PLUMBIN

G
 PLUMBING
• Defined as the art and science of installing
pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to convey
and supply water in buildings and to dispose
and discharge waste and other liquids, gases
and other substances out of buildings in safe,
orderly, healthy and sanitary way to ensure
the health and sanitation of life and property.
PLUMBER is the title given to a person who is
skilled in the field of sanitation. It was derived
from the ancient Roman word Plumbarius
which was taken from the Latin word
Plumbum.
- Plumbarius refers to an individual
who worked in the sanitary field of
ancient Rome.

- Plumbum on the other hand,

meant lead.
 Plumbing in the Philippines
WATER SUPPLY WASTE DISPOSAL
• In the absence of an • Due to the outbreak of epidemics brought
efficient water supply, by the worsening unsanitary condition,
water was provided the government introduced programs to
address the situation, massive education
through abundant rain fall, on proper sanitation was initiated. Water
wells, springs, rivers, or supply systems were constructed in some
creeks, conveyed through urban areas. Model toilets were built.
improvised bamboo pipes, Low cost concrete water seal closet was
or carried either man introduced to the rural residents backed
himself, or through animal up by the local ordinances, requiring
every residence to have a sanitary
drawn carts, or sleds and comfort room with proper sewage
were stored in an earthen disposal system known as, Septic Tank.
 Objectives of
Plumbing
Plumbing has Two Main Objectives
1.To supply water to different parts of the building.
2.To remove and discharge human wastes and other
substances out of the building into public sewer or septic
tank.

Conditions for an Effective Water Supply in

Building
3. To provide sufficient amount of water to supply each
fixture.
4. To prevent back flow of used water into the water supply
Objectives of
Plumbing
The Drainage System should Accomplished
the following:
1.Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability
of leakage and stoppage of drains.
2.To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious
gases into the house from piping the system.
 Objectives of
Plumbing
Mandatory Requirements for a Drainage System
1.All pipes joints must be well fitted tightly connected with
each other to prevent leakage of gas and liquid.
2. The drainage pipe should be graded or inclined properly
for a downward gravity flow of water towards the septic
tank.
3.The drainage pipe should be provided with adequate
cleanout, accessible for repair in case of stoppage.
 Objectives of
Plumbing
Mandatory Requirements for a Drainage System
4. The drainage system must be provided with ventilation
pipe that will convey gases to the atmosphere where it can
do no harm to human health.
5. Except for water closet, each fixture shall be provided
with suitable trap that will prevent back flow gases.
6. The drainage system must be vented to avoid back flow of
water seal.
 Plumbing Design
Unlimited
The design layout of a plumbing system is governed by set
of rules promulgated by the National Plumbing Code. The
Code does not imposed a fixed standard design of piping
layout of the placing and location of the various plumbing
fixtures. And to think the unlimited design of these fixtures
goes with the different types of plumbing system.
While we subscribed to the health and safety
requirements prescribed by the National Plumbing Code,
unlimited designs are to be expected from various designers.
The routing of the entire plumbing, the location of the
outlets and cleanouts plus other related installations are
subject to considerable freedom
 The Drainage
System
Waste is classified into two types:
1.Solid Waste is being discharged by water closet and
2.Liquid Waste are coming from various fixtures.

Types of Wastes are also Conveyed and Disposed of

by two types of drainage piping.
3. Soil Pipe- pipes that convey waste from coming from
water closet.
4. Waste Pipe- any pipe that conveys waste from various
fixtures other than water closet.
 The Drainage
System
The Drainage Installation is Sometimes
Referred to:
D- For drainage of solid waste
W- For waste coming from various fixtures other
than water closet
V- Refers to the ventilation of the piping system
The Drainage
System
 Definition of
Terms
Air Gap- is the unobstructed vertical distance through the
free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe
or faucet supplying water to the tank, plumbing fixture, or
other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle.
Back Flow- is the flow of water or other liquid mixture or
substances into the distributing pipes of a potable water
from any source, other than its intended source.
Back Siphonage- refers to the back flow of used
contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or
vessel into a water supply due to a negative pressure in such
a pipe.
Air Gap Back
Siphonage
 Battery of Fixture- refers to any group of two or more
similar adjacent fixtures which discharges into a common
horizontal waste pipe or soil branch.
Bib- is synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc. The
word faucet is preferred.
Blind Flange- A flange that closes the end of a pipe.
There is no opening for the passage of water.
Blow off- A controlled outlet on a pipeline used to
discharge water.
Branch- Is any part of piping system other than the main
riser or stack.
Blind Blow off
Flange
 Branch Interval- Is the length of a soil or waste stack
corresponding in general to a storey height, but in no case
less than 2.40 meters within which the horizontal branches
from one floor or storey of a building are connected to the
stack.
Branch vent- Is a vent connecting one or more individual
vents with a vent stack or stack vent.
Calking- Is plugging an opening with oakum, lead or
other materials that are pounded into the place or opening.
Circuit vent- Is a branch vent that serves two or more
traps, and extends from the front of the last fixture
connection of a horizontal branch to the vent stack.
 Circuit
Branch Vent
Vent Calking
 Continuous vent- is a vertical vent that is a continuation
of the drain to which the vent connects.
Combination Fixtures- Is a fixture combining one sink
and tray or a two or three compartment sink or tray in one
vent.
Combination Waste and Vent System- Is a specially
designed system of waste piping embodying the horizontal
wet venting of one or more sinks of floor drains by means of
a common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide
free movement of air above the flow line of the drain.
Common vent- Is a drain from two or three fixture
connected to a single trap. It is also called a dual vent.
 Combination
Continuous
Waste and
Vent
Vent System
 Cross Connection- is any physical connection between
two otherwise separate piping system, one contains potable
water, and other from unknown or questionable safety,
whereby, water may flow from one system to the other
direction of flow depending on the pressure differential
between the two systems.
Dead End- Is the extended portion of a pipe that is closed
at one end permitting the stagnation of water or air therein.
Developed Length- The length along the center of the
pipe and fitting.
Diameter- Diameter of a pipe or tube refers to the
nominal internal diameter (ID) of such pipe, except brass and
copper tube where the term refers to the outside diameter
 Drainage System- Drainage system includes, all piping
within the public or private premises that conveys sewage,
rainwater, or other liquid waste to a legal point of disposal. It
does not include the mains of public sewer system private or
public sewerage treatment or disposal plant.
Dry vent- A vent that does not carry water or water borne
wastes.
Effective Opening- Is the minimum cross sectional area
at the point of water supply discharge, measured or
expressed in terms of diameter of a circle. If the opening is
not a circle, the diameter of a circle that is equivalent to the
cross sectional area. (This is applicable to air gap)
Dead End Drainage
System
 Existing Work- shall apply to that portion of a plumbing
system that has been installed and approved prior to the
contemplated addition, alteration or correction.
Fixture Branch- Is a pipe connecting several fixtures.
Fixture Drain- Is the drain from the trap of a fixture to
the junction of that drain with any other drain pipe.
Fixture Supply- Is a water supply pipe connecting the
fixture with the fixture branch.
Fixture Units- Is a quantity in terms of which the load
producing effects on the plumbing system of different kinds
of plumbing fixtures are expressed on some arbitrarily
chosen scale.
 Fixture Unit Flow Rate- Is the total discharge flow in
gallons per minute of a simple fixtures divided by 7.5 gallons
that provides the flow rate of that particular plumbing fixture
as a unit of flow. Fixtures are rated as multiple of this unit of
flow.
Flood Level- Is device located inside the tank for the
purpose of maintaining water level for effective flushing of
the water closet.
Ferrule- a metallic sleeve called or otherwise joined to a
opening in pipe into which a plug is screwed that can be
removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the
interior of the pipe.
Flush Valve- Is the device located at the bottom of the
Dry Vent Flood
Level
Ferrule Flash
Valve
 Flashometer Valve- is a device which discharges a
predetermined quantity of water to the fixture for flushing
purposes activated by direct water pressure.
Grade- Is the slope or fall of pipe in reference to a
fraction of an inch per foot length of pipe.
Group Vent- A branch vent that performs its function for
two or more traps.
Horizontal Pipe- means any pipe or fitting which makes
an angle of more than 45 degree with the vertical.
Invert- Is the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or
conduit that is not vertical.
Flashometer Invert
Valve
 Liquid Waste- Is the discharge from any fixture,
appliance or appurtenance in connection with a plumbing
system which does not receive fecal matter.
Local Vent Pipe- Is a pipe on the fixture side of the trap
through which vapor or foul air is removed from a room or
fixture.
Looped Vent- Is the same as Circuit Vent except that it
loops back and connects with a stack vent instead of a vent
stack.
Lateral- In plumbing, it is a secondary pipe. In sewage, a
common sewer to which no other common sewer is tributary.
It receives sewage only from building sewer.
Looped Lateral
Vent
 Main- The main of any system of continuous piping is the
principal artery of the system to which branches maybe
connected.
Main Sewer- Is a sewer line or system directly controlled
by public authority.
Main Vent- Is the principal artery of the venting system
to which branches maybe connected.
Plumbing Fixtures- are installed receptacles, devices, or
appliances which are supplied with water, or which receives
or discharges liquid or liquid borne waste, with or without
discharge into drainage system which maybe directly or
indirectly connected.
 Plumbing System- The plumbing system includes the
water supply distribution pipes, plumbing fixtures and traps;
soil, waste and vent pipes; house drain and house sewers
including their respective connection, devices and
appurtenances within the property lines of premises; and
water treating or water using equipment.
Relief Vent- A relief vent’s primary function is to provide
circulation of air between drainage and vent system.
Re-vent Pipe- A re-vent pipe (sometimes called individual
vent) is that part of the vent pipe line which connects
directly with an individual waste or group of wastes,
underneath or back of the fixtures, and extend either to the
main or branch vent pipe.
 Riser- is a water supply pipe which extend vertically one
full storey or more to convey water to branches or fixtures.
Rough-in- Is the installation of all parts of the plumbing
system which can be completed prior to the installation of
fixtures. This include drainage, water supply, vent, piping
and the necessary fixture supports.
Return Bend- An open return bend usually read inside
threats, but applied also to 180 degrees bend in pipe.
Public Sewer- Is a common sewer directly controlled by
public authorities where all abutters have equal rights of
connections.
Sanitary Sewage- The sewage containing human
excrement and liquid household waste. It is also called
 Riser
Re-vent
Rough-in Return
Bend
 Sanitary Sewer- A sewer intended to receive sanitary
sewage with or without industrial wastes and without the
admixture of surface water, storm water or drainage.
Secondary Branch- Any branch in a building drain other
than the primary branch.
Sewerage of Sewage Work- Is a comprehensive term
including all construction or collection, transportation,
pumping, treatment and final disposition of sewage.
Siamese Connection- Is a Y connection used on fire lines
so that two lines of hose maybe connected to a hydrant or to
the same nozzle.
 Standpipe- A vertical pipe usually used for the storage of
water, frequently under pressure.
Side Vent- Is a vent connecting to the drain pipe through
a fitting at an angle not greater than 45 degrees or to the
vertical.
Soil Pipe- Is any pipe that conveys the discharge of water
closets or fixture having similar functions, with or without
the discharge from other fixtures, to the building drains
(house drain) or building sewer (house sewer).
Stack- Is the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or
vent pipe.
Stack Group- Is a term applied to the location of fixtures
in relation to the stack so that by means of proper fittings,
Siamese Stand
Connection Pipe
Side Vent Soil Pipe
 Stack Vent- a stack vent is the extension of a soil or
waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to
the stack. It is sometimes called waste vent or soil vent.
Stack Venting- Is a method of venting of fixture or
fixtures through the soil or waste stack.
Subsoil Drain- are underground drain pipes that receive
sub-surface or seepage water only and convey it to a place of
disposal.
Sump- A pit or receptacle at a low point to which the
liquid waste are drained.
Stack Subsoil
Vent
 Trap- Is a fitting or device so designed as to provide when
properly vented a liquid seal that will prevent the back
passage of air without materially affecting the flow of sewage
through it.
Trap Seal- Is the maximum vertical depth of liquid that
trap will retain, measured between the crown weir and tap of
the dip of the trap.
Vent Stack- Is a vertical pipe installed primarily for the
purpose of providing circulation of air to different parts of
the drainage system.
Vent System- Is a pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow or
circulation of air within the plumbing system to protect trap
Trap Trap Seal
 Vertical Pipe- is a pipe installed in a vertical position or
at an angle of not more than 45 degrees with the vertical.
Waste Pipe- Is a pipe that conveys liquid waste from
fixture that is free of fecal matter.
Water Distributing Pipe- Water distributing pipe in a
building or premises, is a pipe that conveys water from the
water service pipe to the plumbing fixtures and other water
outlets.
 Water Service Pipe- Is the pipe from the water main or
other source of water supply to the building served.
Water Supply System- The water supply of a building or
premises consists of the water service pipe, the water
distributing pipes, and the necessary connecting pipe, fitting,
control valves, and all appurtenance in or adjacent to the
building or premises.
Wet Vent- is a vent that receives the discharge from
wastes other than water closet.
Vent
System