First - Aid Common Emergencies and Safety Practices in Outdoor Activities

The Education, Religion Institutions and Health

OBJECTIVES:
 Characterized safety practices in outdoor activities
 Identify ways to prevent sport-related injuries.
 Determine the safety protocols during MVPA participation.

First- aid
• First aid refers to the emergency or immediate care you should provide when a person
is injured or ill until full medical treatment is available. For minor conditions, first aid
care may be enough. For serious problems, first aid care should be continued until more
advanced care becomes available.

First- aid of common emergencies

Here are the 5 Steps to First Aid:
• 1- Recognize the emergency.   Does someone look like they’re in trouble?   If so, ask
them, “Are you OK?”
• 2-Call 911 if you think you should.   Remember, you don’t need their agreement to call
EMS (Emergency Medical Services) – 911.   (You only need their agreement to touch
them
• 3-Ask them questions in case the situation escalates to unconsciousness.    “Are you
allergic to anything?   Are you on a medication?”
• 4-Be kind and calm.   Your compassionate and gentle smile, your reassurance that
they’re “going to be OK” is a type of care.
• 5-Be a Steward of the person.   Some folks have old, incorrect ideas about how to
handle a problem.
Then, try to remember and apply the DRSABC action plan or flow that is described as follows
D
• DANGER–always check first the danger and source of injury. Make sure the
surroundings are safe and out of danger, otherwise, you will also allow yourself to be a
victim.
B
• RESPONSE – Check for response: ask their name, squeeze their shoulders.
S
• SEND FOR HELP- Call 911 for an ambulance or ask another person to make the call.
A
AIRWAY – Open patient’s mouth.
• If foreign material is present:
• place patient in recovery position.
• clear airway with fingers.
• Open airway by tilting head with chin lift.
B
• BREATHING – Check for breathing: look, listen and feel.
• What action plan that we need to look, listen and feel for the casualty?

If the patient’s breathing is normal:

• place patient in recovery position
• monitor breathing
• manage injuries
• treat for shock.
• If the patient’s breathing is not normal start CPR.
C
• CPR (CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION) – if an adult is unconscious, no pulse, and
not breathing, perform the CPR until the emergency personnel or medics arrive.
How to administer CPR to an infant, child, or adult
Guidelines and key steps

Hearthsaver  
Adult CPR AED
 Tap and shout.
 Shout for help- Send someone to phone 9-1-1 and get an AED
 Look for no breathing or only gasping.
 Push hard and fast at a rate of
 100 to 120 compressions per minute
 Open the airway and give 2 breaths
 Repeat sets of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
 When the AEC arrives, turn it on and follow the prompts-

Most Common Injuries

Cut/Scrape
• Scrapes (abrasions) are skin wounds that rub or tear off skin. Most scrapes are
shallow and do not extend far into the skin, but some may remove several layers of
skin. Usually there is little bleeding from a scrape, but it may ooze pinkish fluid. 
• Cut/Scrape: If there is bleeding, press firmly over the site with a clean cloth until it
stops, anywhere from three to 15 minutes.
Burn:
• Burns are tissue damage that results from heat, overexposure to the sun or
other radiation, or chemical or electrical contact. Burns can be minor
medical problems or life-threatening emergencies.
• Burn: Immediately hold injury under cold running water or apply a cold,
wet towel until the pain subsides. Cover any small blisters with a loose bandage or
gauze and tape.
Insect Bite/Sting:
• Stings and bites from insects are common. They often result in redness and
swelling in the injured area. Sometimes a sting or bite can cause a life-
threatening allergic reaction or transmit pathogens (viruses, bacteria, or
parasites, for example) to humans.
 • Insect Bite/Sting: If the insect left a stinger, gently scrape the skin with your fingernail to
remove it without breaking it. Refrain from using tweezers because that can squeeze
more venom out of the stinger, causing further injury. 
Splinter:
• Splinter injuries are common, but larger and deeper splinters are often difficult
and painful to remove at home. These splinters often present as a foreign body
embedded in the superficial or subcutaneous soft tissues. 
• Use soap and water to wash around the splinter. Clean a pair of tweezers with
rubbing alcohol and slowly pull the splinter out. Rewash the skin. If you come
across a fragment that is hard to remove, leave it for a day or so to see if it will
come out on its own.
Nosebleed:
• A nosebleed is the loss of blood from the tissue that lines the inside of your nose.
• Sit upright and don’t tilt your head back. Loosen any tight clothing around your
neck. Pinch the lower end of the nose close to the nostrils and lean forward while
you apply constant pressure for five to ten minutes. 

Sprains, Strains, and Tears:

• A sprain is an injury affecting the ligaments—tough bands of tissue which
connect bones and joints—most often in the form of tears that result from
excessive overstretching. Sprains typically occur as a result of quick twisting or
otherwise awkward movement, including falls. 
• Strains occur when muscle fibers or tendons tear, usually as a result of sudden
movements—they can also come from repetitive motion and are common
amongst tennis players, golfers and field hockey players. A strain may lead to
muscle spasms, swelling, cramping, and difficulty moving the affected area,
which is typically confined to the legs, arms, neck and back. 
RICE METHOD
Rest
the injured area for 48 hours
Ice
for 20 minutes at a time, 4 to 8 times per day
Compress
to help reduce swelling
Elevate
the injured limb 6 to 10 inches above the heart

Fractures:
• are also known as broken bones.
• Fractures are broken bones, and they can occur as a result of falls or
other harsh impacts. When this happens, the affected part should be
immobilized, and additional manipulation of the affected area should be
avoided. 
Concussions
• Concussions occur when a blow to the head is suffered and are not
uncommon in contact sports, including football, soccer and even baseball.
Symptoms of concussion may include: loss of consciousness, blurring
vision, vomiting and memory loss.
• Rest is one of the most important treatments for a concussion because it
helps the brain to heal. Rest nearly completely for the first few days after
 a head injury, then slowly begin to “exercise your brain.” The unused, “stagnant” brain
remains stagnant if not used and lengthens recovery.

Injury Prevention Tips

1. Pre-workout Warm-up
2. Practice Proper Technique
3. Right Equipment
4. Stay Hydrated
5. Know When to Stop

Terminologies
• Dehydration is the absence of a sufficient amount of water in your body. The best
way to beat dehydration is to drink before you get thirsty. If you’re thirsty, you’re
already mildly dehydrated, and that can cause symptoms like headache, fatigue,
dizziness and more. Dehydration can contribute to life-threatening illnesses like
heatstroke.
• Overexertion- When you push yourself too hard, it’s known as overexertion. This
involves physical or mental effort that’s beyond your current abilities.
• Hypothermia- Hypothermia is caused by prolonged exposures to very cold
temperatures. When exposed to cold temperatures, your body begins to lose
heat faster than it’s produced. Lengthy exposures will eventually use up your
body’s stored energy, which leads to lower body temperature.
• Hyperthermia- Hyperthermia is an abnormally high body temperature
caused by a failure of the heat-regulating mechanisms of the body to deal
with the heat coming from the environment. Heat fatigue, heat syncope
(sudden dizziness after prolonged exposure to the heat), heat cramps, heat
exhaustion and heat stroke are commonly known forms of hyperthermia. 

Peta 1: individual
1. “Energizer”.
2. Make a dance video presentation individually, for energizer in our flag ceremony @
March 14, 2022.
3. This video presentation, will be submitted on March, 10, 2022 only. And I will give you a
link where you will submit it.
 Environmental Hazards and Risk Management in Outdoor Activities
OBJECTIVES
 Identify the hazard of outdoor activities and general safety measure.
 Respond to a target health issues and concern that can addressed through outdoor activities.
 Determine The Steps to Risk Assessment

What is the difference between hazard and risk?

WHAT DOES HAZARD MEAN?
A "hazard" means a situation or thing that has the potential to harm a person. Hazards in your business
may include: noisy machinery, a moving forklift, chemicals, electricity, working at heights or a repetitive
job at your workplace. or inappropriate behaviour that adversely affects a worker's safety and health.

WHAT DOES RISK MEAN?

A "risk" is the possibility that harm (death, injury or illness) might occur when exposed to a hazard in
your workplace.

THEORY OFACCIDENTS - HOW ACCIDENTS OCCUR

HOW DO YOU DEFINE AN ACCIDENT?
Definition - chance or what happens by chance; an event that happens when quite unlooked for; an
unforeseen and un-designed injury to a person; an unexpected happening; a casualty; a mishap.
Accidents happen. You are expected to be prepared and to mitigate the risks.

THEORY OF ACCIDENTS - HOW ACCIDENTS OCCUR

Environmental Hazards
• Terrain
• Weather
• Equipment
Human Factor Hazards
 Physical Condition
 Experience
 Skills
 Fear
 Communication
Accident Potential

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
1. Activity Static - activities in which the environment is relatively unchanging (e.g. hiking)
• Dynamic - activities in which the environment changes very quickly in unpredictable ways
(e.g. whitewater paddling, biking)
2. Location & terrain In remote locations you need to exercise additional precautions. One
common method of accomplishing this is to list remoteness as an environmental hazard.
4. Season/Climate Weather and the possibility of weather changes also have a significant Impact
on Accident Potential.

• UV RAYS
 • POISON IVY
• INSECTS
• LIGHTNING
• COLD
• HEAT STRESS
• TICKS
• SNAKES
• SPIDERS

EQUIPMENT
• BROKEN STOVE
• BOOTS NOT BROKEN IN
• IMPROPER CLOTHING
• INOPERATIVE EQUIPMENT

HUMAN FACTOR HAZARDS

A) Participants
• No awareness of hazards
• No skills to avoid hazards
• Resistance to instructions
• Need to "prove" self, macho attitude
• Poor physical strength, stamina
• Fear, anxiety

REDUCING THE ACCIDENT POTENTIAL

• Environmental Briefing
• A comprehensive Safety Program allows one to intervene to prevent Human Factor Hazards
from overlapping with Environmental Hazards and thereby reducing the Accident Potential.

THERE ARE 3 MAIN STEPS TO THE MANAGEMENT OF RISK IN ANY OUTDOOR EDUCATION PROGRAM.
1. Risk identification
2. Risk assessment
3. Risk Reduction

RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDE FOR OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

A risk assessment is a systematic process that involves identifying, analyzing and controlling hazards and
risks. It is performed by a competent person to determine which measures are, or should be, in place to
eliminate or control the risk in the workplace in any potential situation.
THE 5 STEPS TO RISK ASSESSMENT
Step 1: Identify the hazards
In order to identify hazards you need to understand the difference between a 'hazard' and 'risk'. A
hazard is 'something with the potential to cause harm' and a risk is 'the likelihood of that potential harm
being realised'.
Step 2: Decide who might be harmed and how
Step 3: Evaluate the risks and decide on control measures
Step 4: Record your findings.
Step 5: Review your assessment and update as and when necessary.

Atend
Energizer
Music: Pamela one tiktok version ni vong navaro
What is a risk assessment?
 A checklist that identifies hazard and risks

What is the purpose of a risk assessment?

 They can help you eliminate risks and input control measures

A student who spots a risk in the workplace should?

 Report it to a supervisor or teacher

OBJECTIVES:
Respond to a target health issues and concern that can addressed through outdoor activities.
Identify different types of organized recreation.
Organized In fitness events for a target health issues and concern.
 
WHAT ARE THE LEADING CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN THE PHILIPPINES?
Top five causes of deaths in the PH
 Ischaemic heart disease
 Neoplasms
 Cerebrovascular diseases
 Diabetes Mellitus
 Pneumonia

• THE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH ARE DISEASES OF THE HEART, DISEASES OF THE VASCULAR
SYSTEM, PNEUMONIAS, MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS/CANCERS, ALL FORMS OF TUBERCULOSIS,
ACCIDENTS, COPD AND ALLIED CONDITIONS, DIABETES MELLITUS, NEPHRITIS/NEPHRITIC
SYNDROME AND OTHER DISEASES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. (DOH)

ORGANIZED RECREATION
• ORGANIZED SPORT AND PHYSICAL RECREATION REFERS TO ACTIVITIES ORGANIZED BY A CLUB
OR RECREATION ASSOCIATION SUCH AS A SPORTING BODY, A SOCIAL CLUB, CHURCH GROUP,
OLD SCHOLARS ASSOCIATION OR GYMNASIUM NON-ORGANIZED SPORT AND PHYSICAL
RECREATION REFERS TO ACTIVITIES NOT ORGANIZED BY A CLUB OR RECREATION ASSOCIATION

7 types of organized recreation

VOLUNTARY NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION
• THESE ARE NO -GOVERNMENTAL, NONPROFIT AGENCIES, BOTH SECTARIAN AND NON-
SECTARIAN WHICH SERVE THE PUBLIC AT LARGE WITH MULTISERVICE PROGRAMS THAT OFTEN
INCLUDE A SUBSTANTIAL ELEMENT OF RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITY. BOY SCOUTS, GIRL
SCOUTS, YMCA, YWCA AND YM-YWHA.

PRIVATE MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATION

 • THEY PROVIDE RECREATIONAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THEIR OWN MEMBERS AND IN
SOME CASES ASSIST COMMUNITY RECREATION NEEDS. EXAMPLES ARE GOLF, TENNIS, YACHT,
ATHLETIC AND COUNTRY CLUBS.

COMMERCIAL RECREATION ENTERPRISES

• THESE ARE PRIVATELY OWNED BUSINESSES WHICH OPERATE MAKE A PROFIT SUCH AS SKI
CENTERS, BOWLING ALLEYS, NIGHTCLUBS, MOVIE HOUSES, THEATERS, HEALTH SPAS, OR
FITNESS CENTERS, DANCING SCHOOLS AND THEME PARKS.

EMPLOYEE RECREATION PROGRAMS

• THEY SERVE THOSE WHO WORK FOR COMPANIES OR EMPLOYERS BY PROVIDING RECREATION
AS A PART OF A TOTAL PERSONNEL BENEFITS PACKAGE, LINKED TO OTHER SERVICES
CONCERNED WITH EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND FITNESS.

ARMED FORCES RECREATION

• ALTHOUGH IT IS OBVIOUSLY A FORM OF GOVERNMENT- SPONSORED ACTIVITY, IT IS UNIQUE IN
ITS SETTING AND PURPOSE. EACH OF THE MAJOR BRANCHES OF THE ARMED FORCES OPERATE
AN EXTENSIVE NETWORK OF RECREATION FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS.

CAMPUS RECREATION
• INCLUDED INTRAMURAL ATHLETICS OR SPORTS CLUBS, SOCIAL ACTIVITIES, TRAVEL PROGRAMS,
PERFORMING ARTS GROUPS, ENTERTAINMENT, LOUNGES, FILM SERIES, AND OTHER FORMS OF
RECREATION ON COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES.

THERAPEUTIC RECREATION SERVICES

• INCLUDES ANY TYPES OF PROGRAM DESIGNED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF PERSONS WITH
PHYSICAL OR MENTAL DISABILITIES, INDIVIDUALS WITH POOR HEALTH, DEPENDENT AGING
PERSONS, SOCIAL DEVIANT PERSONS IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES AND SIMILAR SPECIAL
GROUPS.

5 TIPS FOR ORGANIZING OUTDOOR EVENTS.

1. MAKE SURE YOUR EVENT WILL WORK IN AN OUTDOOR SETTING
2. ENSlJRE THERE'S Α SlJlTABLE VENlJE (AND GET ΤΗΕ PROPER PERMITS)
3. РАУ ATTENTION ТО ТНЕ WEATHER AND НАVE А BACKUP PLAN
4. DON'T FORGET YOlJR EQUIPMENT
5. KEEP YOUR GUESTS COMFORTABLE

THE BENEFITS OF ORGANIZED RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY AND MENTAL HEALTH

 • PARTICIPATION IN SPORT AND RECREATION ACTIVITIES CAN REDUCE STRESS, ANXIETY AND
DEPRESSION. PARTICIPATION IN GROUP RECREATION PROVIDES A SENSE OF VALUE,
BELONGING AND ATTACHMENT.

PETA 2
1. "Slogan Making" individual work or out put.
2. You will suggest on how to encourage the person to participate in any organized events through
a slogan.
3. Use arts/ coloring materials and be creative. The word must be English language. The slogan
must be contain ten(10) important words.
4. 4.The date for the submission will be on March 28, 2022.
C. Event Risk Assessment Form

Event Name: Tree planting Date: March 10, 2022 Venue: Back of the School

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Activity / Area of Hazards Persons at Risk Current Risk Actions to be Taken to Minimize each Risk New Risk Factor
Concern Identified i.e.: who could Factor (High. i.e.: what action can you take to lower the level of (High. medium or low)
i.e.: what is taking i.e.: what can be harmed by medium or low) risk i.e.: risk factor after
place as part of the cause harm? the hazard? i.e.: determine action taken to
event? the level of risk minimize the risk
Planting of tree Allergic People with
High Disallows people with allergy to participate N/A
seeds reaction allergies
Excavating soil to Bacterial People with
Medium Use gloves and use antibacterial alcohol N/A
plant trees in infection wound
Removal of nail in People with
Tetanus High Send to the hospital immediately N/A
the area wound
Lifting pots of tree
Injury of lifting People Low Adult must only the one that lift N/A
seeds

Name of person completing Risk Assessment (printed):

Signature: …………………………………………………………… Date: …………………………