1

MTH 30105/MTH 30605

MATHEMATICS
TOPIC 4 – Integration – 2

Prepared by : Tee Lee Hong

Presented by : Afiq Arif Aminuddin Jafry
 2

Outline:
oIntegration for exponential function
oIntegration of trigonometric function
oIntegration of any other form of functions
Integration by substitution
Integration by parts
oDefinite integrals
 3

Integration – Exponential function

 4

Exponential function - formulas

Let’s recall:
Differentiation: Integration:
 5

Exponential functions - Formula

 6

Exponential function – Integration by substitution

 7

Exponential Function – Exercise 1

Solve ∫ 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥−2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑.

Solution:
 8

Exponential Function – Exercise 2

1
𝑥𝑥+8
Solve ∫ 𝑒𝑒 5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Solution:

1
� 𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥+8 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Let:
1
𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 + 8
5
= � 𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢 . 5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
=
= 5 � 𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 5

= 5𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1
= 5𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥+8 + 𝑐𝑐
 9

Exponential function - formula

 10

Exponential function, 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥

Let recall:
𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
𝑎𝑎 = 𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 ln 𝑎𝑎
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Thus,
� 𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 ln 𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

And
𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥
� 𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = +
ln 𝑎𝑎 ln 𝑎𝑎
𝒂𝒂𝒙𝒙 𝒄𝒄
∫ 𝒂𝒂𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = + 𝒌𝒌, where 𝒌𝒌 =
𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒂𝒂 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒂𝒂
 11

Exponential function, 𝑎𝑎𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢+𝑣𝑣

𝒂𝒂𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖+𝒗𝒗
� 𝒂𝒂𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖+𝒗𝒗 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = + 𝒄𝒄
𝒖𝒖 (𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒂𝒂)

Derivative of ux+v
 12

Exponential function – Exercise 3

Find the integral for the following:
a) ∫ 4𝑥𝑥+1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
b) ∫ 73𝑥𝑥+4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Solution:
4 𝑥𝑥+1
a) ∫ 4𝑥𝑥+1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐
(ln 4)

73𝑥𝑥+4
b) ∫ 73𝑥𝑥+4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑 + 𝑐𝑐
(ln 7).𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(3𝑥𝑥+4)
73𝑥𝑥+4
= + 𝑐𝑐
(ln 7) 3
 13

Trigonometric function
 14

Trigonometric functions
Let recall:
Differentiation Integration
= sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

sin 2𝑥𝑥
= + 𝑐𝑐
2

sin 3𝑥𝑥
= + 𝑐𝑐
3
 15

Trigonometric function
Differentiation Integration

= −cos 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

c𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 2𝑥𝑥
=− + 𝑐𝑐
2

c𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 3𝑥𝑥
=− + 𝑐𝑐
3
 16

Trigonometric function - substitution

 17

Trigonometric function – Exercise 4

𝜋𝜋
Solve ∫ sin 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑.
4

Solution:
 18

Integration of other functions (product of functions)

 19

Integration by Substitution – Example 1

 20

Integration by substitution – Exercise 5

Solve ∫ 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 3 + 5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Solution:
 21

Integration by substitution – Example 2

 22

Integration by substitution – Exercise 6

Solve ∫ 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 − 1 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Solution:
Let:
� 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 − 1 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= �(𝑢𝑢 + 1)𝑢𝑢3 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢
=1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= � 𝑢𝑢4 + 𝑢𝑢3 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑢𝑢 + 1
𝑢𝑢5 𝑢𝑢4
= + + 𝑐𝑐
5 4
(𝑥𝑥 − 1)5 (𝑥𝑥 − 1)4
= + + 𝑐𝑐
5 4
 23

Integration by parts
Learning outcomes:

Use integration by parts to find indefinite integral of function formed by

product of two functions
 24

Integration by parts
� 𝒖𝒖 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖 − � 𝒗𝒗 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅

Let’s watch a video on how to solve integration by parts:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKg88oSUv0o
 25

Integration by parts
RULES to choose u:

LIATE
Logs
Algebra Exponential.

Trig.
Inverse Trig.
 26

Integration by parts – Example 1

� 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Let:
𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
Deriv =1 Integ.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

� 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − � 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 − � 𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
 27

Integration by parts – Exercise 7

� 𝑥𝑥 ln 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 − � 𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Let:
𝑢𝑢 = ln 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 𝑥𝑥 2
Deriv = 𝑣𝑣 = Integ.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 2
1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 2 1
� 𝑥𝑥 ln 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ln 𝑥𝑥 −� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 2 𝑥𝑥
1 2 1
= 𝑥𝑥 ln 𝑥𝑥 − ∫𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 2
 28

Integration by parts – Exercise 7

1 2 1
= 𝑥𝑥 ln 𝑥𝑥 − � 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 2
1 2 1 𝑥𝑥 2
= 𝑥𝑥 ln 𝑥𝑥 − + 𝑐𝑐
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
= 𝑥𝑥 ln 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
2 4
 29

Definite integrals
If 𝑓𝑓 be continuous on a closed interval 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏 .

The definite integral of 𝑓𝑓 from a to b is given by:

𝒃𝒃
𝒃𝒃
� 𝒇𝒇 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝑭𝑭(𝒙𝒙) 𝒂𝒂 = 𝑭𝑭 𝒃𝒃 − 𝑭𝑭(𝒂𝒂)
𝒂𝒂
 30

Definite integrals – Example 1

1 𝑥𝑥
Evaluate ∫−1 2 − 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3

Solution:
1 1
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2
� 2 − 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2𝑥𝑥 −
−1 3 3(2) −1
1
𝑥𝑥 2
= 2𝑥𝑥 −
6 −1
1 1
= 2 − − −2 −
6 6
=4
 31

Definite integral – Exercise 8

2
Evaluate ∫1 2 − 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Solution:
2 2
2 − 𝑥𝑥 4
� 2 − 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =
1 4(−1) 1
2
2−𝑥𝑥 4
= −
4 1
0 14
= − − −
4 4
1
=
4
 32

THANK YOU~