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    Refrigeration Engineering: Merefeng

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    Precious Gallardo Derain
    The document discusses multipressure refrigeration systems, which have two or more low-side pressures. A multipressure system uses a flash tank to separate vapor from liquid and can employ intercooling to reduce compressor work. Sample problems are provided to calculate power requirements for systems with two evaporators served by one compressor, and with one evaporator served by a two-stage compression system with intercooling. The document provides references on refrigeration engineering topics.

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    Refrigeration Engineering: Merefeng

    Uploaded by

    Precious Gallardo Derain
    233 views62 pages
    The document discusses multipressure refrigeration systems, which have two or more low-side pressures. A multipressure system uses a flash tank to separate vapor from liquid and can employ intercooling to reduce compressor work. Sample problems are provided to calculate power requirements for systems with two evaporators served by one compressor, and with one evaporator served by a two-stage compression system with intercooling. The document provides references on refrigeration engineering topics.

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    The document discusses multipressure refrigeration systems, which have two or more low-side pressures. A multipressure system uses a flash tank to separate vapor from liquid and can employ intercooling to reduce compressor work. Sample problems are provided to calculate power requirements for systems with two evaporators served by one compressor, and with one evaporator served by a two-stage compression system with intercooling. The document provides references on refrigeration engineering topics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    233 views62 pages

    Refrigeration Engineering: Merefeng

    Uploaded by

    Precious Gallardo Derain
    The document discusses multipressure refrigeration systems, which have two or more low-side pressures. A multipressure system uses a flash tank to separate vapor from liquid and can employ intercooling to reduce compressor work. Sample problems are provided to calculate power requirements for systems with two evaporators served by one compressor, and with one evaporator served by a two-stage compression system with intercooling. The document provides references on refrigeration engineering topics.

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    of 62

    Refrigeration Engineering

    MEREFENG
    Module 5:
    Actual Vapor Compression Cycle
    Subtopic 1 –

    Analysis

    Intended Learning Outcome


    v Be able to know and understand the Actual Vapor Compression Cycle
    An ammonia compression plant is to be Leaving evaporator -10 C
    designed for a capacity of 50 TR. The Entering compressor -5 C
    system operates with a condensing Leaving compressor 95 C
    temperature of 40 C and an evaporating Entering condenser 85 C
    temperature of -20 C. The other data are Leaving condenser 33 C
    shown on the table. A twin cylinder,
    Entering expansion valve 36 C
    double-acting compressor is to be used.
    The heat absorbed by jacket water is Wiredrawing, suction 20 kPa
    30% of the indicated work of the Wiredrawing, discharge 40 kPa
    compressor. Determine (a) the bore and Compressor speed 400 rpm
    stroke, (b) the brake work, (c) the heat Mechanical efficiency 80%
    loss or gained between compressor and Volumetric efficiency 77%
    condenser, and (d) the heat rejected Stroke-to-bore ratio 1.3
    from the condenser.
    A simple ammonia compression system has a compressor with a piston
    displacement of 1.76 m3/min, a condenser pressure of 1557 kPa and an
    evaporator pressure of 227 kPa. The liquid is subcooled to 35 C and the
    vapor leaving the evaporator and entering the compressor is -6 C. The
    temperature of the vapor leaving the compressor is 90 C. The heat
    rejected from the ammonia to the compressor jacket is 5070 kJ/h. The
    volumetric efficiency of the compressor is 80%. Determine (a) machine
    capacity in tons, (b) IHP of the compressor, and (c) COP of the machine
    based on indicated work.
    REFERENCES:
    • Cengel, Yunus A. (2015). “Thermodynamics: An
    Engineering Approach, 8th ed.” Singapore : McGraw-Hill.
    • Kleinert, Eric (2015). HVAC and Refrigeration Preventive
    Maintenance. United States : McGraw-Hill.
    • 3G E Learning (2015). “Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
    Technology. United States”: 3G E Learning FZLLC
    • Althouse, Andrew D. (2014). “Modern Refrigeration and
    Air Conditioning. United States”: The Good Heart Wilcox
    Company Inc.
    • Stoecker and Jones (1982). “Refrigeration and Air
    Conditioning” McGraw-Hill.
    Refrigeration Engineering
    MEREFENG

    PREPARED BY:

    RITCHARD Q. DIZON, ME
    Full-time Faculty
    Mechanical Engineering Department
    FEU Institute of Technology
    Refrigeration Engineering
    MEREFENG
    Module 5:
    Actual Vapor Compression Cycle
    Subtopic 2 –

    Application

    Intended Learning Outcome


    v Be able to understand the Actual Vapor Compression Cycle through
    sample problem
    Compressor suction 0C
    An ammonia compression plant is to Entering condenser 90 C
    be designed for a capacity of 30 TR. Leaving condenser 32 C
    The cooling water temperature Leaving evaporator -5 C
    requires a condenser pressure of Wiredrawing, suction 35 kPa
    1400 kPa and a pressure of 291.6 kPa Wiredrawing, discharge 70 kPa
    in the brine cooler. The following
    temperatures will exist at the points No. of cylinder 2
    designated at the table. Determine Piston speed 120 m/min
    (a) flow rate of ammonia, (b) the BHP Mechanical efficiency 80%
    of the compressor, (c) the heat Adiabatic compression 82%
    rejected at the condenser, (d) the efficiency
    rpm of the compressor, (e) the COP. Volumetric efficiency 75%
    Stroke-to-bore ratio 1.2

    (a) 5.685 kg/min; (b) 52.28 hp; (c) 7353.5 kJ/min; (d) 254 rpm; (e) 3.38
    REFERENCES:
    • Cengel, Yunus A. (2015). “Thermodynamics: An
    Engineering Approach, 8th ed.” Singapore : McGraw-Hill.
    • Kleinert, Eric (2015). HVAC and Refrigeration Preventive
    Maintenance. United States : McGraw-Hill.
    • 3G E Learning (2015). “Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
    Technology. United States”: 3G E Learning FZLLC
    • Althouse, Andrew D. (2014). “Modern Refrigeration and
    Air Conditioning. United States”: The Good Heart Wilcox
    Company Inc.
    • Stoecker and Jones (1982). “Refrigeration and Air
    Conditioning” McGraw-Hill.
    Refrigeration Engineering
    MEREFENG

    PREPARED BY:

    RITCHARD Q. DIZON, ME
    Full-time Faculty
    Mechanical Engineering Department
    FEU Institute of Technology
    What is Compressor ?
    Compressor is a device which is used to increase
    the pressure of air from low pressure to high
    pressure by using some external energy

    7/2/2013 1
    FORMULA
    CAPACITY OF COMPRESSOR
    It is the quantity of air actually delivered by a compressor in m3
    per minute.

    𝑉1 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

    𝑚𝑅𝑇1
    𝑉1 =
    𝑃1
    COMPRESSION PROCESS (1 TO 2)
    P, V, and T Relations
    𝑷𝟏𝑽𝒏𝟏 = 𝑷𝟐 𝑽𝒏𝟐
    𝒏−𝟏
    𝑻𝟐 𝑷𝟐 𝒏
    =
    𝑻𝟏 𝑷𝟏
    𝒏−𝟏
    𝑻𝟐 𝑽𝟏
    =
    𝑻𝟏 𝑽𝟐
    PISTON DISPLACEMENT or Swept Volume

    Swept Volume 𝑽𝑫

    The volume displaced or


    swept by piston when it
    moves between top
    dead center and bottom
    dead center.
    PISTON DISPLACEMENT or Swept Volume
    Piston Displacement with single cylinder

    𝝅𝑫𝟐
    𝑽𝑫 = 𝒙𝑳𝒙𝑵
    𝟒
    Piston Displacement with 2 cylinder

    𝝅𝑫𝟐
    𝑽𝑫 = 𝒙𝑳𝒙𝑵𝒙𝟐
    𝟒
    𝑳 = bore
    𝑵 = stroke
    Compressor capacity or 𝑽𝟏
    It is the quantity of air actually delivered by a compressor in m3 per minute.

    Compressor 𝑽𝟏 ′ actual gas drawn-in at intake condition

    Volumetric efficiency – ratio of the actual gas drawn-in at intake


    condition to the displacement volume

    𝑽𝟏 ′
    𝒆𝒗 =
    𝑽𝑫
    Volumetric efficiency using clearance
    𝟏
    𝑷𝟐 𝒏
    𝒆𝒗 = 𝟏 + 𝒄 − 𝒄
    𝑷𝟏
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    EXAMPLE 6
    EXAMPLE 7
    EXAMPLE 10
    COMPRESSOR

    Work (Polytropic )
    𝒏−𝟏 𝒏−𝟏
    𝑷𝟐 𝒏 𝒏𝒎𝑹𝑻 𝑷𝟐 𝒏
    𝑾= 𝒏𝑷𝟏𝑽𝟏′
    −𝟏 = −𝟏
    𝒏−𝟏 𝑷𝟏 𝒏−𝟏 𝑷𝟏
    EXAMPLE 1
    Refrigeration Engineering
    MEREFENG
    Module 6:
    Multipressure Systems
    Subtopic 1 –

    Definition

    Intended Learning Outcome


    v To be able to know and understand Multipressure Systems
    Multipressure System – is a refrigeration system that has two or
    more low-side pressures.
    Low-side Pressure – is the pressure of the refrigerant between the
    expansion valve and the intake of the compressor.
    Flash tank – an equipment
    used to separate the vapor
    from the liquid.
    Intercooling – its main
    purpose is to reduce the work
    of compression per kilogram
    of vapor. Intercooling in a
    refrigeration system can be
    accomplished with a water-
    cooled heat exchanger or by
    using refrigerant.
    REFERENCES:
    • Cengel, Yunus A. (2015). “Thermodynamics: An
    Engineering Approach, 8th ed.” Singapore : McGraw-Hill.
    • Kleinert, Eric (2015). HVAC and Refrigeration Preventive
    Maintenance. United States : McGraw-Hill.
    • 3G E Learning (2015). “Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
    Technology. United States”: 3G E Learning FZLLC
    • Althouse, Andrew D. (2014). “Modern Refrigeration and
    Air Conditioning. United States”: The Good Heart Wilcox
    Company Inc.
    • Stoecker and Jones (1982). “Refrigeration and Air
    Conditioning” McGraw-Hill.
    Refrigeration Engineering
    MEREFENG

    PREPARED BY:

    RITCHARD Q. DIZON, ME
    Full-time Faculty
    Mechanical Engineering Department
    FEU Institute of Technology
    Refrigeration Engineering
    MEREFENG
    Module 6:
    Multipressure Systems
    Subtopic 2 –

    Application

    Intended Learning Outcome


    v To be able to know and understand Multipressure Systems through
    Sample Problems with Two (2) Evaporators and One (1) Compressor
    and Two (2) Compressors and One (1) Evaporator
    Calculate the power required by a system of one compressor serving of
    two evaporators. One evaporator carries a load of 35 kW at 10 C and
    the other a load of 70 kW at -5 C. A back-pressure valve reduces the
    pressure in the 10 C evaporator to that of the -5 C evaporator. The
    condensing temperature is 37 C. The refrigerant is ammonia. What is
    the COP?
    Calculate the power required in an ammonia system which serves a
    210-kW evaporator at -20 C. The system uses two-stage compression
    with intercooling and removal of flash gas. The condensing
    temperature is 32 C.
    REFERENCES:
    • Cengel, Yunus A. (2015). “Thermodynamics: An
    Engineering Approach, 8th ed.” Singapore : McGraw-Hill.
    • Kleinert, Eric (2015). HVAC and Refrigeration Preventive
    Maintenance. United States : McGraw-Hill.
    • 3G E Learning (2015). “Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
    Technology. United States”: 3G E Learning FZLLC
    • Althouse, Andrew D. (2014). “Modern Refrigeration and
    Air Conditioning. United States”: The Good Heart Wilcox
    Company Inc.
    • Stoecker and Jones (1982). “Refrigeration and Air
    Conditioning” McGraw-Hill.
    Refrigeration Engineering
    MEREFENG

    PREPARED BY:

    RITCHARD Q. DIZON, ME
    Full-time Faculty
    Mechanical Engineering Department
    FEU Institute of Technology

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