SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMAKURU-572103

(An Autonomous Institute under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

Project Report on

“Full Title of Mini Project”

submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the completion of

VI semester of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted by

Name 1 (USN 1)
Name 2 (USN 2)
Name 3 (USN 3)
Name 4 (USN 4)

under the guidance of

Guide’s Name
Designation
Department of E&CE
SIT, Tumakuru-03

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

2021-22
 SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMAKURU-572103
(An Autonomous Institute under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the mini project work entitled “TITLE OF THE MINI PROJECT IN
BLOCK LETTERS” is a bonafide work carried out by Name1 (USN1), Name2 (USN2),
Name3 (USN3) and Name4 (USN4) in partial fulfillment for the completion of VI Semester
of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication Engineering from Sidda-
ganga Institute of Technology, an autonomous institute under Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during the academic year 2021-22. It is certified that all correc-
tions/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report
deposited in the department library. The Mini project report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the Bachelor
of Engineering degree.

Guide’s Name Head of the Department

Designation Dept. of E&CE
Dept. of E&CE SIT,Tumakuru-03
SIT,Tumakuru-03

External viva:
Names of the Examiners Signature with date
1.
2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We offer our humble pranams at the lotus feet of His Holiness, Dr. Sree Sree Sivaku-
mara Swamigalu, Founder President and His Holiness, Sree Sree Siddalinga Swami-
galu, President, Sree Siddaganga Education Society, Sree Siddaganga Math for bestowing
upon their blessings.

We deem it as a privilege to thank Dr. M N Channabasappa, Director, SIT, Tu-

makuru, Dr. Shivakumaraiah, CEO, SIT, Tumakuru, and Dr. S V Dinesh, Princi-
pal, SIT, Tumakuru for fostering an excellent academic environment in this institution,
which made this endeavor fruitful.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. R Kumaraswamy, Professor

and Head, Department of E&CE, SIT, Tumakuru for his encouragement and valuable
suggestions.

We thank our guide Guide’s name, Designation, Department of Electronics & Com-
munincation Engineering, SIT, Tumakuru for the valuable guidance, advice and encour-
agement.

Name 1 (USN 1)
Name 2 (USN 2)
Name 3 (USN 3)
Name 4 (USN 4)
 Course Outcomes

CO 1 : Identify , formulate the problem and define the objectives

CO 2 : Review the literature and provide efficient design solution with appropriate con-
sideration for societal, health and safety issues
CO 3 : Select the engineering tools/components and develop an experimental setup to
validate the design
CO 4 : Test, analyse and interpret the results of the experiments in compliance with the
defined objectives
CO 5 : Document as per the standard, present effectively the work following professional
ethics and interact with target group
CO 6 : Contribute to the team, lead the diverse team, demonstrating engineering and
management principles

CO-PO Mapping

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO-1 3 3
CO-2 2 1 2 1
CO-3 2 2 2 2 2
CO-4 2 2
CO-5 2 2 2 2
CO-6 2 1 1
Average 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2

Attainment level: - 1: Slight (low) 2: Moderate (medium) 3: Substantial (high)

POs: PO1: Engineering Knowledge, PO2: Problem analysis, PO3: Design/Development
of solutions, PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems, PO5: Modern tool us-
age, PO6: Engineer and society, PO7: Environment and sustainability, PO8: Ethics,
PO9: Individual and team work, PO10: Communication, PO11: Project management
and finance, PO12: Lifelong learning
Abstract
An abstract is a concise summary of a larger project that concisely describes its find-
ings, conclusions, or intended results.
Abstract answers questions such as why this project in first paragraph, what is the main
objective of the work in second paragraph and finally how is the implementation done in
third paragraph.
Please include the implementation details such as tool/software used(in brief).

i
Contents
Abstract i

List of Figures ii

List of Tables iii

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Objective of the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Organisation of the report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Literature Survey 3

3 Title of the Chapter 4

3.1 Refering Figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2 Referring Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3 Referring Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4 System Overview 6
4.1 May be Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5 System Hardware 7
5.1 About Component 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1.1 More Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2 About Component 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.3 About Component 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

6 System Software 8
6.1 About Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.2 About Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.3 About Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7 Results 9
7.1 Snapshots, if any . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.2 Analysis, if any . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

8 Conclusion 11
8.1 Scope for future work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Bibliography 11

Appendices 13

A Data Sheet of component 1 14

B Data Sheet of component 2 20

List of Figures
3.1 The SIT Logo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

ii
List of Tables
3.1 My Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

iii
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Motivation
Speech signal processing refers to the acquisition, manipulation, storage, transfer and
output of vocal utterances by a computer. The main applications are the recognition,
synthesis and compression of human speech. Speech processing is the application on dig-
ital speech processing (DSP) technique to the processing and analysis of speech signal.
Speech has evolved as a primary form of communication between humans. Nevertheless,
there often occurs a condition under which measuring and then transform the speech
signal to another form in order to enhance the ability to communicate. Speech signal
processing technologies are exploited in the telecommunication, hearing aid, speech tech-
nology and forensic audio industries. Using these technologies speech signals are encoded,
decoded, compressed, filtered, equalized, synthesized and noise-reduced. But with these
processing techniques comes the necessity to assess their impact on the speech signal as
many of these operations are non linear in nature. Many a times the root cause of failure
to achieve the expected performance in a speech processing system is due to the quality
of the speech signal. Reliable assessment of speech signal quality is thus becoming vital
for performance of various speech processing systems (e.g., speech recognition, speaker
recognition, speech synthesis system, etc.). Speech signal assessment plays a key role in
performance improvement of speech processing systems. The rapid increase in usage of
speech processing algorithms in multi-media and telecommunications applications raises
the need for automated speech signal assessment.

1.2 Objective of the project

In this project a necessity of speech signal assessment problem is considered. Speech sig-
nal assessment tool is developed for the assessment of speech signal parameters so that
the speech signal processing systems can be made robust through front end processing of
this developed tool that provides a priori/additional information about the speech signal.

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Title of the Project 2021-22

1.3 Organisation of the report

The report is divided into 7 chapters. Chapter 2, presents a theory of speech signal pro-
cessing and its applications with the description of necessity of speech signal assessment.
Architecture of Speech signal assessment tool along with flow of processing of data and
execution of speech signal parameters (i.e programming model) is presented in Chap-
ter 3. In Chapter 4, Wave File Format(.wav) used for storing an audio bit stream on
PCs is described along with its canonical wave file format. In Chapter 5, processing on
wave file data (i.e extracted data) is described along with necessity of short time pro-
cessing and speech signal assessment parameters like energy, mean and variance of signal.
Speech/Silence discrimination algorithm and SNR estimation method is also described.
Results are described in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 draws conclusions on the result followed
by the future work possible in this direction.

Dept.of E&CE, S.I.T.,Tumakuru-03 2

Chapter 2
Literature Survey
This chapter includes summary of the findings/surveys that are carried as a ground work
for the project. Findings/survey are to be from peer reviewed journals/conferences such
as IEEE, IET, etc. .
This illustrates how to cite a reference. This is the first [1] reference cited. To site a
second [2] reference, it’s very easy. Refer bibliography.tex file to know , how to cite the
reference.

3
Chapter 3
Title of the Chapter
This chapter illustrates, how to refer Figure, Equations, Table and References.

3.1 Refering Figure

This section illustrates, how to refer Figure.

Figure 3.1: The SIT Logo.

The SIT Logo is shown in Figure 3.1.

3.2 Referring Equations

This section illustrates, how to refer Equations.
This is how equation
F = ma

is centered and not referred.

To get equation in the same line, use this z 2 = x2 + y 2 which is called Pythagorous
Equation.

V = IR (3.1)

where,
V = voltage,
I = current and
R = resistance
The equation 3.1 is a called Ohm’s equation.

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Title of the Project 2021-22

3.3 Referring Table

This section illustrates, how to refer Table.

Table 3.1: My Table

Sl. No. Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3

1 R1/C1 R1/C2 R1/C3
2 R2/C1 R2/C2 R2/C3
3 R3/C1 R3/C2 R3/C3

The Table 3.1 shows Bold, Italic and underlined fonts.

Can also visit “http://www.tablesgenerator.com/”, to generate table online.

Dept.of E&CE, S.I.T.,Tumakuru-03 5

Chapter 4
System Overview
The main body of the report may be divided into multiple chapters as the case may be.
The organization of the report is problem specific. There may be separate Chapters for
System Overview, design methodology, or experimental methodology, Hardware Descrip-
tion or Software Description

4.1 May be Block Diagram

Use of figures: The cliche “a picture is worth a thousand words” is appropriate here.
Spend time thinking about pictures. Wherever necessary, explain all aspects of a figure
(ideally, this should be easy), and do not leave the reader wondering as to what the
connection between the figure and the text is.

6
Chapter 5
System Hardware
The technical section is the most work-specific, and hence is the least described here.
Terminology: Define each term/symbol before you use it, or right after its first use.
Stick to a common terminology throughout the report.

5.1 About Component 1

5.1.1 More Details

5.2 About Component 2

5.3 About Component 3
The list goes on.

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Chapter 6
System Software
6.1 About Software Requirements
6.2 About Algorithm
6.3 About Flowchart
The list goes on.

Don’t include codes here.

Note : Subsequent Technical Chapters can be added in this file.

8
Chapter 7
Results
This is part of the set of technical sections, and is usually a separate section for experi-
mental/design papers.
Also, it illustrates how to use bulletins, numbering the points.

• What aspects of system or algorithm are evaluated? That is, what are the questions
that are answered through the evaluations?

– Why above aspects are evaluated ?

I What are the cases of comparison? If any, include the table of comparison.

II What are the performance metrics? Why?

i What are the results?

ii Finally, why do the results look the way they do?

1. What are the parameters under study?

2. What is the experimental setup? Explain the choice of every parameter value (range)
carefully.

a First letter.

b Second letter.

7.1 Snapshots, if any

The results are usually presented as tables and graphs. In explaining tables and graphs,
they should be completely explained. Identify trends in the data. Does the data prove
what is to be established? In what cases are the results explainable, and in what cases
unexplainable if any?

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Title of the Project 2021-22

7.2 Analysis, if any

While describing a table, every row/column should be explained. And similarly while de-
scribing a graph,describe the x/y axes in detail. If necessary, consider to the use log-axes.
If lot of results are to be published, it may be useful to summarize the main take-away
points from all the data in a separate sub-section at the end (or sometimes even at the
beginning) of the results section.

Dept.of E&CE, S.I.T.,Tumakuru-03 10

Chapter 8
Conclusion
This chapter should highlight the contributions made in the project. Language used in
conclusion should be different from Abstract.
Hint: Sentences such as, the project titled “Project Title”, is successfully implemented
and tested under various conditions. This kind of conclusion is expected.

8.1 Scope for future work

Here, state the aspects of the problem that are not considered and possibilities for further
extensions. As this would help others to improvise the project in coming years.

11
Bibliography
[1] M. K. Mihak, I. Kozinsev, K. Ramchandran, and P. Moulin, Low-omplexity image
denoising based on statistical modeling of wavelet coefficients, IEEE Signal Processing
Lett., vol. 6, pp. 300-303, Dec. 2006.

[2] S. Chaudhuri and A. N. Rajagopalan, “Depth from defocus: A real-aperture imaging

approach,” Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.

[3] Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin. i. Addison-Wesley, Read-
ing, Massachusetts, 2006

[4] D. Keren, S. Peleg, and R. Brada, “Image sequence enhancement using sub-pixel
displacements,” Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp.
742–746, 1988.

[5] R. L. Stevenson and R. R. Schultz, “Extraction of high-resolution frames from video

sequences,” IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 5, pp. 996–1011, 1996.

[6] Knuth: Computers and Typesetting,

http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~uno/abcde.html

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Appendices

13
Appendix A
Data Sheet of component 1
Note: Only include relevant details of the components that are
referred w.r.t. project.

14
Appendix B
Data Sheet of component 2

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