead of Y by
2
1
1
hour s. Fi nd t hei r
speed of wal ki ng.
Soln: Let the speeds of X and Y be x km/hr and
y km/hr respectively.
Then, time taken by X to cover 30 km
=
x
30
hours
And, time taken by Y to cover 30 km
=
y
30
hours
By the given conditions, we have
3
30 30
=
y x
or,
1
10 10
=
y x
.... (i)
If X doubles his pace, then speed of X
= 2x km/hr
Time taken by X to cover 30 km
=
x 2
30
hours
Time taken by Y to cover 30 km
=
y
30
hours
According to the given condi tions, we
have
2
1
1
2
30 30
=
x y
or,
2
3
2
30 30
=
x y
or,
2
1 5 10
=
x y
or,
1
20 10
= +
y x
.... (ii)
Putting
u
x
=
1
and
v
y
=
1
, equations (i)
and (ii) become:
10u 10v = 1 .... (iii)
10u + 20v = 1 ... (iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get:
10v 2 = 0
5
1
= v
.
Putting
5
1
= v
in (iii), we get:
10u 3 = 0 u =
10
3
Now, u =
10
3

10
3 1
=
x
x =
3
10
and v =
5
1

5
1 1
=
y
y = 5.
Hence, Xs speed =
3
10
km/hr and
Ys speed = 5 km/hr.
Ex. 17: After coveri ng a di stance of 30 km wi th
a uni for m speed ther e i s some defect
i n a t r ai n engi ne and t her ef or e, i t s
speed i s r educed to
5
4
of i ts ori gi nal
speed. Consequentl y, the tr ai n r eaches
i t s dest i nat i on l at e by 45 mi nut es.
Had i t happened af t er cover i ng 18
ki l ometres more, the trai n woul d have
r eached 9 mi nut es ear l i er . Fi nd t he
speed of the trai n and the di stance of
jour ney.
Soln: Let the original speed of the train be x
km/hr and the distance of the journey be
y km. Then, time taken =
x
y
hours.
Case I: When defect in the engine occurs
after covering 30 km.
Speed for first 30 km = x km/hr
and, speed for the remaining (y - 30) km
=
x
5
4
km/hr
Time taken to cover 30 km =
x
30
hours
Time taken to cover (y - 30) km
=
5
4
30
x
y
hours =
x 4
5
(y - 30) hours
According to the given condition, we have

60
45
) 30 (
4
5 30
+ = +
x
y
y
x x
or,
4
3
4
150 5 30
+ =
+
x
y
x
y
x
or,
x
x y
x
y
4
3 4
4
150 5 120 +
=
+
or, 5y 30 = 4y + 3x
or, 3x y + 30 = 0
K
KUNDAN
Case II: When defect in the engine occurs
after covering 48 km.
Speed for first 48 km = x km/hr
Speed for the remaining (y 48) km
=
5
4x
km/hr
Time taken to cover 48 km =
x
48
hours
Time taken to cover (y - 48) km
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
5
4
48
x
y
hour =
|
.
|
\
|
x
y
4
) 48 ( 5
hour
According to the given condition, the train
now reaches 9 minutes earlier ie it is 36
minutes late.

60
36
4
) 48 ( 5 48
+ =
+
x
y
x
y
x
or,
5
3
4
240 5 48
+ =
+
x
y
x
y
x
or,
x
x y
x
y
5
3 5
4
240 5 192 +
=
+
or,
5
3 5
4
48 5 x y y +
=
or, 25y - 240 = 20y + 12x

or, 12x - 5y + 240 = 0
Thus, we have the following system of
simultaneous equations:
3x - y + 30 = 0 ... (i)
12x - 5y + 240 = 0 ... (ii)
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we have,
x = 30 and y = 120
Hence, the original speed of the train is
30 km/hr and the length of the journey
is 120 km.
Ex. 18: A tr ai n met wi th an acci dent 3 hour s
after starti ng, whi ch detai ns i t for one
hour, after whi ch i t proceed at 75% of
i t s or i gi nal speed. I t ar r i ves at t he
dest i nat i on 4 hour s l at e. Had t he
acci dent taken pl ace 150 km far t her
al ong the rai l way l i ne, the trai n woul d
have arri ved onl y
2
1
3
hours l ate. Fi nd
the l ength of the tr i p and the or i gi nal
speed of the trai n.
Soln: Let the length of the trip be d km and the
original speed of the train be x km/hr.
As the accident takes place after 3 hours.
distance covered in 3 hours by the train
= (3 x) = 3x km
Remaining distance = (d - 3x) km
Total time taken by the train if no accident
happens =
|
.
|
\
|
x
d
hours
Case I:
Time taken by the train to cover the whole
length of the trip
=
(
(
(
(
+ +
100
75
) 3 (
1 3
x
x d
hours
= (

+
x
x d
3
) 3 ( 4
4
hours
4
3
) 3 ( 4
4 + =
+
x
d
x
x d
or,
x
d
x
x d
=
3
12 4
or, 4d 12x = 3d
or, d = 12x .... (i)
Case II:
If the train had covered 150 km more
before the accident then the distance of
the accident = (3x + 150) km
Remaining distance
= (d (3x + 15)) km
Time taken to cover the whole length of
the trip
100
75
) 150 3 (
1
150 3
+
+ +
+
x
x d
x
x
2
7
4
3
) 150 3 (
1
150 3
+ =
+
+ +
+
x
d
x
x d
x
x
or,
1
2
7
3
600 12 4 150 3
+ =

+
+
x
d
x
x d
x
x
or,
x
x x
x
x
3
600 12 12 4 150 3
+
+
2
5 12
+ =
x
x
| | x d 12 =
or,
2
29
3
600 36 450 9
=
+ +
x
x x
or,
2
29 200 12 150 3
=
+ +
x
x x
or,
2
29 200 12 150 3
=
+ +
x
x x
K
KUNDAN
or,
2
29 50 15
=
x
x
or, 30x - 100 = 29x
or, x = 100
Hence, speed = 100 km/hr and the length
of the trip (d) = 12x = 12 100 = 1200 km
Ex. 19: A trai n covered a certai n di stance at a
uni form speed. I f the trai n woul d have
been 6 k m/hr f ast er , i t woul d have
taken 4 hours l ess than the schedul ed
ti me. And, i f the trai n were sl ower by 6
k m/hr , i t woul d have tak en 6 hour s
more than the schedul ed ti me. Fi nd the
l ength of the journey.
Soln: Let the actual speed of the trai n be
x km/hr and the actual time taken be y
hours. Then,
Distance = (xy) km ... (i)
[ Distance = speed time]
If the speed is increased by 6 km/hr, then
time of journey is reduced by 4 hours ie
when speed is (x + 6) km/hr, time of
journey is (y - 4) hours.
Distance = (x + 6) (y - 4) km
or, xy = (x + 6) (y 4) [Using (i)]
or, 4x + 6y 24 = 0
or, 2x + 3y 12 = 0 ... (ii)
When the speed is reduced by 6 km/hr,
then the time of journey is increased by 6
hours ie when speed is (x - 6) km/hr,
time of journey is (y + 6) hours
Distance = (x 6) (y + 6)
or, xy = (x 6) (y + 6) [Using (i)]
or, 6x 6y 36 = 0
or, x y 6 = 0 .... (iii)
On solving equations (ii) and (iii), we get
x = 30 and y = 24.
Putting the values of x and y in (i), we
obtain
Distance = (30 24) km = 720 km.
Hence, the length of the journey is 720
km.
Alternative Method:
Let the original speed and distance be V
km/hr and D km respectively.
Time taken to complete the whole journey
=
V
D
hours
When the train moves 6 km/hr faster,
then
4
V
D
6 V
D
=
+
or,
4
V
D
6 V
D
=
+
or,
4
6) V(V
6) V D(V
=
+

or,
4
6) V(V
6D
=
+
D =
6
6) 4V(V +
....(i)
When the person moves 6 km/hr slower,
then
6
V
D
6 V
D
+ =
or,
6
V
D
6 V
D
=
or,
6
6) V(V
6) V D(V
=
+
or, D = V(V 6) ....(ii)
Combining equations (i) and (ii), we get
6) V(V
6
6) 4V(V
=
+
or, 4V + 24 = 6V 36
or, 2V = 60
V =
2
60
= 30
Hence original speed = 30 km/hr
Putting the value of V in equation (ii), we
have
D = 30 (30 6) = (30 24) = 720 km
Ex. 20: A har e sees a dog 100 met r es away
from her and scuds off i n the opposi te
di recti on at a speed of 12 km an hour.
A mi nute l at er the dog per cei ves her
and gi ves chase at a speed of 16 km
per hour . How soon wi l l t he dog
over t ak e t he har e, and at what
di stance from the spot whence the hare
took fl i ght?
Soln: Suppose the hare at H sees the dog at D.
DH = 100 metres.
Let K be the position of the hare where
the dog sees her.
HK = the distance gone by the hare in 1
minute.
= 1
60
1000 12
m = 200 m.
DK = 100 m + 200 m = 300 m
The hare thus has a start of 300 m.
Now the dog gains (16 - 12) or 4 km in an
hour.
the dog will gain 300 m in
1000 4
300 60
or
2
1
4
minutes.
K
KUNDAN
Again, the distance gone by the hare in
2
1
4 minutes.
=
2
1
4
60
1000 12
m = 900 m.
distance of the place where the hare is
caught from the spot H whence the hare
took flight
= (200 + 900) m = 1100 m.
Ex. 21: A hare, pursued by a grey-hound, i s 50
of her own l eaps ahead of hi m. Whi l e
the hare takes 4 l eaps the grey-hound
takes 3 l eaps. I n one l eap the hare goes
4
3
1
met r es and t he gr ey-hound
4
3
2
metres. I n how many l eaps wi l l the grey-
hound overtake the hare?
Soln: 50 leaps of the hare =
4
3
1 50
m =
2
175
m
the grey-hound should gain
2
175
m over
the hare.
Now the grey-hound takes 3 leaps whilst
the hare takes 4 leaps.
the grey-hound takes 1 leap whilst the
hare takes
3
4
leaps.
the grey-hound goes
4
3
2
m whilst the
hare goes
4
3
1
3
4
m
the grey-hound gains
|
.
|
\
|

4
3
1
3
4
4
3
2
or
12
5
m in one leap.
the grey-hound gai ns
2
175
m i n
|
.
|
\
|
=
5
12
2
175
210 leaps.
Ex. 22: A hare starts to run at 12 km per hour
when a dog i s 100 met r es of f. Aft er
hal f a mi nute the dog sees har e and
pur sues at 16 km per hour . How soon
wi l l he catch hare?
Soln: Suppose the hare H sees the dog at D.
DH = 100 metres.
Let K be the position when the dog sees
hare.
HK = distance gone by hare in
2
1
min
=
2
1
60
1000 12
= 100 metres
DK = 100 metres + 100 metres = 200 metres
The hare thus has a strat of 200 metres.
Now the dog gains (16 12) or 4 km in an
hour
Distance gained by dog in 1 min
=
3
200
60
1000 4
=
metres
Now
3
200
metres is covered in time
= 1 min
200 metres is covered in time
=
200
200
3 1
= 3 min.
Hence, dog will catch hare in 3 minutes.
Ex. 23: Two guns wer e f i r ed f r om t he same
pl ace at an i nterval of 13 mi nutes but
a per son i n a t r ai n appr oachi ng the
pl ace hear s t he second r epor t 12
mi nutes 30 seconds after the fi rst. Fi nd
the speed of the trai n, supposi ng that
sound travel s 330 metr es per second.
Soln: It is easy to see that the distance travelled
by the train in 12 min 30 seconds could
be travelled by sound in (13 min - 12 min
30 seconds) or 30 seconds.
the train travels 330 30 metres in
2
1
12
min.
the speed of the train per hour
=
1000 25
60 2 30 330

=
25
1188
or
25
13
47
km per hour
Ex. 24: A car r i age dr i vi ng i n a f og passed a
man who was wal ki ng at the rate of 3
km an hour i n the same di recti on. He
coul d see the car r i age f or 4 mi nut es
and i t was vi si bl e t o hi m upt o a
di stance of 100 m. What was the speed
of the car r i age?
Soln: The di stance travell ed by man in 4
minutes
=
4
60
1000 3
metres = 200 metres.

K
KUNDAN
distance travelled by carriage in 4
minutes
= (200 + 100) or 300 metres.
speed of carriage
=
1000
60
4
300
km per hour
=
2
1
4
km per hour.
Ex. 25: Two trai ns start at the same ti me, one
from A to B and the other from B to A.
I f they arri ve at B and A respecti vel y 5
hour s and 20 hour s after they passed
each other. Show that one travel s twi ce
as fast as the other .
Soln: Let the two trains be P and Q.
Let the train P starts from A and Q starts
from B and they meet at C.
Let Ps speed be x km per hour and Qs
speed be y km per hour.
BC = 5x km; AC = 20y km
Now time taken by P to travel a distance
20y =
x
y 20
hours
And time taken by Q to travel a distance
5x =
y
x 5
hours
Since both start at the same time and meet,
those two times must be equal.

y
x
x
y 5 20
=
or, 5x
2
= 20y
2
or,
2
2
y
x
= 4
or,
1
2
=
y
x
Ex. 26: A can wal k a cer tai n di stance i n 50
days when he r ests 9 hour s each day,
how l ong i t wi l l take for hi m to wal k
twi ce as far i f he wal ks twi ce as fast
and rests twi ce as l ong each day?
Soln: Suppose initially he covers x km in 50
days
Distance covered in 1 day =
50
x
km
Since he rests for 9 hours,
Distance covered in (24 9 =) 15 hours
=
50
x
km
Distance covered in 1 hour
=
15 50
x
km
In the second case:
Distance to be covered = 2x km
Speed =
15 25 15 50
2
x x
km/hr
Number of hours he walks per day
= (24 2 9 =) 6 hours
Distance covered in 1 day
=
15 25
6
x
km
Now
15 25
6
x
km is covered in 1 day
2x km shall be covered in
=
x
x
6
15 25 2
= 125 days.
Ex. 27: A person wal ks from A to B at the rate
of 3 kmph and after tr ansacti ng some
busi ness whi ch occupi es hi m an hour ,
returns to A by tramway at the rate of
5 kmph. He then fi nds that he has been
absent for 2 hour s 20 mi nutes. Fi nd
the di stnace from A to B.
Soln: We have average speed
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
+

5 3
5 3 2
3.75 kmph
The time for which he travels
=
3
1
1 1
3
1
2 |
.
|
\
|
=
hours
Distance =
)
`
= |
.
|
\
|

3
1
1 75 . 3
2
1
= 2.5 km
Note: In calculating distance we have
multiplied
|
.
|
\
|

3
1
1 75 . 3
by
2
1
. Because we
will get twice the distance otherwise.
Ex. 28: A per son has t o r each a pl ace 40 k m
away. He wal ks at the r ate of 4 km/hr
for the fi rst 16 km and then travel s i n a
scoot er f or t he r est of t he j our ney.
However, i f he had travel l ed by scooter
for the 16 km and covered the remai ni ng
di stance on foot at 4 km/hr , he woul d
have taken an hour l onger to compl ete
t he j our ney. F i nd t he speed of t he
scoot er .
Soln: Total distance covered = 40 km
Distance covered on foot = 16 km
Distance covered in a scooter
= 40 km 16 km = 24 km
Suppose speed of the scooter
= x km per hour
K
KUNDAN
speed of the man = 4 km per hour
Then time taken in the first case
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ = +
x x
24
4
24
4
16
hours
Also time taken in the second case
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ = + 6
16
4
24 16
x x
hours
Since the time taken in the second case
is one hour longer

1
24
4 6
16
= |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+
x x
or,
x x
24
4 6
16
+
= 1
or,
x x
24 16
= 1 6 + 4
or,
1
8
=
x
or,
x
8
=1
or, x = 8
Hence, speed of the scooter
= 8 km per hour.
Ex. 29: A boy goes to school at a speed of 3
km/hr and r etur ns to the vi l l age at a
speed of 2 km/hr. I f he takes 5 hour s
i n al l , what i s the di stance between the
vi l l age and the school ?
Then time taken during the first journey
=
3
x
hour.
And time taken during the second journey
=
2
x
hour.

5
2 3
= +
x x
or,
5
6
3 2
=
+ x x
or, 30 5 = x
x = 6
required distance = 6 km
Ex. 30: A motor car does a journey i n 10 hours,
t he f i r st hal f at 21 k m/ hr and t he
second hal f at 24 k m/ hr . Fi nd t he
di stance.
Soln: Let the distance be x km.
Then
2
x
km is travelled at a speed of 21
km/hr and
2
x
km at a speed of 24 km/hr.
Then, ti me taken to travel the whol e
journey = (
+
24 2 21 2
x x
hours
24 2 21 2
+
x x
= 10
or,
2 24 21
21 24

+ x x
= 10
x =
224
24 21
24 21 10 2
=
+

km.
Ex. 31: A monkey tri es to ascend a greased pol e
14 metr es hi gh. He ascends 2 met r es
i n fi rst mi nute and sl i ps down 1 metre
i n the al ternate mi nute. I f he conti nues
t o ascend i n t hi s f ashi on, how l ong
does he take to r each the top?
Soln: In every 2 minutes he is able to ascend
(2 1 =) 1 metre. This way he ascends
upto 12 metres because when he reaches
at the top, he does not slip down. Thus,
upto 12 metres he takes 12 2 = 24
minutes and for the last 2 metres he takes
1 minute. Therefore, he takes (24 + 1 =)
25 minutes to reach the top. That is, in
26th minute he reaches the top.
Ex. 32: Two r unner s cover the same di stance
at the r ate of 15 km and 16 k m per
hour r espect i vel y. Fi nd the di st ance
tr avel l ed when one t akes 16 mi nutes
l onger than the other .
Time taken by the first runner =
15
x
hours
Time taken by the second runner
=
16
x
hours
60
16
16 15
=
x x
or,
60
16
16 15
) 15 16 (
=
x
x =
16 15
60
16

= 64 km.
Ex. 33: Wi thout any stoppage a person travel s
a cer tai n di stance at an average speed
of 80 k m/hr and wi t h st oppages he
covers the same di stance at an average
speed of 60 km/hr. How many mi nutes
per hour does he stop?
K
KUNDAN
Soln: Let the total distance be x km.
Time taken at the speed of 80 km/hr
=
80
x
hours.
Time taken at the speed of 60 km/hr
=
60
x
hours.
he rested for
|
.
|
\
|

80 60
x x
hours
=
240 80 60
20 x x
=
hours
his rest per hour
=
x
x x x 60
240 60 240
=
=
4
1
hours = 15 minutes.
Ex. 34: A man r ode out a cer tai n di stance by
trai n at the rate of 25 km an hour and
wal k ed back at the r ate of 4 km per
hour . The whol e j ourney took 5 hour s
and 48 mi nutes. What di stance di d he
r i de?
Then time spent in journey by train
=
25
x
hours.
And time spent in journey by walking
=
4
x
hours.
Therefore,
5
4 25
= +
x x
hours 48 minutes.
or,
5
29
60
48
5
100
29
= =
x

20
5
100
= = x
km
Ex. 35: A per son t r avel s f or 3 hour s at t he
speed of 40 km/hr and for 4.5 hour s
at the speed of 60 km/hr. At the end of
i t, he fi nds that he has covered
5
3
of
t he t ot al di st ance. At what aver age
speed shoul d he t r avel t o cover t he
r emai ni ng di stance i n 4 hours?
Soln: Total distance covered in (3 + 4.5) hours
= 3 40 + 4.5 60 = 390 km.
5
3
of the distance = 390 km
Remaining distance =
5
2
5
3
1 |
.
|
\
|
=
of the
total distance

5
2
of the total distance=
5
2
3
5
390
= 260 km.
average speed f or the remai ni ng
distance =
|
.
|
\
|
=
4
260
65 km/hr.
Ex. 36: When a man tr avel s equal di stance at
speeds V
1
and V
2
km/hr , hi s aver age
speed i s 4 km/hr . But when he tr avel s
at t hese speeds f or equal t i me hi s
aver age speed i s 4.5 km/hr . Fi nd the
di ffer ence of the two speeds and al so
fi nd the val ues of V
1
and V
2
.
Soln: Suppose the equal distance = D km
Then time taken with V
1
and V
2
speeds
are
1
V
D
hours and
2
V
D
hours respectively.
average speed =
time Total
distance Total
4
V V
V 2V
V
D
V
D
2D
2 1
2 1
2 1
=
+
=
+
= km/hr
In second case,
average speed =
4.5
2
V V
2 1
=
+
km/hr
or, V
1
+ V
2
= 9 and V
1
V
2
= 18
Now, ( ) ( )
2 1
2
2 1
2
2 1
V 4V V V V V + =
= 81 72 = 9
3 V V
2 1
= km/hr .....(i) and
V
1
+ V
2
= 9 km/hr .....(ii)
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we have
V
1
= 6 km/hr and V
2
= 3 km/hr.
Ex. 37: A man t ak es 8 hour s t o wal k t o a
cer tai n pl ace and r i de back. However ,
he coul d have gai ned 2 hours, i f he had
covered both ways by ri di ng. How l ong
woul d he have t ak en t o wal k bot h
ways?
Soln: Walking time + Riding time
= 8 hours .... (1)
2 Riding time = (8 2 =) 6 hours .... (2)
2 (1) (2) gives the result
2 walking time = (2 8 6 =) 10 hours.
both ways walking will take 10 hours.
Ex. 38: A per son travel l ed 120 km by steamer,
450 km by tr ai n and 60 km by hor se.
I t took 13 hours 30 mi nutes. I f the rate
of the trai n i s 3 ti mes that of the horse
K
KUNDAN
and 1.5 ti mes that of the steamer, fi nd
the r ate of hor se, t r ai n and steamer
per hour .
Soln: Suppose the speed of horse = x km/hr.
Then speed of the train = 3x km/hr
and speed of the steamer = 2x km/hr
5 . 13
60
3
450
2
120
= + +
x x x
hours
(Since 13 hours 30 minutes = 13.5 hours)
or,
5 . 13
6
360 900 360
=
+ +
x

20
5 . 13 6
1620
=
= x
Hence, speed of horse = 20 km/hr
Speed of train = 3x = 3 20
= 60 km/hr
Speed of steamer = 2x = 2 20
= 40 km/hr
Ex. 39: A man cover s a cer t ai n di st ance on
scooter. Had he moved 3 km/hr faster,
he woul d have taken 40 mi nutes l ess.
I f he had moved 2 km/hr sl ower , he
woul d have t ak en 40 mi nut es mor e.
Fi nd the di stance (i n km) and or i gi nal
speed.
Soln: Suppose the distance is D km and the
initial speed is x km/hr.
Then, we have
60
40 D
3
D
=
+ x x
and
60
40 D
2
D
+ =
x x
or,
3
2
3
D D
=
+
x x
or,
3
2
) 3 (
3D
=
+ x x
.... (1)
and
3
2 D
2
D
=
x x
or,
3
2
) 2 (
2D
=
x x
.... (2)
From (1) and (2), we have
) 2 (
D 2
) 3 (
D 3
=
+ x x x x
or, ) 3 ( 2 ) 2 ( 3 + = x x
or, 6 2 6 3 + = x x
12 = x km/hr
Now, if we put this value in (1), we get
D =
3
15 12
3
2
= 40 km.
Hence, the distance is 40 km and the
original speed is 12 km/hr.
Ex. 40: A per son cover s a di st ance i n 40
mi nutes i f he runs at a speed of 45 km
per hour on an average. Fi nd the speed
at whi ch he must run to reduce the ti me
of journey to 30 mi nutes.
Soln: Let the distance be D km.
45
D
= 40 minutes =
3
2
60
40
=
D =
45
3
2
= 30 km
Let the required speed be x km per hour.
2
1
x
= 30
(
= hour
2
1
minutes 30
x = 30 2 = 60 km/hr.
Ex. 41: The di st ance bet ween t wo st at i ons,
Del hi and Amri tsar, i s 450 km. A trai n
star ts at 4 pm from Del hi and moves
towards Amr i tsar at an aver age speed
of 60 km/hr. Another trai n starts from
Amr i t sar at 3.20 pm and moves
towards Del hi at an aver age speed of
80 km/hr. How far fr om Del hi wi l l the
two trai ns meet and at what ti me?
Soln: Suppose the trains meet at a distance of x
km from Delhi. Let the trains from Delhi
and Amritsar be A and B respectively.
Then,
[Time taken by B to cover (450 x) km]
[Time taken by A to cover x km]
=
60
40
..... (see note)
or,
60
40
60 80
450
=
x x
3(450 x) 4x = 160
or, 7x = 1190
or, x = 170.
Thus, the trains meet at a distance of 170
km from Delhi.
Time taken by A to cover 170 km
=
|
.
|
\
|
60
170
hours = 2 hours 50 min.
So, the trains meet at 6.50 pm
Note: RHS = 4 : 00 pm 3.20 pm
= 40 minutes =
60
40
hour
LHS comes from the fact that the train
from Amritsar took 40 minutes more to
travel up to the meeting point because it
had started its journey at 3.20 pm whereas
K
KUNDAN
the train from Delhi had started its journey
at 4 pm and the meeting time is the same
for both the trains.
Ex. 42: A man leaves a point P at 6 am and
reaches the point Q at 10 am. Another
man leaves the point Q at 8 am and
reaches the point P at 12 noon. At what
time do they meet?
Soln: Let the distance PQ be A km.
And they meet x hours after the first man
starts.
Average speed of first man
=
4
A
6 10
A
=
km/hr.
Average speed of second man
=
4
A
8 12
A
=
km/hr.
Distance travelled by first man =
4
Ax
km
They meet x hours after the first man
starts. The second man, as he starts 2
hours late, meets after (x - 2) hours from
his start. Therefore, the distance travelled
by the second man
=
4
) 2 ( A x
km
Now,
4
) 2 ( A
4
A
+
x x
km = A
or, 2x 2 = 4
x = 3 hours.
They meet at 6 am + 3 hours = 9 am
Ex. 43: A tr ai n t r avel s a di stance of 300 km
at constant speed. I f the speed of the
t r ai n i s i ncr eased by 5 km an hour ,
the j ourney woul d have taken 2 hour s
l ess. Fi nd t he or i gi nal speed of t he
tr ai n.
Soln: Let x km/hr be the constant speed of the
train.
Then, time taken to cover 300 km
=
x
300
hours.
Time taken to cover 300 km when the
speed is increased by 5 km/hr
=
5
300
+ x
hours.
It is given that the time to cover 300 km
is reduced by 2 hours.

2
5
300 300
=
+
x x
or,
2
) 5 (
300 ) 5 ( 300
=
+
+
x x
x x
or,
2
5
300 1500 300
2
=
+
+
x x
x x
or, 2x
2
+ 10x = 1500
or, x
2
+ 5x - 750 = 0
or, x
2
+ 30x - 25x - 750 = 0
or, x(x + 30) - 25 (x + 30) = 0
or, (x - 25) (x + 30) = 0
or, x = 25 or x = -30.
Negative value of x should be rejected.
Hence, the original speed of the train is
25 km/hr.
Ex. 44: A fast tr ai n takes 3 hour s l ess than a
sl ow tr ai n for a j our ney of 600 km. I f
the speed of the sl ow trai n i s 10 km/hr
l ess than that of the fast trai n, fi nd the
speeds of the two tr ai ns.
Soln: Let the speed of the slow trai n be
x km/hr. Then, speed of the fast train is
(x + 10) km/hr.
Time taken by the slow train to cover 600
km =
x
600
hours.
Time taken by the fast train to cover 600
km =
10
600
+ x
hours.
3
10
600 600
=
+
x x
or,
3
) 10 (
600 ) 10 ( 600
=
+
+
x x
x x
or,
3
10
6000
2
=
+ x x
or, 6000 ) 10 ( 3
2
= + x x
or,
0 2000 10
2
= + x x
or,
0 2000 40 50
2
= + x x x
or, ( ) ( ) 0 50 40 50 = + + x x x
or, (x + 50) (x - 40) = 0
or, x = 50 or x = 40
or, x = 40
[
x cannot be negative]
or, Hence, the speeds of two trains are 40
km/hr and 50 km/hr.
Ex. 45: A pl ane l eft 30 mi nutes l ater than the
schedul e ti me and i n order to reach i ts
desti nati on 1500 km away i n ti me i t
has to i ncrease i ts speed by 250 km/hr
f r om i ts usual speed. Fi nd i ts usual
speed.
Soln: Let the usual speed of the pl ane be
x km/hr. Then,
K
KUNDAN
Time taken to cover 1500 km with the
usual speed =
x
1500
hours
Time taken to cover 1500 km with the
speed of (x + 250) km/hr =
250
150
+ x

2
1
250
1500 1500
+
+
=
x x
or,
2
1
250
1500 1500
=
+
x x
or,
2
1
) 250 (
1500 250 1500 1500
=
+
+
x x
x x
or,
2
1
250
250 1500
2
=
+

x x
or, 750000 = x
2
+ 250x
or, x
2
+ 250x 750000 = 0
or, x
2
+ 1000x 750x 750000 = 0
or, x(x + 1000) - 750 (x + 1000) = 0
or, (x + 1000) (x - 750) = 0
or, x = -1000 or x = 750
or, x = 750
[ speed cannot be negative]
Hence, the usual speed of the plane is
750 km/hr.
Ex. 46: I n a fl i ght of 600 km, an ai rcraft was
sl owed down due to bad weather . I ts
average speed for the tri p was reduced
by 200 km/hr and t he t i me of f l i ght
i ncr eased by 30 mi nut es. Fi nd t he
dur ati on of fl i ght.
Soln: Let the original speed of the aircraft be x
km/hr.
Then, new speed = (x 200) km/hr
Duration of flight at original speed
=
|
.
|
\
|
x
600
hour
Duration of flight at reduced speed
=
|
.
|
\
|
200
600
x
hour

2
1 600
200
600
=
x x
or,
2
1
) 200 (
) 200 ( 600 600
=

x x
x x
or,
2
1
200
120000
2
=
x x
or, x
2
200x 240000 = 0
or, x
2
- 600x + 400x - 240000 = 0
or, x(x - 600) + 400 (x - 600) = 0
or, (x - 600) (x + 400) = 0
or, x - 600 = 0 or x + 400 = 0
or, x = 600
or, x = -400
or, x = 600
[ x cannot be negative]
So, the original speed of the aircraft was
600 km/hr.
Hence, duration of flight =
|
.
|
\
|
x
600
hour
=
|
.
|
\
|
600
600
hour = 1 hour.
Ex. 47: Two trai ns l eave a r ai l way stati on at
the same ti me. The fi r st tr ai n tr avel s
due west and t he second t r ai n due
nor th. The fi rst tr ai n tr avel s 5 km/hr
faster than the second t r ai n. I f after
two hours, they are 50 km apart, fi nd
the aver age speed of each trai n.
Soln: Let the speed of the second trai n be
x km/hr. Then, the speed of the first train
is (x + 5) km/hr.
Let O be the position of the railway station
from which the two trains leave.
Distance travelled by the first train in 2
hours
= OA = speed time = 2(x + 5) km
Distance travelled by the second train in
2 hours
= OB = speed time = 2x km
By Pythagoras Theorem,
AB
2
= OA
2
+ OB
2
or, 50
2
= [2(x + 5)]
2
+ {2x}
2
or, 2500 = 4(x + 5)
2
+ 4x
2
or, 8x
2
+ 40x 2400 = 0
or, x
2
+ 5x 300 = 0
or, x
2
+ 20x 15x 300 = 0
or, x(x + 20) 15 (x + 20) = 0
or, (x + 20) (x 15) = 0
or, x = 20 or x = 15
[ x cannot be negative]
Hence, the speed of the second train is
15 km/hr and the speed of the first train
is 20 km/hr.
Ex. 48: A wal ks hal f a kmph faster than B and
thr ee quar ter s of a kmph faster than
C. To wal k a cer tai n di stance C takes
K
KUNDAN
three quarters of an hour more than B
and two hour s more than A. Fi nd the
di st ance cover ed and the ti me t ak en
by B. Al so fi nd hi s speed.
Soln: Let the speed of B be y kmph
Speed of A =
|
.
|
\
|
+
2
1
y
kmph and
speed of B =
|
.
|
\
|
+
2
1
y
kmph and
speed of C =
4
1
4
3
2
1
= + y y kmph
Let the distance travelled be d km and
time for A is T.
Now, for A, T =
1 2
2
2
1 +
=
+
y
d
y
d
... (1)
For C, T + 2 =
1 4
4
4
1
=
y
d
y
d
or,
1 4
2 8 4
2
1 4
4
T
+
=
=
y
y d
y
d
... (2)
and for B,
y
d
= +
4
5
T
or,
4
5
T =
y
d
or,
y
d
4
54 4
T

=
... (3)
From (1) and (2),

1 4
2 8 4
1 2
2
+
=
+ y
y d
y
d
or, d (4y - 1) = (2y + 1) (2d - 4y + 1)
or, 4dy - d = 4dy - 8y
2
+ 2y + 2d - 4y + 1
or, 8y
2
+ 2y - 3d - 1 = 0
or, d =
3
1 2 8
2
+ y y
.... (4)
and from (2) and (3)
y
y d
y
y d
4
5 4
1 4
2 8 4
=
+
or, y d y dy y y dy 5 4 20 16 8 32 16
2 2
+ = +
or, 0 4 3 12
2
= d y y
or,
4
3 12
2
y y
d

= .... (5)
From (4) and (5),
4
3 12
3
1 2 8
2 2
y y y y
=
+
or, y y y y 9 36 4 8 32
2 2
= +
or, 0 4 17 4
2
= + y y
or,
4
1
, 4 = y
Now f rom ( 5), d = 45 and f rom ( 3) ,
T = 10 hours. (y =
4
1
is not possible).
Ex. 49: A man star ted fr om hi s house to hi s
workpl ace 8 km away at the rate of 4
kmph so as to reach just i n ti me. After
5 mi nutes he real i sed that he had l eft
some i mpor tant document s at home,
so he tur ned back , and now wal ki ng
at an i ncr eased speed, sti l l succeeded
i n reachi ng hi s workpl ace i n ti me. What
was hi s i ncr eased speed?
Soln:
Let A be the house and B be the workplace.
The workpl ace i s 8 km away. Had he
walked all the way at 4 kmph he would
have taken 2 hours to reach hi s
workplace, which would be just in time.
Therefore, total time = 2 hours
Referring to the above diagram, the total
time is made up
(i) walking from A to C for 5 minutes
=
60
5
hours =
12
1
hours
now, 4 km in 1 hour

3
1
km in
12
1
hours
Distance AC =
3
1
km
(ii) If x is the increased speed, time for
walking from C to A
=
x
AC
hours =
x
3
1
hours
(iii) Walking from A to B time taken
=
x x
8 AB
=
hours
x x
8
3
1
12
1
2 + + =
x =
23
8
4
kmph
K
KUNDAN
Practice Exercise
1. For a journey, walking
7
6
of his usual speed,
a man becomes late by 25 minutes. What is
his usual time taken for the journey?
2. A motorist covers a distance from A to B at a
speed of 20 km/hr and return journey from B
to A at a speed of 30 km/hr. If he takes 5
hours for the whole journey, find the distance
from A to B.
3. Shivangi starts from her house for her school
at a certain fixed time. If she walks at the
rate of 5 km/hr, she is late by 7 minutes.
However, if she walks at the rate of 6 km/hr,
she reaches the school 5 minutes earlier than
the scheduled time. What is the distance of
the school from her house?
4. I will reach my destination 40 minutes late if
I walk at the rate of 3 km/hr. However, I will
reach 30 minutes before time if I walk at the
rate of 4 km/hr. Find the distance of my
destination from the starting point.
5. A student travels to his school at a speed of 4
km/hr and reaches the school 15 minutes
late. On travelling at a speed of 6 km/hr, he
reaches the school 5 minutes early. At what
speed must he travel to reach the school just
in time?
6. A person travels a certain distance on a bicycle
at a certain speed. Had he moved 3 km/hr
Ex. 50: Di nky i s pi cked up by hi s father by car
fr om school ever yday and they r each
home at 5.00 pm. One day, si nce school
got over an hour earl i er than usual , he
st ar t ed wal k i ng t owar ds home at 3
kmph. He met hi s fat her on the way
and t hey r eached home 15 mi nut es
earl i er than thei r usual ti me. What i s
the speed of the car ?
Soln:
Let the speed of car be
d
s and the speed
of Dinky be s
w
s
w
= 3 kmph
Ref erri ng to the above di agram, i f A
represents the home and B represents the
school, the father starts at his usual time
but meets his son on the way at C. So, in
going from A to C and back to A he saves
the time he would have used commuting
from C to B and back to C. Since they
reach back 15 minutes earlier than usual,
ie the time saved = 15 minutes. Therefore
time taken to drive from C to B and back
is 15 minutes. Therefore time taken to
drive the distance BC = t
d
=
2
15
t
d
= 7.5 minutes
Dinky starts 1 hour earlier than usual.
Had he moved at driving speed, ie speed
of the car, he would have reached 1 hour
earlier. But he reaches only 15 minutes
earlier. Therefore he loses 45 minutes, ie
by travelling partly by foot and partly by
car, he takes 45 minutes longer than if
he woul d have travel l ed the whol e
distance by car.
Therefore time taken to walk the distance
BC
= t
w
= (7.5 + 45 =) 52.5 minutes.
t
w
= 52.5 minutes
But for a constant distance BC,

d
w
w
d
t
t
s
s
=

5 . 7
5 . 52
3
=
d
s
s
d
= 21 kmph
Ex. 51: Two pl aces P and Q are 162 km apart.
A trai n l eaves P for Q and at the same
ti me another trai n l eaves Q for P. Both
the trai ns meet 6 hours after they start
movi ng. I f the trai n tr avel l i ng fr om P
to Q tr avel s 8 k m/hr fast er t han the
other tr ai n, fi nd the speed of the two
t r ai ns.
Soln: Suppose the speeds of the two trains are
x km/hr and y km/hr respectively.
Now,
Total distance travelled by both the trains
in 6 hours = (6x + 6y) km
(6x + 6y) = 162
or,
27
2
162
= = + y x
....(i)
and x y = 8 ....(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we have
x = 17.5 km/hr and
y = 9.5 km/hr.
Hence, speed of the two trains are 17.5
km/hr and 9.5 km/hr.
K
KUNDAN
faster, he would have taken 40 minutes less.
Had he moved 2 km/hr slower, he would have
taken 40 minutes more. Find the distance
and original speed of the person.
7. Two places A and B are 80 km apart from
each other on a highway. A car starts from A
and another from B at the same time. If they
move in the same direction, they meet each
other in 8 hours. If they move in opposite
directions towards each other, they meet in
1 hour 20 minutes. Determine the speeds of
the cars.
8. A train covers a distance between stations A
and B in 45 minutes. If the speed is reduced
by 5 km/hr, it will cover the same distance
in 48 minutes. What is the distance between
the two stations A and B (in km)? Also, find
the speed of the train.
9. A car covering half of a distance of 100 km
develops some engine trouble and later travels
at half of its original speed. As a result, it
arrives 2 hours later than its normal time.
What was the original speed of the car?
10. A train covers a distance of
3
1
193
km in
4
1
4
hours with one stoppage of 10 minutes, two
of 5 minutes and one of 3 minutes on the
way. Find the average speed of the train.
11. Distance between two places X and Y is 60
km. Two persons A and B start from X towards
Y at the same time. Speed of B is 4 km/hr
less than the speed of A. A reaches Y, returns
at once and meets B at a distance of 12 km
from Y. What is the speed of B?
12. An army bomb squad man set a fuse f or
blasting a rock to take place after one minute.
He ran away from the site at the speed of 13
m/s. Sound travels at the speed of 325 m/s.
Upto what distance could the army man run,
before he heard the sound of blast?
13. On a particular day a person starts walking
from a place X at 2 am and reaches place Y at
5 am. A second person starts walking from a
place Y at 4 am and reaches place X at 9 am
on the same day. At what time do they cross
each other?
14. A covers some distance in 50 days when he
rests 9 hours a day. In how many days will
he cover the double distance by resting twice
as before?
15. A man travelled a total distance of 3990 km,
part of it by air, part by water and the rest by
land. The time he spent in travelling by air,
water and land was i n rati o 1 : 16 : 2
respectively and the average speed of each
mode of travel was in the ratio 20 : 1 : 3
respectively. If his overall average speed was
42 km/hr, find the distance covered by water.
16. A goods train travelling from station A to
station B meets with an accident one hour
after starting. After stopping there for 30
minutes, it proceeds at
5
4
of its usual speed
and arrives at B 2 hours late. Had the train
covered 80 km more before the accident, it
would have been just one hour late. Determine
the original speed of the train and the distance
between A and B.
17. A train after travelling 50 km meets with an
accident and then proceeds at
4
3
of its former
speed and arri ves at i ts desti nati on 25
minutes late. Had the accident occurred 24
km behi nd, i t would have reached the
destination only 35 minutes late. Find the
speed of the train and the distance travelled
by the train.
18. Ravi can walk a certain distance in 40 days,
when he rests 9 hours a day. How long will
he take to walk twice the distance, twice as
fast and rest twice as long each day?
19. Two men set out at the same time to walk
towards each other from two points A and B,
72 km apart. The first man walks at the rate
of 4 km/hr. The second man walks 2 km in
the first hour,
2
1
2
km in the second hour, 3
km in the third hour and so on. Find the
time after which the two men will meet.
20. Two trains start out towards each other from
points 650 km apart. If they start out at the
same time, they will meet in 10 hours, but if
one of them starts out 4 hours and 20 minutes
after the other, they will pass each other 8
hours following the departure of the latter.
Determine the average speed of each other.
21. Distance between two stations X and Y is
220 km. Trains P and Q leave station X at 8
am and 9.51 am respectively at the speed of
25 km/hr and 20 km/hr respecti vel y f or
journey towards Y. A train R leaves station Y
at 11.30 am at a speed of 30 km/hr for journey
towards X. When and where will P be at equal
distance from Q and R.
22. Two places P and Q are 336 km apart. A train
leaves P for Q and at the same time another
train leaves Q for P. Both trains meet at the
end of the 6 hours. If one train travels 8 km/hr
faster than the other, find the speeds of the
other trains.
23. On a 2-km road, a total number of 201 trees
are planted on each side of the road at equal
distances. How many such trees in all will
be planted on both sides of a 50-km road such
that the distance between two consecutive
trees is the same as that of the consecutive
trees on the 2-km road?
K
KUNDAN
Answers and explanations
1. Let the usual speed of the person be x km/hr
and the distance of his journey be D km.
His usual time to cover the distance =
|
.
|
\
|
x
D
hour
Speed =
7
6
of his usual speed =
|
.
|
\
|
x
7
6
km/hr
Time taken to cover the distance D km
=
x x 6
7D
7
6
D
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
hour
Again,

|
.
|
\
|
=
60
25 D
6
7D
x x
or,
12
5
1
6
7 D
= |
.
|
\
|

x
or,
2
5
6
12
5 D
= |
.
|
\
|
=
x
hours
Usual time =
2
1
2
hours.
2. Let the distance from A and B is x km.
Time taken to cover the distance from A to
B at 20 km/hr =
20
x
hours.
And time taken to cover the distance from B
to A at 30 km/hr =
30
x
hours.
Total time taken = 5 hours. (Given)

5
30 20
= +
x x
5
60
2 3
=
+ x x
or, 5x = 60 5 = 300
or, x =
5
300
= 60 km
3. Let the required distance be x km.
Time taken to walk at 5 km/hr =
5
x
hours
=
|
.
|
\
|
60
5
x
Time taken to walk at 6 km/hr =
6
x
hours
=
|
.
|
\
|
60
6
x
Since the difference between the two times
taken is (7 + 5 =) 12 minutes
12x 10x = 12
or, 2x = 12
x =
2
12
= 6
Alternative Method:
Let x km be the distance between her house
and school and t hours be the time required
to reach the school from her house.
When Shivangi walks at 5 km/hr, then
60
7
5
+ = t
x
....(i)
When Shivangi walks at 6 km/hr, then
60
5
6
= t
x
or
12
1
6
= t
x
....(ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i), we
get
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
12
1
60
7
6 5
t t
x x
or,
5
1
60
12
60
7 5
60
7
12
1
30
= =
+
= + =
x
x =
5
30
= 6
Hence the required distance = 6 km
4. Let the required distance be x km.
Difference of time taken at different speeds
= (40 + 30) minutes = 70 minutes
=
60
70
hours =
6
7
hours
3
x
hours
4
x
hours
According to the question,
6
7
4 3
=
x x
or,
6
7
12
3 4
=
x x
or,
6
7
12
=
x
or, x =
12
6
7
= 14
Distance of the destination = 14 km
K
KUNDAN
5. Let the distance of the school be x km.
Time taken in first case =
4
x
hours
But this time is 15 minutes late or
4
1
60
15
=
hours late
Actual time for reaching the school in time
should be
|
.
|
\
|

4
1
4
x
hours
Time taken in second case =
6
x
hours
But this time is 5 minutes early or
12
1
60
5
|
.
|
\
|
=
hours early.
Actual time for reaching the school in time
should be
|
.
|
\
|
+
12
1
6
x
hours
From the above, we have

|
.
|
\
|
+ = |
.
|
\
|

12
1
6 4
1
4
x x
or,
12
1 2
4
1 +
=
x x
or, 8 8 12 12 + = x x
or, 20 4 = x
or, x = 5 km
The distance of the school be 5 km and
actual time to reach school in time =
4
) 1 ( x
= 1 hour
The required speed is 5 km/hr.
6. Let the origi nal speed and di stance be
V km/hr and D km respectively.
Time taken to complete the whole journey
=
V
D
hours.
When the person moves 3 km/hr faster, then

60
40
V
D
3 V
D
=
+
or,
3
2
V
D
3 V
D
=
+
or,
3
2
3 V
D
V
D
=
+
or,
( ) 3
2
3 V V
DV 3D DV
=
+
+
or,
( ) 3
2
3 V V
3D
=
+
or,
( )
9
3 V 2V
D
+
=
....(i)
When the person moves 2km/hr slower, then

60
40
V
D
2 V
D
+ =
or,
3
2
V
D
2 V
D
+ =
or,
3
2
V
D
2 V
D
=
or,
3
2
2) V(V
2D DV DV
=
+
or,
3
2
2) V(V
2D
=
or,
3
2) V(V
D

=
....(ii)
Combining equations (i) and (ii), we get

3
2) V(V
9
3) 2V(V
=
+
or, 2(V + 3) = 3(V 2)
or, 2V + 6 = 3V 6
or, 3V 2V = 6 + 6
or, V = 12 km/hr
Putting the value of V in equation (ii),
we get D =
3
10 12
= 40 km.
7. Case I: When the cars are moving in the same
direction.
Let A and B be two places and C be the place
of meeting.
Let the speed of car starting from A be x km/hr
and the car starting form B be y km/hr.
Relative speed = (x y) km/hr
(x y) 8 = 80
or, x y = 10 ...(i)
Case II: When the cars are moving in the
opposite directions and they meet at point C.
Relative speed = (x + y) km/hr
Time taken = 1 hour 20 minutes
=
3
4
3
1
1 |
.
|
\
|
= +
hours
Again, according to the question,

80
3
4
) ( = + y x
K
KUNDAN
or, x + y = 60 ...(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we have
x = 35 and y = 25
Speeds of the cars
= 35 km/hr and 25 km/hr.
8. Suppose the distance is x km and the speed
of the train is y km/hr.
Thus we have two relationships:
(1) y x
y
x
4
3
4
3
60
45
= = =
(2) ) 5 (
5
4
5
4
60
48
5
= = =
y x
y
x
From (1) and (2), we have

) 5 (
5
4
4
3
= y y
or,
4
4
3
5
4
= |
.
|
\
|
y
or, y =
15 16
20 4
= 80 km/hr
Therefore speed = 80 km/hr and distance
x = 80
4
3
= 60 km
9. Half of the original speed means double the
normal time. It means that the car should
have covered half of the distance of 100 km,
ie 50 km, in 2 hours.
Hence, the original speed of the car
=
|
.
|
\
|
2
50
= 25 km/hr
10. Distance covered by train
=
3
1
193
km =
3
580
km
Time taken by the train to cover this distance
=
4
1
4
hours =
4
17
hours
Total stoppage during the journey
= 10 1 + 5 2 + 3 1
= 23 minutes =
60
23
hours
Actual time taken by the train to cover the
above distance
=
60
23
4
17
=
60
23 15 17
=
60
232
60
23 255
=
=
15
58
hours
Average speed of the train =
15
58
3
580
km/hr
=
3 58
15 580
= 50 km/hr
11.
Let A and B meet after t hours.
Let the speed of B be x km/hr.
Speed of A = (x + 4) km/hr
Distance covered by A in t hours = 60 + 12
= 72 km
Distance covered by B in t hours = 60 12
= 48 km
xt = 48 ....(i)
(x + 4)t = 72 ....(ii)
On dividing equation (ii) by equation (i), we
have

2
3
48
72 4
= =
+
x
x
or, 2x + 8 = 3x
or, x = 8
Speed of A = 8 km/hr
12. Time after which the bomb is set to explode
= 1 minute = 60 seconds
Speed of the man = 13 m/sec
Distance covered by man in 60 sec
= 13 60 = 780 metres
So, distance to be travelled by sound before it
catches up with army man = 780 metres
Speed of the sound = 325 m/sec (given)
Since the man and sound are travelling in
the same direction, the relative speed of sound
= (325 13 =) 312 m/sec
Time taken by sound to travel 780 metres
=
312
780
= 2.5 sec
Now, duri ng thi s ti me man would have
travelled further. So, distance covered by man
in 2.5 seconds = 2.5 13 = 32.5 m
The total distance travelled by man
= 780 + 32.5 = 812.5 metres.
13. X P Y
l l l
Let the speed of the person who starts from X
be x km/hr and speed of the person who starts
from Y be y km/hr.
Time taken by the person who starts from X
= 5 am 2 am = 3 hours
K
KUNDAN
Time taken by the person who starts from Y
= 9 am 4 am = 5 hours
Again, let the distance between X and Y be D
km.
x km/hr =
3
D
and y km/hr =
5
D
If the person starting from X reaches the
meeting point after t hours, person starting
from Y will reach the meeting point after
(t 2) hours. Since the person starting from
X starts moving at 2 am while the person
starting from Y starts moving at 4 am. And
the difference of time = (4 am 2 am)= 2 hours
Distance (XP) travel l ed by the person
starting from X =
|
.
|
\
|
t
3
D
km
and the distance (YP) travelled by the person
starting from Y = (
) 2 (
5
D
t
km
Total distance travelled by both before meeting
= Distance travelled by person from X +
Distance travelled by person from Y
=
D ) 2 (
5
D
3
D
= |
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
t t
or,
D
5
2
3
D = |
.
|
\
|
+
t t
or,
1
5
2
3
=
+
t t
or,
1
15
6 3 5
=
+ t t
or, 8t 6 = 15
or, 8t = 15 + 6 = 21
or, t =
8
5
2
8
21
=
hours
Converti ng this i n hours, mi nutes and
seconds, we get 2 hours 37 minutes and 30
seconds.
[
8
5
2
hours = 2 hours +
|
.
|
\
|
60
8
5
minutes
= 2 hours +
2
1
37
2
75
|
.
|
\
|
=
minutes
= 2 hours + 37 minutes +
2
1
minutes
= 2 hours + 37 minutes +
|
.
|
\
|
= 60
2
1
30 seconds
= 2 hours 37 minutes and 30 seconds]
14. Let the distance for A be x km
Number of hours A walks daily = (24 9 =) 15
hours
Number of days = 50 days
Speed (in km/hr) =
15 50
x
..... (1)
In second situation
Let the number of days be Y
Distance = 2x
Number of hours for which A walks daily = 6
hours
Speed in second case (in km/hr)
=
6 Y
2
Time
Distance
=
x
..... (2)
In both the cases, the speed remains the same

15 50
2
6 Y
2
x x
or, Y 6 = 50 15
or, Y =
6
15 50
= 125 days
15. Total distance travelled = 3990 km
Ratio of time spent in travelling by air, water
and land = 1 : 16 : 2
Ratio of respective speeds = 20 : 1 : 3
From the given fact, the ratio of respective
distances will be 20 : 16 : 6 = 10 : 8 : 3
Sum of the ratios = 10 + 8 + 3 = 21
Distance travelled by steamer will be
=
21
8
3990
= 1520 km
16. Let the distance between station A and station
B be d km.
Again, let the initial speed of the goods train
be x km/hr.
As the accident takes place after 1 hour
distance covered in 1 hour by the goods
train = x km
Remaining distance = (d x) km
Total time taken, if no accident happened
=
|
.
|
\
|
x
d
hours
Case I:
Time taken by the goods train to cover the
distance
=
5
4 60
30
1
x
x d
+ +
= (

+ +
x
x d
4
) ( 5
2
1
1
hours

2
4
) ( 5
2
1
1 + =
+ +
x
d
x
x d
K
KUNDAN
or,
2
1
4
5 ) (
+ =
x
d
x
x d
or,
2
1
4
5 ) (
=
x
d
x
x d
or,
2
1
4
4 5 5
=

x
d x d
or,
2
1
4
5
=
x
x d
or, 2d 10x = 4x
or, 2d = 14x
or, d = 7x ....(i)
Case II:
If the goods train had covered 80 km more
before the accident, then the distance of site
of the accident = (x + 80) km
Remaining distance = [d (x + 80)] km
Time taken to cover the whole of the distance
=
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ + |
.
|
\
| +
5
4
) 80 (
60
30 ) 80 (
x
x d
x
x
hours

1
5
4
) 80 (
60
30 80
+ =
+
+ +
+
x
d
x
x d
x
x
or,
1
4
] 80 ( [ 5
2
1 80
1 + =
+
+ + +
x
d
x
x d
x
or,
x
d
x
x d
x
=
+
+ +
4
)] 80 ( [ 5
2
1 80
or,
x
d
x
x d
= +
+
2
1
4
400 5 5 320
or,
x
d
x
x d
= +

2
1
4
80 5 5
or,
x
x d d
4
80 5 5 4
2
1 + +
=
or, 2x = 5x d + 80
Putting the value of d from equation (i), we
have
2x = 5x 7x + 80
or, 4x = 80
x =
4
80
= 20
Hence original speed of the train
= 20 km/hr.
Distance between the stations A and B
= d = 7x (From i)
= (7 20) = 140 km.
17. Let the distance be D km and speed be the x
km/hr
From the question, we have

12
5 D
60
25 D
3
4 ) 50 D ( 50
+ = + =
+
x x x x
or,
x
x
x 12
5 D 12
3
200 D 4 150 +
=
+
or,
x
x
x 12
5 D 12
3
50 D 4 +
=
or, x 5 D 12 200 D 16 + =
4D 5x = 200 ... (i) and

60
35 D
3
4 ) 26 D ( 24 50
+ =
x x x
x
x
x 12
7 D 12
12
7 D +
= + =
or,
x
x
x x 12
7 D 12
3
104 D 4 26 +
=
+
or,
x
x
x 12
7 D 12
3
104 D 4 78 +
=
+
or,
x
x
x 12
7 D 12
3
26 D 4 +
=
or, 104 7 D 4 = x .... (ii)

Now, subtracting equation (ii) from equation
(i), we have
2x = 96
x = 48 km/hr
Put the value of x in equation (i) and find the
distance (D)
or, 4D 5 48 = 200
or, 4D = 200 + 240 = 440
D =
4
440
= 110 km.
18. Time for work per day in first condition
= (24 9 =) 15 hours
Time for work per day in second condition
= (24 9 2 =) 6 hours
Here we have four quanti ties : Speed,
Di stance, Work and Days. We have to
calculate number of days. Hence, Days will
be i n the l ast column. Here f ol l owi ng
relationships exist:
More speed, less days (Inverse)
More distance, more days (Direct)
Less hours of work, more days (Inverse)
Hence,
x : 40 ::
15 : 6
2 : 1
1 : 2
or, 2 1 6 : 1 2 15 :: 40 : x
(Compounding the ratios)
K
KUNDAN
or, 2 1 6 x = 1 2 15 40
(Product of extreme terms =
Product of mean terms)
x =
6 1 2
40 15 2 1

= 100
Hence the required time = 100 days.
19. Let A starts from point X, B starts from point
Y and they meet after t hours.
P
Y X
A B
XP = 4 t = 4t km
YP = 2 + 2.5 + 3 + .... t terms
This is an AP.
Sum of an AP =
( ) | | d n a
n
1 2
2
+
where n = number of terms, a = first term
and d = common difference
YP = (
+ =
(
+
2
1
2
4
2 2
1
) 1 ( 2 2
2
t t
t
t
=
4
7
4 4
7
4 4
2
2 2 2
t t t t t t
t
+
= + = +
But it is given that XY = 72 or XP + PY = 72

4
7
2
t t +
+ 4t = 72
or, 7t + t
2
+ 16t = 288
or, t
2
+ 23 t - 288 = 0
or, t
2
+ 32 t 9t - 288 = 0
or, t (t + 32) 9 (t + 32) = 0
or, (t + 32) )(t 9) = 0
t + 32 = 0
or, t = 32 (Not possible)
t 9 = 0
or, t = 9
They meet after 9 hours.
20. Let the trains A and B travel at speed of x and
y km/hr respectively and meets 10 hours after
departure.
From the figure it can be seen that
AC = (x 10) km
BC = (y 10) km
AC + BC = x 10 + y 10
or, 650 = 10(x + y)
or, x + y = 65
In the second situation when the other train
starts after 4 hours and 20 minutes
4 hours and 20 minutes
=
3
13
3
1
4
60
20
4 = =
hours
Distance covered by train A in
3
13
hours
= AP = x
3
13
=
3
13x
Both the trains meet 8 hours after train A
leaves P. Now if they meet at C
1
then
PC
1
= 8 x = 8x km
BC
1
= 8 y = 8y km
8x + 8y =
3
13
650
x
or,
( )
3
13
650 8
x
y x = +
or,
3
13
650 65 8
x
=
or,
130 520 650
3
13
= =
x
or, x =
13
3 130
= 30 km/hr
Speed of train A = 30 km/hr
Speed of train B = (65 30) km/hr
= 35 km/hr
21. As given, speed of the train P = 25 km/hr
Speed of the train Q = 20 km/hr
Speed of the train R = 30 km/hr
P
Q
B A Q
1
P
1
R
1
R
Y X
33 km
25 t
30 t
20 t
87.5 km
Distance travelled by train P between 8:00 to
11: 30
ie in
2
1
3
hours =
5 . 87
2
175
25
2
7
= =
km
Distance travelled by train Q between 9 : 51
to 11 : 30 ie. in
1 hour 39 minutes =
20
20
33
20
60
39
1 =
= 33 km
Assume that trains P and Q are at A and B
respectively at 11 : 30 am. Also assume that t
minutes after 11 : 30 am, train P was
equidistant from train Q and train R. At the
equidistant position train P, Q and R were at
P
1
, Q
1
and R
1
.
XP
1
= XA + AP
1
= (87.5 + 25 t) km
XQ
1
= XB + BQ
1
= (33 + 20 t) km
P
1
Q
1
= XP
1
XQ
1
= (87.5 + 25 t) - (33 + 20 t)
= (54.5 + 5 t) km
Distance RR
1
= 30 t km
K
KUNDAN
P
1
R
1
= Total distance - XP
1
- RR
1

= 220 - (87.5 + 25 t) - 30 t
= (132.5 - 55 t) km
P
1
Q
1
= P
1
R
1
5t + 54.5 = 132.5 - 55 t
or, 60 t = 78 or t =
60
60
78
minutes
or, t = 78 minutes
So 78 minutes after 11 : 30 am ie at 12 : 48
pm train P will be equidistant from train Q
and R.
XP
1
= 87.5 + 25 t = 87.5 + 25
60
78
= 87.5 + 32.5
XP
1
= 120 km
At 120 km away from station X, trains would
be at equal distances.
22.
Let R be the meeting point.
Let the speed of train from P = x km/hr and
that from Q = (x + 8) km/hr
Both trains meet after 6 hours
(x 6) + (x + 8) 6 = 336
or, 6x + 6x + 48 = 336
or, 12x = 336 48 = 288
or, x =
12
288
= 44
Speed of one train = 24 km/hr
Speed of the other train = (24 + 8 =)32 km/hr
23. Distance between 2 trees on a 2-km road
=
|
.
|
\
|
1 201
1000 2
= 10 m
Number of trees planted on both sides of a
50-km road
= (
+ |
.
|
\
|
1
10
1000 50
2
= 10002

Speed, Time and Distance

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Chapter-26

Speed, Time and Distance

metre per second

The distance from Delhi after which

or, 25y - 240 = 20y + 12x

metres = 200 metres.

or, 104 7 D 4 = x .... (ii)

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