SANITARY
SEWAGE DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
BUS - PLUMBING AR. JOHN OMBINA,uap,rmp,reb
DEFINITION
The wastewater containing;
human excrements (BLACK WATER) SEPTAGE
liquid household wastes (GREY WATER) SULLAGE
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
COMPONENT SYSTEMS
D DRAINAGE
W WASTE
V VENT
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
COMPONENT SYSTEMS
SANITARY OR SOIL DRAINAGE SYSTEM –
conveys discharges from water closet, urinal or
fixtures (containing fecal matter) having similar
functions, with or without discharges from other
fixtures.
WASTE DRAINAGE– conveys only wastewater or
liquid waste free of fecal matter.
VENT SYSTEM– ensures efficient circulation of
air for relieving negative pressure exerted on
traps seals.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
COMPONENT SYSTEMS
STACK – vertical main of a system of soil,
waste or vent pipes extending through one
or more stories and extended thru the
roof.
BRANCH – any part of the piping system
other than a main, riser or stack.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
HOUSE/BUILDING DRAIN – a part of the lowest
horizontal piping which receives the discharges
from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside
of a building and conveys it to the house sewer.
HOUSE/DRAINAGE SEWER – extends from the
house drain at a point 0.60 meters from the
outside face of the foundation wall of a building to
the junction with the street sewer or to any point
of discharge, and conveying of one building site.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
TRAP– fitting or device designed and constructed to
provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal which
prevents the backflow of foul air or methane gas
without materially affecting the flow of sewage or
wastewater through it.
CLEAN-OUT – fitting or device which provides a
convenient access to the sanitary system pipes to
clear clogs and debris.
FIXTURE – a receptacle other than a trap attached
to a plumbing system in which water or wastes may
be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into
the plumbing system.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
TYPES OF PERMISSIBLE TRAPS
A. COMMON P-TRAP
•Used for lavatories, kitchen sinks,
laundry tubs & urinals
•Commonly made of nickel,
chrome plated brass, galvanized
copper & PVC
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
TYPES OF PERMISSIBLE TRAPS
B.DEEP SEAL P-TRAP
•Water seal is about twice that of
common P-trap
•Used for extreme conditions since
resealing quality is greater
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
TYPES OF PERMISSIBLE TRAPS
C. STAND TRAP
•Used for fixtures such a slop sinks
that are usually built low in the
ground, leaving little space for a
foundation & a trap
•Serves as a water seal and
structural support for the fixture
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
TYPES OF PERMISSIBLE TRAPS
D. RUNNING TRAP
•Used within the line of the house
drain
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
OTHER TRAPS
A. DRUM TRAP
•Has a larger diameter
•Used for fixtures that discharge
large of amount of water
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
OTHER TRAPS
C. PORTABLE GREASE TRAP
Used for kitchen
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
TYPES OF PROHIBITED TRAPS
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEPTIC TANK – a water-tight receptacle which receives
the discharge of a sanitary plumbing system or part
thereof, designed and constructed to retain solids,
digest organize matter through a period of detention
and to allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside
of the tank.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
ESSENTIALS PARTS OF
SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEPTIC TANK TECHNICAL DATA
MINIMUM DIMENSIONS – (L)1500MM, (W)1200MM, (D)900MM
SEPTIC TANK DESIGN
COMPARTMENTS
❑Shall have a minimum of 2 compartments:
First compartment: not less than 2/3 capacity of the total
capacity of tank; not less than 2 cum liquid capacity; shall be
at least 0.9 m width and 1.5 m long; Liquid depth not less
than 0.6 m nor more than 1.8 m.
Secondary compartment: maximum capacity of 1/3 total
capacity of tank; minimum of 1 cum liquid capacity
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEPTIC TANK DESIGN
❑In septic tanks having over 6 cum capacity, the secondary
compartment should be not less than 1.5 m in length.
❑maintain a slope of 1:10 at the bottom of the digestion chamber
to collect the sludge and make it easily accessible from the
manhole
❑Shall have at least two (2) manholes
❑508 mm in min dimension; one over inlet, other over outlet.
Wherever first compartment exceeds 3.7 m in length, an
additional manhole required over the baffle wall.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEPTIC TANK DESIGN
LOCATION
❑Should not be located underneath the house
❑At least 15 meters from the water distribution system
STRUCTURE
❑Shall be capable of supporting an
earth load of not less than 14.4 kPa
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEPTIC TANK DESIGN
CAPACITY
❑The capacity of septic tanks is determined by the number of
bedrooms or apartment units in dwelling occupancies; by the
estimated waste/sewage design flow rate for various building
occupancies; or by the number of fixture units of all plumbing
fixtures; whichever is greater.
❑The capacity of any one septic tank and its drainage system
shall also be limited by the soil structure classification in its
drainage field.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
TERMINOLOGIES
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
TERMINOLOGIES
FAMILY – one person living alone or a group GRADE – is the slope or fall of a line of
living together, whether related to each other by pipe with reference to a horizontal
birth or not plane. A.K.A. PITCH
PERSON – natural person, his, heirs, executors, BATTERY OF FIXTURES – any of two or
administrators, assigns,and also aincludes a firm, more similar adjacent fixtures which
partnership or corporation, its or their successors discharge into a common horizontal soil
or assign or agents of any of the aforesaid or waste branch
AIRGAP, DRAINAGE – unobstructed vertical DRAIN – a pipe, which carrie ground
distance between the lowest opening from any and surface waters, storm water or
pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance or wastewater into a building drainage
appurtenance conveying waste to flood level rim system
of the receptor.
TERMINOLOGIES
COMMON – that part of a plumbing system CONFINED SPACE – a room or space having
designed and installed to serve more than (1) a volume less than 1.4cum with 250kg calorie
appliance, fixture, building or system of the aggregate input rating of all fuel-
burning appliances installed in that space.
STOREY – that portion of a building included
between the upper surface of any floor and UNCONFINED SPACE – a room or space
the upper surface of the floor next above having a volume of at least 1.4cum with 250kg
calorie of the aggregate input rating of all
SHAFT – a vertical opening through a building fuel-burning appliances installed in that
for elevators, dumbwaiters, lights, ventilation space. rooms adjacent and open to the space
or similar purposes. where appliance is installed, through
CHASE – a vertical shaft for installation of openings not furnished with doors, are
different pipe stacks considered a part of the unconfined space.
TERMINOLOGIES
FIXTURE UNIT – is a n arbitrary quantity in terms of which the
load-producing effects or water requirements on the plumbing
system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in
some arbitrary chosen scale.
WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNIT (WSFU)
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (DFU)
TERMINOLOGIES
PRIVY – an outhouse or structure used for the deposition of excrement
CESSPOOL – a non water-tight lined excavation in the ground which receives
the discharge of a sanitary drainage system or part thereof, designed similar
to septic tank but permits the liquid to seep through the bottom and sides of
the cesspool
SEPTIC TANK – a water-tight receptacle which receives the discharge of a
sanitary plumbing system or part thereof, designed and constructed to retain
solids, digest organic matter through a period of detention and disposal
TERMINOLOGIES
PIPE/TUBE – a cylindrical conduit or conductor conforming
to a particular dimensions
INVERT - the lowest portion of the interior part of any pipe
or conduit that is not vertical
CROWN- the upper portion of the interior part of any pipe or
conduit that is not vertical
SPRINGLINE - horizontal line located at the pipe's widest
part. In circular pipes this level exactly divides the pipe into
two equal halves
TERMINOLOGIES
DIAMETER – UNLESS SPECIFICALLY STATED, THE TERM
“DIAMETER” IS THE NOMINAL DIAMETER AS DESIGNATED
COMMERCIALLY
I.D. DENOTES INSIDE DIAMETER - PIPE
O.D. DENOTES OUTSIDE DIAMETER - TUBE
TERMINOLOGIES
BATHROOM – A ROOM EQUIPPED WITH A SHOWER STALL OR
BATHTUB
HALF BATH – A BATHROOM THAT CONTAINS A TOILET AND
SINK
FULL BATH– A BATHROOM THAT CONTAINS A TOILET AND
SINK, SHOWER OVER/WITH BATH TUB.
3/4 BATH – A BATHROOM THAT CONTAINS A TOILET AND
SINK AND SHOWER ONLY.
TERMINOLOGIES
BRANCH – any part of the piping FIXTURE BRANCH – ***
system other than a main, riser or stack
FIXTURE DRAIN – the drainpipe from the
BRANCH INTERVAL – a length of soil or trap of a fixture to the junction of the drain
waste stack corresponding in general to with any other drainpipe.
a story height, but in no case less than
2.43 meter within which the horizontal TRAP ARM – that portion of a fixture drain
branches from one flow or story of a between a trap and the vent
building are connected to the stack
TERMINOLOGIES
HORIZONTAL BRANCH – drain pipe
extending laterally from a soil or waste
stack or building drain with or without
vertical sections or branches, which PRIMARY BRANCH – the single sloping
receives the discharge from one or more drain from the base of the to its junction
fixture drains and conducts it to the soil with the main building drain
or waste stack or to the building drain
SECONDARY BRANCH – any branch in a
building drain other than the primary
branch
TERMINOLOGIES
TRAP – a fitting or device design and
constructed to provide, when properly
vented, a liquid seal which prevents the
backflow of foul air or methane gas without
materially affecting the flow of sewage or
wastewater through it
INTERCEPTOR – device designed and
installed to separate and retain deleterious,
hazardous or undesirable matter from normal
wastes and permits normal sewage or liquid
wastes to discharge into the disposal
terminal by gravity
TERMINOLOGIES
GREASE TRAP – device designed to retain grease from one to
maximum of four fixtures
*can only handle flow rate of waste water of less than 50 gpm.
GREASE INTERCEPTOR – similar to grease trap that can serve
one or more fixtures, but; is remotely located
*can handle flow rate of waste water of more than 50 gpm.
TERMINOLOGIES
STACK – the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent
pipings extending through one or more stories and extended
thru roof
WASTE STACK - ***
SOIL STACK – a vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter and
wastewater
TERMINOLOGIES
PLUMBING APPLIANCE – any one of a special
class of device or equipment intended to
perform a special plumbing function
PLUMBING APPURTENANCE – a
manufactured device or a prefabricated
assembly or an on-the-job assembly of
component parts, and serves as adjunct to the
basic piping system and plumbing fixtures. it
performs some useful functions in the
operation, maintenance, servicing, economy or
safety of the plumbing system
TERMINOLOGIES
VENT STACK – the vertical vent pipe
installed primarily for providing circulation
of air to and from any part of the soil,
waste of the drainage system
STACK VENT – the extension of a soil or
waste stack above the highest horizontal
drain connected to the stack. (SVTR)
VENT SYSTEM
VENT SYSTEM
WET VENT - DRY VENT
LOOP VENT/CIRCUIT VENT - LOOPED VENT
UNIT VENT/DUAL VENT/COMMON VENT
INDIVIDUAL VENT
GROUP VENT
LOCAL VENT
CONTINUOS VENT
RELIEF VENT -YOKE VENT
VENT SYSTEM
WET VENT– that portion of a vent pipe
through where wastewater also flows through
DRY VENT– a vent that does not carry liquid
or water-borne wastes
VENT SYSTEM
LOOP VENT–a vertical vent connection on
a horizontal soil or waste pipe branch at a
point downstream of the last fixture
connection and turning to a horizontal line
above the highest overflow level of the
highest fixture connected thereat (a.k.a.
CIRCUIT VENT)
VENT SYSTEM
LOOPED VENT–an alternate way of venting the trap
installed on an under counter island sink or other similar
applications where a conventional vertical vent stack or
air admittance valve is not feasible or allowed.
VENT SYSTEM
UNIT VENT– an arrangement of venting so
installed that one vent pipe will serve two (2)
traps (a.k.a. DUAL VENT )
INDIVIDUAL VENT– a pipe installed to vent a
fixture trap and which connects with the vent
system above the fixture served or terminates
in the open air
VENT SYSTEM
RELIEF VENT– a vertical vent line, the primary
function of which is to provide additional circulation of
air between the drainage and vent systems or to act as
an auxiliary vent on a specially designed system such as
a “yoke vent” connection between the soil and vent
stacks
VENT SYSTEM
YOKE VENT– a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste
stack below the floor and below horizontal connection to an
adjacent vent stack at a point above the floor and higher than
highest spill level of fixtures for preventing pressure changes
in the stacks
VENT SYSTEM
GROUP VENT– a branch vent that performs in
the functions for two(2) or more traps
CONTINUOUS VENT– a vertical vent that is a
continuation of the drain to which the vent
connects
LOCAL VENT– a pipe or shaft to convey foul air
from a plumbing fixture or a room to the outer
air
VENT SYSTEM
AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE (STUDOR SYSTEM)– offer
a substitute for running vent pipes to the outside of
buildings. These valves open automatically to let fresh
air into the sanitary system if there is a decrease in air
pressure within the system. The valves close
automatically, to avoid the discharge of foul air,
whenever the pressure in the system is equal to or
greater than the external pressure.
These are not suitable for upstream venting of a main
drain (unless there are two upstream vents, in which
case one may be an air admittance valve).
SOIL & WASTE
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR
SANITARY DRAINAGE
GENERAL DESIGN RULES
A. The pipes should take the shortest possible route to
the house sewer or the terminating point of the
Sanitary system
B. Control components such as clean-outs, traps, and
vents, should be located strategically so as to ensure
efficient circulation
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR
SANITARY DRAINAGE
Grade of Horizontal Drainage
Piping (NPC, Sec. 302)
2% or 20mm/m
Exception: When it is impractical to obtain a
slope of 2%, 102 mm and 152 mm pipes in
dia may have a slope of not less than 1%
(10.5 mm/m) and those 203 mm dia pipes
and larger may have a slope of not less
than 0.5% (5.3 mm/m)
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR
SANITARY DRAINAGE
INSTALLATION OF CLEAN OUTS
❑Each clean-out shall be installed so it opens with the direction of
flow or at right angles to the direction of flow except in the case
of a wye branch.
❑Each 90° clean-out extension shall be constructed from a wye
fitting or an approved fitting of equivalent sweep.
❑Each clean-out 51 mm or less shall have a front clearance of not
less than 305 mm; those 51 mm or more shall have a front
clearance of 450 mm.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR
SANITARY DRAINAGE
❑Clean-outs in underfloor piping shall be extended to or above
finish floor or shall be extended outside the building when there
is less than 450 mm vertical clearance or 750 horizontal clearance
to the means of access.
❑No underfloor clean-out for residential occupancies shall be
located more than 6.1 m from an access door, trap door or crawl
hole.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR
SANITARY DRAINAGE
CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF DRAINAGE FLOW
(NPC, Sec. 303)
A. Allowed Fittings
B. Horizontal to Vertical Pipes
C. Horizontal to Horizontal Pipes
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR
SANITARY DRAINAGE
Changes in Direction of Drainage Flow (NPC, Sec. 303)
A. Allowed Fittings
22.5°, 45°, 60°, Bend Sanitary Wye
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR
SANITARY DRAINAGE
Changes in Direction of Drainage Flow (NPC, Sec. 303)
B. Horizontal to Vertical Pipes
No fitting having more than one inlet at the same level shall be
used unless such fitting is constructed so that the discharge
from one inlet cannot directly enter into the other inlet.
Vertical installation of sanitary tees may be used when the
barrel of the fitting is at least (2) pipe size larger than the
largest side inlet.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR
SANITARY DRAINAGE
Changes in Direction of Drainage Flow (NPC, Sec. 303)
C. Horizontal to Horizontal Pipes
Horizontal drainage line connecting to other horizontal
drainage lines shall enter through 45 degrees wye
branches, combination wye and 1/8 bend branches, or
other approved fittings of longer sweeps.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PRIVATE SEWAGE
DISPOSAL SYSTEM
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
❑Common in rural areas for structures with large adjacent open
fields
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
❑Dependent on the required septic tank capacity or estimated
sewage flow rate, whichever is greater, and;
❑No excavation for leach bed shall extend within 1.5 m of the water
table.
❑Filter material in the trenches shall terminate 1.5 m from pit
excavation and the pipe extending from such points to the seepage
pit shall be watertight.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
SEEPAGE PIT
a loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the
discharge of a septic tank; designed to permit effluent to seep
through pit bottom and sides
❑CAPACITY. based on the quantity of liquid waste and on the character
and porosity of the surrounding soil.
❑SIZE. Circular in shape with excavated diameter of not less than 2.2 m
and to be lined with clay or concrete brick.
❑STRENGTH. Circular in shape with excavated diameter of not less than
2.2 m and to be lined with clay or concrete brick.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
MULTIPLE SEEPAGE PIT
served through a distribution box
or shall be connected in series by
means of a watertight connection.
The outlet shall have a vented leg
fitting extending 304.8 mm below
the inlet fitting.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
CESSPOOL
a non-watertight lined excavation
in the ground which receives the
discharge of a sanitary drainage
system, designed to retain the
organic matter but permitting the
liquid to seep through the pit
bottom and sides
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
PRIVY
oldest form of disposal of organic
waste. Consists of a vault
constructed of concrete for the
collection of raw sewage and a
wooden shelter
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
GENERAL GUIDELINES
MIN. HORIZONTAL DISPOSAL SEEPAGE
BLDG SEPTIC
DISTANCE IN CLEAR FIELD PIT OR
SEWER TANK
REQUIRED FROM CESSPOOL
1 Buildings or 0.6 m 1.5 m 2.4 m 2.4 m
structures*
2 Property line Clear** 1.5 m 1.5 m 2.4 m
Adjoining private
Property
3 Water supply 15.2 m 15.2 m 30.5 m 45.7 m
wells
4 Streams 15.2 m 15.2 m 15.2 m 30.5 m
5 Trees - 3m - 3m
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
GENERAL GUIDELINES
MIN. HORIZONTAL DISPOSAL SEEPAGE
BLDG SEPTIC
DISTANCE IN CLEAR FIELD PIT OR
SEWER TANK
REQUIRED FROM CESSPOOL
6 Seepage pits or - 1.5 m 1.5 m 3.7 m
Cesspools
7 Disposal field 1.5 m 1.2 m 1.5 m
8 On site domestic 0.3 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m
Water service line
9 Pressure public 3m 3m 3m 3m
Water main
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEWERS
WASTEWATER
THREE DEGREES
❑GREY WATER (OR AREA WATER)
Waste water with the exception of human wastes
From laundries, wash basins, sinks, tubs, etc.
❑BLACK WATER
Water plus solid and liquid human wastes
❑STORM WATER
Rainwater only
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEWERS
THREE DEGREES
❑GREY WATER (OR AREA WATER)
Waste water with the exception of human wastes
From laundries, wash basins, sinks, tubs, etc.
❑BLACK WATER
Water plus solid and liquid human wastes
❑STORM WATER
Rainwater only
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEWERS
CLASSIFICATION OF SEWERS
❑STORM SEWER
Carries rainwater runoffs
❑SANITARY SEWERS
Carries regular sanitary wastes only
Terminates in a modern sewage disposal plant for treatment
❑COMBINATION PUBLIC SEWER
Carries both storm & sanitary wastes
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEWERS
TWO TYPES OF SANITARY SEWERS
❑TRIBUTARY SEWER
Termination points of individual units or
structures
Usually round shaped, with diameters
between 0.60 to 1.2 meters
Made of vitrified clay or cement pipes; often
installed by the curb line, before the street
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEWERS
TWO TYPES OF SANITARY SEWERS
❑INTERCEPTING SEWER (COLLECTING SEWERS)
Termination points of tributary sewers
Placed much lower in the ground, from 4 to 30 meters in
depth
Varies in shape but have a diameter or effective opening
ranging from 0.60 to 3 meters
Sloped at an angle of 1:50 or 2%
Lifting stations are placed at certain intervals and pumps or
sewage ejectors are used to lift the waste; sewers terminate
at the disposal plant
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEWERS REQUIRED
❑Drainage pipes of all buildings shall be connected to the public sewer.
When not available, they shall be connected to an approved private
sewage disposal system
❑Public sewer may be considered as not being available if it is more
than 61 meters from any proposed building or exterior drainage
facility.
Exception: Single family dwellings with an existing private sewage disposal
system may not be connected to a new public sewer when no hazard, nuisance
or unsanitary condition is evident and when there is no sufficient grade or fall
existing to permit proper drainage flow by gravity to the public sewer.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
SIZE OF SEWER
❑The minimum size of any building sewer shall be determined on the
basis of the total number of fixture units drained by such sewer. No
building sewer shall be smaller than 150 mm diameter nor less in size
than the building drain.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
LOCATION OF SEWERS
❑Building sewer or drainage pipe of clay or materials which are not
approved for use within a building shall not be laid in the same trench
as water pipes unless:
(1) the bottom of the water pipe is 0.3M above
the top of the sewer pipe (NPC 1208.1.1),
(2) the water pipe is placed on a solid shelf
excavated at one side of the common trench
with a minimum horizontal distance of at least
0.3 m from the sewer or drain pipe (NPC
1208.1.2).
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
UNLAWFUL SEWER PROVISION
❑It is unlawful to discharge any ashes, cinders, solids, rags, flammable,
poisonous, explosive liquids or gases, oils, grease, and other things
whatsoever which would cause damage to the public sewer or private
disposal system.
❑No cesspool and septic tank effluents, seepage pit or under drain
system shall be connected to the excreta building sewer leading to a
public sewer main.
❑. No commercial food waste grinder shall be connected to a private
or public sewage disposal system.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
COMMON MISTAKES IN
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DRAINAGE CONDITIONS
BACKFLOW – flow of water or other liquids, mixture or substances
into the distributing pipes of potable supply of water from any
source other than from its intended source
SIPHONAGE – a suction created by the flow of liquids in pipes.
a pressure less than the atmospheric
BACKPRESSURE – resistance or force opposing the desired
flow of liquid through pipes
DRAINAGE CONDITIONS
BACKFLOW CONNECTION – condition or any arrangement
whereby reverse flow can occur
BACKPRESSURE BACKFLOW – occurs due to an increased reverse
pressure above the supply pressure due to pumps, boilers, gravity of
other sources of pressure
BACK-SIPHONAGE – the flowing back of used, contaminated or
polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply
pipe due to negative pressure in such pipe
PROHIBITED FITTINGS &
PRACTICES (NPC, SEC 311)
PROHIBITED FITTINGS &
PRACTICES (NPC, SEC 311)
No double hub fitting for lead
caulked joint in vertical
position shall be used as
drainage fitting, except that a
double hub sanitary tapped
tee may be used on vertical
lines a fixture connection.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PROHIBITED FITTINGS &
PRACTICES (NPC, SEC 311)
No drainage or vent piping shall
be drilled and tapped for making
connections thereto.
No vent pipe shall be used as a
soil or waste pipe.
Single drainage and venting
systems with unvented branch
lines are prohibited.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PROHIBITED FITTINGS &
PRACTICES (NPC, SEC 311)
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PROHIBITED FITTINGS &
PRACTICES (NPC, SEC 311)
CROSS CONNECTION
a connection between the clean
water plumbing system and any
other source, which may
contribute to the degradation of
the quality of clean water.
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PROHIBITED FITTINGS &
PRACTICES (NPC, SEC 311)
CROSS CONNECTION : AVOIDANCE
A. CREATE AIR GAP
B. USE BACK FLOW PREVENTERS
BUS - PLUMBING SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEM
PROTECTION OF PIPING, MATERIALS
AND STRUCTURES (NPC, SEC 314)
All pipes passing under or through walls shall be protected from
breakage with embedded metal pipe sleeves.
Void between pipes and sleeves through concrete floors in the
ground shall be appropriately sealed with bitumen.
All drainage pipes shall be installed under or within 0.6 meter of
any building or structure, nor less than 0.3 meter below the ground
surface.
HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
(NPC, SEC 315)
Vertical Pipes. Keep the pipes in alignment and carry its weight and
content.
Horizontal Pipes. Keep the pipes in alignment and prevent sagging.
HANGERS AND SUPPORTS
(NPC, SEC 315)
Material Vertical Horizontal
Cast Iron Soil Every storey or closer Joints: ≤ 1.50m intervals
Pipe (CISP) Pipes > 1.5m : ≤ 1.50m intervals
Screwed (Iron) Not less than every ≤19mm dia: Every 3m intervals
Pipe other storey ≥25mm dia: Every 3.6m intervals
Copper Tubing Each storey or at max. ≤38mm dia: Every 1.8m intervals
intervals of 3mon center ≥51mm dia: Every 3m intervals
Lead Pipe ≤ 1.20m on center with a ≤ 1.20m on center with a rigid
rigid vertical back-up vertical back-up
Plastic Pipe Every 1 meter interval Every 1 meter interval
