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2.8 Logarithmic Differentiation

This document discusses logarithmic differentiation, a procedure for differentiating functions of the form u(x)v(x), where u and v are both functions of x. It provides examples of applying logarithmic differentiation to find the derivatives of functions such as f(x)=xx, f(x)=xsinx, and g(x)=xlnx. The document concludes with an assessment test asking to find the derivatives of several functions using logarithmic differentiation.

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Karl Michael Briones
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57 views9 pages

2.8 Logarithmic Differentiation

This document discusses logarithmic differentiation, a procedure for differentiating functions of the form u(x)v(x), where u and v are both functions of x. It provides examples of applying logarithmic differentiation to find the derivatives of functions such as f(x)=xx, f(x)=xsinx, and g(x)=xlnx. The document concludes with an assessment test asking to find the derivatives of several functions using logarithmic differentiation.

Uploaded by

Karl Michael Briones
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

7 Logarithmic Differentiation
(MAT060 - Calculus with Analytic Geometry 1)

NESTOR G. ACALA, PhD

Mathematics Department
Mindanao State University Main Campus
Marawi City
nestor.acala@msumain.edu.ph
The previous theorem shows how to differentiate functions of the form au , where
a is a constant and u is a variable. The following procedure called logarithmic
differentiation illustrates how to differentiate functions of the form u (x )v (x ) ,
where u and v are both function of x.

Steps in logarithmic differentiation: Let y = f (x ).


1. Take ln or log on both sides and simplify.
2. Differentiate implicitly and solve for dy /dx or y 0 .
3. Solve for y in terms of x.
Example Find the derivative of the function f (x ) = x x using logarithmic
differentiation.

Solution: Let y = x x . Then

ln y = ln x x
ln y = x ln x
1 0 1
y = x · + ln x · 1 = 1 + ln x
y x
0
y = y (1 + ln x )
f 0 (x ) = x x (1 + ln x ).
Example Find the derivative of the function f = x sin x using logarithmic
differentiation.

Solution: Let y = x sin x . Then

ln y = ln x sin x
ln y = sin x ln x
1 0 1 sin x
y = sin x · + ln x · cos x = + ln x · cos x
y x x
sin x + x ln x · cos x
=
x
Hence,
 
0 sin x + x ln x · cos x
y = y = x −1 y (sin x + x ln x · cos x )
x
f 0 (x ) = x −1 x sin x (sin x + x ln x · cos x )
= x −1+sin x (sin x + x ln x · cos x )
Example. Find the derivative of the function g (x ) = x lnx using logarithmic
differentiation.

Solution: Let y = x ln x . Then

ln y = ln x ln x
ln y = ln x ln x = (ln x )2
1 0 1
y = 2(ln x ) · = 2 ln x · x −1
y x
Hence,

y 0 = y (2 ln x · x −1 )
= x −1 y (2 ln x )
g 0 (x ) = x −1 x ln x (2 ln x )
= 2x −1+ln x ln x .
Example. Find the derivative of each of the following using logarithmic
differentiation.
√
x
1. f (x ) = x
2. f (x ) = (cos x )x
x
3. g (x ) = x2
4. h(z ) = x cos x
x
5. f (x ) = x e
ASSESSMENT TEST

NAME: SIGNATURE:
SECTION: DATE:
SCORE:
Find the derivative of each of the given functions.
1. f (x ) = x ln x
2. f (x ) = (1 − 2x )sin(1−2x )
3. y = (cot 3x )5−3x

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