Scientific day of students of the exchange

program between Universities of

Dschang-Cameroon and Lorraine-France
Abstracts book

By the students of the Partnership

Copyright © 2021 Students of the four first years of the Partnership

https://www.chercheursafricains.com/in_lab_single_seminar?p=DHC19xYlTKl5WzT8YSB

First edition, July 2021

 Contents

I Part One
1 About the event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1 Background and objective 7
1.2 Schedule 8
1.3 Speakers 8
1.3.1 PhD Students or more, Cameroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.2 PhD Students, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.3 Master Students, France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 Partners 9

II Part Two

2 More details on the abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.1 Short topics 13
2.2 Abstracts 14
2.2.1 External Fields-Induced Columnar Dipolar Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.2 Spectroscopic studies of charge-spin excitations in correlated electron compounds
14
2.2.3 Modeling of the edge plasma interferometer on ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak interpre-
tation of MILS experimental measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.4 Global turbulent Transport of Trapped particles in tokamaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.5 STM/STS and photoemission studies of 2D ferroelectric materials with strong spin-orbit
coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.6 Formation of molecular ions in cold plasmas using rare gases for biomedical or
space applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.7 Growth and magnetic characterization of an Au / Fe4 N / MgO trilayer on GaAs
substrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.8 Structure et propriétés du composé CeRu4 Sn6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.9 Cryptographie Quantique: Distribution quantique des clés de sécurité pour le
cryptage de l’information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.10 Multistate Landau-Zener dynamics in a dissipative spin chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.11 Effect of electron-phonon and Rashba spin-orbit coupling on thermodynamics
properties in monolayer graphene in the presence of magnetic field . . . . . . . 18
2.2.12 Dark states in Richardson-Gaudin models with arbitrary magnetic field . . . . . 18
2.2.13 Size effect on Ultra-fast All Optical Switching of magnetic materials . . . . . . . . 19
2.2.14 Synthesis of diamonds containing NV-colors centres for applications in quantum
technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.15 Investigation of magnetoelectric properties in the Ni4−x Cox Nb2 O9 systems . . . 20
2.2.16 Fabrication of III-N/III-V quantum dots by droplet epitaxy technique . . . . . . . . 21
I
Part One

1 About the event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.1 Background and objective
1.2 Schedule
1.3 Speakers
1.4 Partners
 1. About the event

1.1 Background and objective

In 2017, Pr Daniel Malterre and Pr Lukong Cornelius Fai created a double master’s degree in physics
between the University of Lorraine and the University of Dschang. This exchange programme
gives some excellent Cameroonian students from the condensed matter and nanophysics master’s
programme the opportunity to go on to a second master’s degree in Nancy and subsequently obtain
a thesis grant.
Four years after this exchange programme was set up, we are organising a science day to present
our research work and to show the respective universities the fruits of this exchange programme. It
will also be an opportunity to present to the students of Dschang the diversity of our thesis topics in
order to arouse in them a keen interest in condensed matter and plasma physics.
Indeed, since 2017, 10 students who came to France have obtained the master’s degree and 9
are preparing their PhD theses in different universities in France (Nancy, Caen, Toulouse, Paris,
Clermont-Ferrand, Limoges) and in the Czech Republic (VSB University of Ostrava). This year 4
students have been selected to prepare the master of physics, 2 in condensed matter and 2 in fusion
and plasma science.
The science day will take place on Friday, 23 July 2021 from 8 am to 5 pm. It will take place in
person for the students of the master of physics and the doctoral students at the amphi 200 of the
artem campus, and in videoconference for the doctoral students and teachers of the University of
Dschang.
Taking into account the health context, we fix the number of participants at 40 including 14
speakers.
This event has been organized by four students, namely
• Bodry Tegomo Chiogo - tegomobodry@gmail.com
• Calvin Tagne Kaegom - calvint41@yahoo.com
• Danny Petty Gweha Nyoma - gdannypetty@yahoo.fr
• Dimo Claude - dimo.claude@yahoo.com
 8 Chapter 1. About the event

1.2 Schedule
As mentioned in the previous section, this event will be held on 23 July 2021. It will start at 08:45
am for 06:15 and will be structured as follows:
1. 8:45 am: Welcome and installation of the arrivals
2. 9:00-9:15: Introduction by Dimo Claude
3. 9:16-9:30: Presentation of the exchange program by Daniel Malterre from University of
Lorraine and Lukong Cornelius from University of Dschang
4. 9:31-10:45: Talks (First session, 4 presentations)
5. 10:45-11:00: Coffee break
6. 11:01-12:12: Talks (Second session, 5 presentations)
7. 12:12-01:30 pm: Lunch
8. 01:31-02:55: Talks (Third session, 4 presentations)
9. 02:55-03:10: Coffee break
10. 03:11-05:05: Talks (Fourth session, 4 presentations)
11. 05:05-05:20: Conclusion

1.3 Speakers
The speakers who will make presentations during this scientific day come from several horizons
between Cameroon and France. They are working in different fields of physics and are at different
levels of study from Master to PhD. They constitute a list that will be structured according to
countries and levels of study. According to each choice names will be given in alphabetical order.

1.3.1 PhD Students or more, Cameroon

University of Dschang
• Temdie Loic - loictemdie97@gmail.com - Third session
• Téné Alain Giresse - alain.tene@aims-cameroon.org - Third session
• Soh Fongang Donald - donysfdb@yahoo.com - Third session

1.3.2 PhD Students, France

University of Caen
• Jiongo Nadine - nadinejiongo@gmail.com - Fourth session

University of Clermont-Ferrand
• Tsamo Tagougue Guy Vano - guytsamo@yahoo.com - Fourth session

University of Lorraine
• Dimo Panjo Claude Alain - dimo.claude@yahoo.com - Fourth session
• Gweha Nyoma Danny Petty - gdannypetty@yahoo.fr - Fourth session
• Kemgang Ebenezer - ebenezer.kemgang@gmail.com - Fisrt session
• Tagne Kaegom Calvin - calvint41@yahoo.com - Second session
• Tegomo Chiogo Bodry - tegomobodry@gmail.com - First session

University of Sorbonne Paris Nord - Fourth session

• Ngandeu Midrel Wilfried - ngandeumidrel@yahoo.com

University of VSB Ostrava

• Tenanguena Nongni Fresnelle - fresnelletenang@gmail.com - Second session
 1.4 Partners 9

1.3.3 Master Students, France

University of Lorraine
• Bajoun Mbajoun Wilfried - bajoun2000@gmail.com - Second session
• Juvert Njeck Sama - juvertsama@gmail.com - First session
• Pambiang Dainone Abel - abellalphadainone@gmail.com - Second session
• Tembonso Talla Sorelle - Sorelletembonsotalla@gmail.com - First session
These students will give talks related to their research work. The Maters students will give a 5
minute talk and their aim will be to present their Master’s work and their future thesis topic. The
first year PhD students will need in 10 minutes to present the objectives of their thesis, the scientific
context, the way they intend to approach the subject and possibly their first results and/or things to
do. At the end, second and third year PhD students have 15 minutes to explain the context of their
work without too many technical details, whether they are theoretical or experimental. Moreover,
they should present their results.
Now that the most important thing about the Scientific day of students of the exchange program
between Universities of Dschang-Cameroon and Lorraine-France has been said, let’s move on to
the second section of this book of summaries which will contain more details about the different
talks

1.4 Partners
We would like to thank the following organisations for their contribution to the organisation of this
event.

UL DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
II
Part Two

2 More details on the abstracts . . . . . . . . 13

2.1 Short topics
2.2 Abstracts
 2. More details on the abstracts

2.1 Short topics

This section presents in a table, the titles of the different presentations as well as their schedule and
especially the names of their author

Schedules Speakers Short titles

09:30-09:55 E. Kemgang External Fields-Induced Columnar Dipolar Clusters
09:57-10:22 B. Tegomo C. Spectroscopic studiesof charge-spin excitationsin...
10:24-10:34 T. S. Tembonso Modeling of the edge plasma interferometer on...
10:35-10:45 J. N. Sama Global turbulent Transport of Trapped particles in...

11:00-11:15 T. Kaegom C. STM/STS and photoemission studies of 2D ferroelectric ...

11:23-11:38 F. Tenanguena N. Formation of molecular ions in cold plasmas using rare...
11:44-12:54 P. Dainone Abel Growth and magnetic characterization of an Au / Fe4N...
12:02-12:12 Bajoun M. W. Structure et propriétés du composé CeRu4 Sn6 ...

01:30-01:55 Téné Alain G. Cryptographie Quantique: Distribution quantique des...

02:00-02:25 Temdie Loic Multistate Landau-Zener dynamics in a dissipative spin...
02:30-02:55 Soh F. Donald Effect of electron-phonon and Rashba spin-orbit coup...

03:10-03:35 Dimo Claude Dark states in Richardson-Gaudin with arbitrary...

03:40-04:05 G. Nyoma D. P. Size effect on Ultra-fast All Optical Switching of magnetic
04:10-04:25 Ngandeu M. W. Synthesis of diamonds containing NV-colors centres...
04:30-04:45 Jiongo D. J. N. Investigation of magnetoelectric properties in Ni4−x Cox ...
04:50-05:05 Tsamo T. G. V. Fabrication of III-N/III-V quantum dots by droplet epitax...

Table 2.1: Table caption

 14 Chapter 2. More details on the abstracts

2.2 Abstracts
2.2.1 External Fields-Induced Columnar Dipolar Clusters
Ebenezer Kemgang1 , Hervé Mohrbach, and René Messina
1- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and Chemistry LPCT-UMR CNRS 7019, University of
Lorraine, 1 Boulevard Arago, 57070 Metz, France
It is now well known that one of attractive potentials of dipolar (nano)particles is their ability to
be manipulated in numerous ways at a distance with the help of external fields. We theoretically
investigate the influence of gravity and a (strong) homogeneous vertical magnetic field on the
self-assembly of dipolar particles near a surface. For a two-body system, upon increasing magnetic
field strength, two dipole hard spheres exhibit three striking dimeric states (i.e., two touching
particles) as ground states, requiring the gravity and magnetic field strength simultaneously not
too large: A lying state, inclined state and standing state. Beyond two bodies, a rich ground state
phase diagram stems from the effects of number of particles N, and gravity. When N is small,
a chain fragmentation occurs above a critical value of the gravity, whereas, for many particles,
standing ribbons set in. In both scenarios, simple algebraic decays for the transition gravity as
a function of N are found and accurately corroborate the exact numerical results. Our findings
enhance understanding of recent experiments and computer simulations on magnetic colloids and
granular media.

2.2.2 Spectroscopic studies of charge-spin excitations in correlated electron compounds

Bodry Tegomo Chiogo1
1- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS University of Lorraine, Campus Artem, 2 allée André
Guinier, 54000 Nancy France
Strong electron correlations lead to numerous exotic electronic and magnetic properties such as
Kondo effect, heavy fermions, intermediate valence, charge density wave, unconventional super-
conductivity... In rare-earth based compounds (Cerium, Ytterbium), these properties are due to
the very strong electron-electron interactions of the f states as well as to the hybridization of the f
states with the conduction electrons [1,2]. The most direct approach to understand these systems
is to study their electronic structure by spectroscopies and/or transport. We investigate the funda-
mental electronic properties of cerium and ytterbium-based compounds by using complementary
spectroscopic techniques (lowenergy ultra-violet angle-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy, hard
x-ray photo-emission spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray
scattering). In particular, we investigate the spectroscopic properties of intermediate valence which
coexists and competes with long range magnetic order or density wave order in f electrons materials.
We also carried out quantitative analysis of the spectroscopic measurements in the framework of
the single impurity Anderson Model [3].
[1] P.Coleman. Heavy fermions: Electrons at the edge of magnetism. handbook of magnetism
and advanced magnetic materials. Phys. Rev. B, 1(95), 2007.
[2] N.E. Bickers D.L. Cox and J.W. Wilkins. Self-consistent large-n expansion for normal-state
properties of dilute magnetic alloys. Phys. Rev. B, 36(2036), 1987.
[3] P. W. Anderson. Localized Magnetic States in Metals. Phys. Rev. (124 41), 1961.

2.2.3 Modeling of the edge plasma interferometer on ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak inter-

pretation of MILS experimental measurements
Talla Sorellele Tembonso1
1- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198-University of Lorraine, France
 2.2 Abstracts 15

Among many diagnostics that have already been carried out today to predict the measurement of
plasma density on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, none of them have been able to accurately predict
the density profile in the limiter shadow. Microwave interferometer installed in the edge plasma of
the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak looks to that. It is demonstrated experimentally that this technique
has particularities compared to other techniques. During this talk, I will present the important of
propagating waves in plasma and I will discus on our interest to model a microwave interferometer
installed at the plasma edge ofthe ASDEX Upgrade tokamak.
Keywords: Interferometer, Density measurement, Plasma edge.
[1] Faugel, H. and Usoltceva, M. and F ünfgelder, H. and Herrmann, A. and Team, ASDEX
Upgrade. A low cost 47 GHz Interferometer for plasma edge measurements. 31 st Symposium on
Fusion Technology (SOFT 2020).

2.2.4 Global turbulent Transport of Trapped particles in tokamaks

Juvert Njeck Sama1
1- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 University of Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier 54000 Nancy,
France
Among the rich phenomenology of turbulence and transport in the core of a tokamak, some
processes are global (as opposed to local) in nature, in that what occurs at some flux surface of
radius r strongly depends on the properties of plasma and fluctuations at other radial locations [1].
Our aim is to study the impact of a radially varying curvature drift on the trapped particles driven
turbulence and its associated transport using a gyro-kinetic code called TERESA (Trapped Element
REduction in Semi-lagrangian Approach).
Keywords: Gyro-kinetics, Turbulence and Transport.
[1] K. Lim, E. Gravier, M Lesur, X. Garbet, Y. Sarazin, J. Médina, Plasma Phys. Control.
Fusion 62, 095018 (2020).

2.2.5 STM/STS and photoemission studies of 2D ferroelectric materials with strong spin-
orbit coupling
Calvin TAGNE KAEGOM1
1- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 University of Lorraine, 2 allée André Guinier 54000 Nancy,
France
The end of the XXth century was marked by the discovery of the Giant Magneto-resistance, which
gave birth to the beginning of spintronics. And since then, research in solids has undergone a great
leap forward, notably with the discovery of new relativistic properties in solids. In my thesis, I
am particularly interested in semiconductors with special electronic properties due to the presence
of heavy atoms in them. This leads to the presence of a high spin-orbit coupling, which in the
presence of a 2D system with a symmetry break at the surface or at the interface, gives rise to a
new effect: the Rashba effect. [1] This effect is characterized in a solid by the spin separation of
the valence and conduction bands due to the breaking of the inversion symmetry. This symmetry
breaking can occur at the surface or at the interface as in ferroelectric materials. We have therefore
the birth of a new family of materials named: Ferroelectric Semiconductors with Rashba Effect
(FERSC). The father of this family is Germanium Tellurium (GeTe). [2] The goal of this thesis
is to study the electronic properties of this material using Tunneling Mi-croscopy/Spectroscopy
(under magnetic field) and Angle Resolved Photo Emission (ARPES).
[1] Domenico Di Sa, A.; Gustav Bihlmayer, B.; Author, C.The Journal of Physics, 1367, 2630.
[2] C. Rinaldi, A.; Sara Varotto, B.; Asa, M.Nano Lett, 2751–2758.
 16 Chapter 2. More details on the abstracts

2.2.6 Formation of molecular ions in cold plasmas using rare gases for biomedical or
space applications
Fresnelle Tenanguena Nongni1,2
1- Plasma and Energy Conversion Laboratory (LAPLACE) at University of Toulouse III-Paul
Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
2- IT4 Innovations National Supercomputing Center at VSB -Technical University ofOstrava, 17.
listopadu 15/2172, 70800 Ostrava -Poruba, Czech Republic
Molecular ions in particular dimeric rare gas ions have a very important influence on the behaviour
of noble gas plasmas used in biomedical or space applications. Therefore, the analysis and
understanding of their formation is of great importance for the macroscopic modeling of the charge
distribution. Therefore, the main objective of my thesis is to perform calculations of the formation
constants of dimer ions in cold plasmas using rare gases as carriers over a wide range of reduced
fields. One of the major processes leading to the formation of diatomic noble gas ions is the
ternary two-step stabilization mechanism. From this mechanism, we derive the charge conservation
equations that allow us to calculate the formation constants necessary for the physicochemical
model of the cold plasma jet.

2.2.7 Growth and magnetic characterization of an Au / Fe4 N / MgO trilayer on GaAs

substrate
Pambiang Abel Dainone1
1- Institut JeanLamour, UMR 7198 CNRS University of Lorraine, Campus Artem , 2 allée André
Guinier 54000 Nancy, France
Spin injection light emitting diodes (spin-LEDs) which can emit circularly polarized light consist
of a semiconductor LED structure and a ferromagnetic injector. The switching of the magnetization
of the injector makes it possible to control the circular polarization of the emitted light. Different
spin injectors have been studied possessing either a magnetization in the plane of the layers
or perpendicular to the plane of the layers however in all these works, the switching of the
magnetization is carried out by an external magnetic field. For concrete applications of spin-
LEDs, it is essential to be free from any external magnetic field. Many applications based on
this technology are now being explored, such as circularly polarized optical telecommunications
[3], three-dimensional (3D) display screens [4], compact circular light sources for biological
applications [1] and quantum cryptography based on polarized light [2]. Iron nitride Fe4 N has
aroused increasing interest in recent years due in particular to its highly spin-polarized electrical
conductance and negative spin polarization at the Fermi level [3]. Our objective is to realize a new
injector (Au / Fe4 N / MgO) possessing a perpendicular magnetic magnetic anisotropy on a GaAs
substrate (LED).
[1] R. Farshchi, M. Ramsteiner, J. Herfort, A. Tahraoui, and H. T. Grahn, Optical communication
of spin information between light emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 162508 (2011).
[2] D.-Y. Kim, Potential Application of Spintronic Light-Emitting Diode to Binocular Vision
for Three-DimensionalDisplay Technology, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 49, 4 (2006).
[3] P. Asshoff, A. Merz, H. Kalt, and M. Hetterich, A spintronic source of circularly polarized
single photons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 112106(2011).
[4] S. Kokado, N. Fujima, K. Harigaya, H. Shimizu, and A. Sakuma, Phys. Rev. B 73, 172410
(2006).
 2.2 Abstracts 17

2.2.8 Structure et propriétés du composé CeRu4 Sn6

Wilfried Bajoun Mbajoun1

1- Institut JeanLamour, UMR 7198 CNRS University of Lorraine, Campus Artem , 2 allée André
Guinier 54000 Nancy, France

Un semi-métal de Weyl est un nouvel état de la matière contenant des nœuds de Weyl (points de
rencontre entre la bande de valence et la bande de conduction) dans sa structure de bande près du
niveau de Fermi et ces nœuds de Weyl apparaissent toujours par paires reliées par des arcs de Fermi.
Le calcul de la structure électronique du CeRu4 Sn6 montre qu’il est un semi-métal de Weyl [1]. Une
façon de démontrer cela expérimentalement est de réaliser de la spectroscopie de photoémission
résolue en angle (ARPES) qui est une technique très sensible à la surface et qui nécessite des
surfaces propres et ordonnées à l’échelle de l’atome. Afin d’obtenir une surface propre, nous
allons préparer notre surface. Nous optimiserons la préparation de la surface (100) du composé
CeRu4 Sn6 afin de caractériser les phases de surface en présence. La préparation consiste en des
cycles de bombardement ionique et recuits sous ultravide. Après ces cycles, il est possible d’obtenir
la morphologie, la structure atomique et les paramètres de maille de surface par la microscopie
à effet tunnel (STM), la composition chimique de surface par la spectroscopie de photoémission
induite par rayons X (XPS), et la symétrie et les paramètres de maille par la diffraction électronique
à basse énergie (LEED). Une fois les paramètres de préparation déterminés, les mesures ARPES
pourront avoir lieu afin d’obtenir les propriétés électroniques du composé CeRu4 Sn6 .

2.2.9 Cryptographie Quantique: Distribution quantique des clés de sécurité pour le

cryptage de l’information

Téné Alain Giresse1

1- Laboratory of Condensed Matter-Electronics and Signal Processing (LAMACET), Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

Internet et Smartphones sont devenus de nos jours des outils incontournables de communication
dans notre vie. Cependant, la croissance dans l’utilisation de ces outils a conduit à un nouveau
problème qui est la cyber attaque ou cyber criminalité. Cette dernière décennie a connu ainsi
d’innombrables incidences de cyber criminalité dans le monde entier. Très récemment en 2020, le
monde a connu le pic de la cyber criminalité : par exemple, l’agence médicale européenne a été
attaquée par la cybercriminalité dans la recherche du vaccin contre la COVID-19; La Corée du
Nord a été récemment accusée par des USA pour avoir volé jusqu’à 5000 millions de dollars grâce
au cyber attaque; Le system de l’hôpital Düsseldorfen Allemagne a été complément paralysé et des
données biomédicales volées à cause de la cybercriminalité. Le centre nationale de l’information
du Cameroun a notifié récemment que les banques locales ont perdu plus de 3 milliards de FCFA à
cause de la cybercriminalité. Ces incidences qui sont loin d’être tout citées montrent que les moyens
de protection de l’information et de communication déjà existants ne sont plus assez fiables face à
la montée en puissance de la technologie. Ceci nous conduit à penser à des nouvelles stratégies qui
puissent être plus efficaces. Ici, nous faisons allusion à la cryptographie basée sur les propriétés
quantiques des particules, telles que l’intrication, le principe de non-localitéet de non-clonage de la
mécanique quantique. Bien que déjà assez développé dans la littérature, la cryptographie quantique
ou plus précisément la distribution quantique d’une clé de sécurité reste assez méconnue du monde
scientifique et reste sujet de plusieurs controverses sur sa faisabilité. Cependant il a été démontré
qu’un tel procédé peut être une panacée dans la protection de l’information et une communication
sécurisée. Une prompte explication sur cette thématique fera l’objet de notre présentation.
 18 Chapter 2. More details on the abstracts

2.2.10 Multistate Landau-Zener dynamics in a dissipative spin chain

Temdie Kom Loic Martial1
1- Laboratory of Condensed Matter-Electronics and Signal Processing (LAMACET), Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
We study the multistate Landau-Zener dynamics in a dissipative spin chain subjected to a transverse
magnetic field using the rotation operator approach. We consider a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian to
describe the dissipative spin chain in two dimensions. The model Hamiltonian is transformed to
mimic the well-known Landau-Zener two-level model. The dynamics of transition probabilities
are evaluated using the rotation operator, which does not take into account the initial configuration
of the system. The evolution over time of this open quantum system is found to be influenced by
physical parameters such as anisotropy and magnetic field strength. It can be seen that an increase
of the spin value in the system induces an increase in transitions. Moreover, the results show that
the anisotropy parameter plays a major role on the transitions in the system because when its value
is set to zero, no adiabatic transition is observed and therefore no tunneling effect.
Keywords: Multilevel system, Spin chain, Transverse magnetic field, Anisotropy, Non-Hermitian
Hamiltonian, Rotation operator, Tunneling effect.

2.2.11 Effect of electron-phonon and Rashba spin-orbit coupling on thermodynamics

properties in monolayer graphene in the presence of magnetic field
Soh Fongang Donald1
1- Laboratory of Condensed Matter-Electronics and Signal Processing (LAMACET), Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
We study the effect of electron-phonon and Rashba spin-orbit couplings on thermodynamic prop-
erties in monolayer graphene. We introduce a Fröhlich-type Hamiltonian representing the elec-
tron–phonon interaction and spin–orbit-coupling in graphene. We propose a diagonalization
procedure to solve this Hamiltonian based on the Lee–Low–Pines theory. Thermodynamics proper-
ties such as free energy, magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat in the presence of
magnetic field are studied through Tsallis entropy. Also the effect of the magnetic field, temperature,
Debye and Rashba parameter for different substrate such as SiC, HfO2 , h-BN and SiO2 where
investigated. It is found that the entropy decreases with the increase of the Rashba parameter
and magnetic field for all the substrate. In particular the entropy of h-BN substrate reasches its
lowest value, and then increases with the distance between graphene and substrate. All those
thermodynamics properties are strongly influenced by the electron-phonon and spin-orbit coupling.
This study paves the way of controlling the phase transition of ferromagnetic to paramagnetic by
adjusting those parameters.
Keywords: Electron-phonon, Spin-orbit, Graphene, Thermodynamics.

2.2.12 Dark states in Richardson-Gaudin models with arbitrary magnetic field

Dimo Claude1
1- LPCT, University of Lorraine, France
A central spin model is the one in which the spin of interest interacts with a given bath of surrounding
spins; as it could be achieved in quatum dots and defect centers in diamond. It was shown in [1] that
some integrable central spin models exhibit two classes of states namely the bright states, where
the central qubit is entangled with the bath, and dark states, where it is not. From [2] it comes that
dark states persist as eigenstates at large deviations from integrability, and the qubit retains memory
of its initial polarization at long times. The goal of this work is then to show the persistence of dark
 2.2 Abstracts 19

states in U(1)-broken central spin models, namely the ones of 1/2-spin Richardson-Gaudin models
with arbitrary magnetic field.
Keywords: Spin, Magnetic field, Integrability.
[1] Villazon, Tamiro and Chandran, Anushya and Claeys, Pieter W. 2020Phys. Rev. Research
2032052.
[2] Tamiro Villazon, Pieter W. Claeys, Mohit Pandey, Anatoli Polkovnikov and Anushya
Chandran2020 Scientific Reports10, 16080

2.2.13 Size effect on Ultra-fast All Optical Switching of magnetic materials

Danny Gweha1 , F. Montaigne, M. Hehn1, M. Verges1, G. Malinowski1, S. Mangin.
1- Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, France
The perfect mastery of the control of the magnetic order thanks to a magnetic field or a spin-
polarized current is an achievement in the world of research. However, the ultra-fast experimental
manipulation of the magnetization of a magnetic material by LASER pulses has been a challenge
for the scientific community for the past three decades. In fact, from the observation in 1996
of the demagnetization of a continuous Ni film by femto second LASER excitation [1] to the
reversal of the magnetization of the GdCo nano dots using a single LASER pulse in 2019 [2], many
advances in the understanding of magnetic order control in magnetic materials have been made.
The multiplication of research activity around optical reversal (All Optical Switching: ’AOS’)
makes sense through its potential for new technologies such as heat-assisted magnetic recording
(Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording: ’HAMR’) [3]. Depending on the number of incident LASER
pulses (Multiple pulses: ’MP’ and Single Pulse: ’SP’) and the influence or not of the LASER
polarization (Helicity-Independent: ’HI’ and Helicity-Dependent: ’ HD ’), we observe different
types of AOS [4]. However, it is the Single Pulse All Optical Switching (SP-AOS°) that presents
the best advantages for applications in magnetic storage. Indeed, the magnetization reversal time
is a few pico seconds and only one pulse is needed to cause this reversal [2]. If the nucleation
mechanisms followed by the propagation of the domain walls seem so far to explain the dynamics
of the magnetization of continuous films excited by femto second LASER [4,5], the effect of the
size of the material on AOS remains another open question: answering this question is my thesis
objective.
Keywords: Ultra-fast AOS , Spintronic,magnetization.
[1] Beaurepaire, E., Merle, J.C., Daunois, A. and Bigot, J.Y. Ultrafast Spin Dynamics in
ferromagnetic Nickel. Physical Review Letters 76,4250-4253 (1996).
[2] Amal El-Ghazaly et al. Ultrafast magnetization switching in nanoscale magnetic dots.
Applied Physics Letters 114,232407 (2019).
[3] Kryder, M.H. et al. Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording. Proceedings of the IEEE 96,
1810-1835. ISSN : 0018-9219 (2008)
[4] El Hadri, M.S. et al. Two types of all-optical magnetization switching mechanisms using
femtosecond laser pulses. Physical Review B 94, 184406 (2016).
[5] Y. Quessab et al.Helicity-dependent all-optical domain wall motion in ferromagnetic thin
films. Physical Review B 97,054419(2017)
 20 Chapter 2. More details on the abstracts

2.2.14 Synthesis of diamonds containing NV-colors centres for applications in quantum

technology
Ngandeu Midrel Wilfried 1 , Lahcene Mehmel, Ovidiu Brinza, Alexandre Tallaire, Fabien Bénédic,
Jocelyn Achard
1- LSPM-CNRS, UPR 3407, University of Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris City, Villetaneuse, France
NV centres in diamond are point like defects that have attracted a lot of attention as one of the best
candidates for quantum technologies particularly for sensing and imaging nano scale magnetic
fields. For this application, the use of a high density of NV centres with in a high quality diamond
layer is of prime interest. More recently, the growth of N2 O doped diamonds thicker than 1.5 mm
has been achieved with substitutional nitrogen (Ns) concentration as high as a few tens of ppm
which is very difficult to obtain by a CVD process using conventional N2 precursor. Actually, the
presence of O in the dopant gas precursor allows expanding the range of growth parameters and in
particular increasing the N concentration in the gas phase leading to higher nitrogen doping, but
keeping good crystal morphology. In this work, we focus more particularly on the best manner to
obtain NV-colors centers in diamond. We will present the differents methods to obtain these centres
in diamond.

2.2.15 Investigation of magnetoelectric properties in the Ni4−x Cox Nb2 O9 systems

Jiongo Dongmo Jacqueline Nadine1 , Antoine Maignan,Juan-Pablo Bolletta, Christine Martin and
Françoise Damay
1- CRISMAT Laboratory, Normandie University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN,CNRS, 14050 Caen,
France
The 429 family (formula M4 A2 O9 ,where M=Co,Mn,Fe,Mg and A=Nb or Ta) has a crystal struc-
ture derived from corundum [1], and represents an interesting class of materials because of its
potential magneto electric (ME) properties [2-4]. While most compounds exhibit indeed a sub-
stantial magneto electric effect, such as Co4 Nb2 O9 (electric polarization of 120 C/m2 in 7 T)
[5], Ni4 Nb2 O9 is characterized in contrast by a lack of magnetoelectricity [6]. Interestingly,
Co4 Nb2 O9 crystallizes in the trigonal P − 3c1 space group with an antiferromagnetic transition
at TN = 27K [7], when Ni4 Nb2 O9 has an orthorhombic PbCn crystal structure and exhibits a
0 0
ferrimagnetic transition at TN = 76K [8]. The magnetic point group m m m associate withthe
Pb’cn’ ferrimagnetic structure of Ni4 Nb2 O9 does not allow magnetoelectric properties. We have
initiated a study of the Ni4−x Cox Nb2 O9 system, to follow the structural and magnetic changes
going from Ni4 Nb2 O9 to Co4 Nb2 O9 , and to check if it will be possible to generate magnetoelectric
properties in an orthorhombic crystal structure. This work relies on high temperature air solid-state
synthesis, laboratory X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments, combined with magnetization,
dielectric and polarization measurements. Our first results show that, for x2.2, compounds exhibit
a Ni4 Nb2 O9 –like behavior: orthorhombic structures with ferrimagnetic transition temperatures
varying from 76K to 49K and lack of magnetoelectric effect. For x2.5 a Co4 Nb2 O9 –like behavior is
observed, i.e. trigonal structures with antiferromagnetic transitions temperatures varying from 36K
to 27K and magnetoelectric effect. In x = 2.3 sample, both phases coexist and it is characterized
by Ni4 Nb2 O9 –like magnetic properties and Co4 Nb2 O9 –like ferroelectric properties. Magnetic
structures determination from x=2 to x= 3 is in progress.
[1] E. F. Bertaut et al.,J.Phys. Chem. Solids21,234 (1961)
[2] G. Deng et al.,Physical Review B 97, 085154 (2018)
[3] A. Maignan et al.,Physical Review B 97, 161106(R)(2018)
[4] B.B. Liu et al.,Materials Letters 164, 425 (2016)
[5] Y. Fang et al.,Scientific Reports 4, 3860 (2014)
 2.2 Abstracts 21

[6] E. Tailleur et al.,Journal of Applied Physics127,063902 (2020)

[7] E. Fischer et al.,Solid state communications10, 1127 (1972)
[8] H. Ehrenberg et al.,Physical Reviev B 52, 13(1995)

2.2.16 Fabrication of III-N/III-V quantum dots by droplet epitaxy technique

Guy Tsamo1 , Luc Bideux and Guillaume Monier
1- Institut Pascal, UMR CNRS/UCA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
The objective of this thesis is the well-controlled fabrication of III-N/III-V quantum dots (QDs) by
droplet epitaxy technique. These III-Nitride quantum dots like GaN, InN, InGaN have important
assets for optoelectronics (such as solar cells, LEDs, photodetectors) and microelectronics (such as
bipolar field effect transistor, biomedical sensors) applications [1, 2, 3].
Strain-induced growth techniques, based on the Stranski−Krastanov mechanism, are commonly
used to elaborate self-assembled QDs. Despite the extensive use of this technique, the mechanism
requires a lattice mismatch between the substrate and the dot material, which considerably limits
the range of materials for the formation of QDs. An alternative approach, which was first reported
in the 1990s, is the so-called droplet epitaxy technique [4]. The QDs grown by this method are free
from strain accumulation, which allows for a wide range of materials combination to be used [5, 6].
The first step is to deposit the III element droplets (Ga, In or Ga+In) with Volmer-Weber growth
using an effusion cell on a III-V substrate. The second step is to supply nitrogen flux by plasma in
order to transform the metal droplets into III-nitride QDs as in the attached figure.(a).
To growth and study our QDs structures and determine their chemical compositions, we work
in an ultra-high vacuum environment allowing in-situ studies by electronic spectroscopies as XPS,
Auger spectroscopies. A metallic evaporation cell for the deposition of metallic droplets and two
nitriding cells (ionic and radical plasma cell) are available at Institut Pascal. Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) has been used to determine the morphologies of the QDs, very sensitiv to the
growth parameters. Using the modelling of the XPS intensities, we can compare them with the
experimental results.
Keywords: III-V semiconductors, III-nitride quantum dots, Droplet epitaxy, plasma cell, XPS
charaterisation.
[1] J. Wu, Z.M. Wang, Droplet epitaxy for advanced optoelectronic materials and devices, J.
Phys. D. Appl. Phys 2014, 47
[2] Droplet Epitaxy as a Tool for the QD-Based Circuit Realization.
[3] Picco, S., Villegas, L., Tonelli, F., Merlo, M., Rigau, J., Diaz, D., and Masuelli, M. (2016).
We are IntechOpen , the world ’ s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists , for
scientists TOP 1. Intech, tourism, 13.
[4] Koguchi, N.; Takahashi, S.; Chikyow, T. J. Cryst. Growth 1991, 111, 688 692.
[5] Mano, T.; Kuroda, K.; Mitsuishi, K.; Noda, T.; Sakoda, K. J.Cryst. Growth 2009, 311, 1828
1831.
[6] Mano, T.; Abbarchi, M.; Kuroda, T.; McSkimming, B.; Ohtake, A.; Mitsuishi, K.; Sakoda,
K. Appl. Phys. Express 2010, 3, 065203.