125 English Grammar For All Levels Murad Sawalmeh
Relative Pronouns ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ
ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﻴﻦ) ﺟﻤﻠﺔ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ وأﺧﺮى ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ( ﺗﺘﺤﺪﺛﺎن
ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺸﻲء ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة ،آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
a- I saw the man. ) ﺟﻤﻠﺔ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ( Main Clause
b- The man helped me. ) ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ( Subordinate Clause
ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ:
I saw the man who helped me.
) اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ (relative clause
9ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ:
ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ.(I saw ) . .1
اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮف(the man ). .2
ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ.( who) . .3
اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ.(helped me) . .4
-ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ :
ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام
اﻟﻮﺻﻞ
who اﻟﺬي ،اﻟﺘﻲ ،اﻟﻠﺬان ،اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ،اﻟﺬﻳﻦ، ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻮﺿ ًﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ .
اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ.
which اﻟﺬي ،اﻟﺘﻲ ،اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ،اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ ،اﻟﻠﺘﻴﻦ، ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ.
اﻟﻠﺬان.
whose اﻟﺬي ﻟﻪ ،اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﻬﻢ ،اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ ﻟﻬﻦ، ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ واﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ
اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ. اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ.
whom اﻟﺬي ،اﻟﺘﻲ ،اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ،اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ. ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ.
where ﺣﻴﺚ. ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻌﻤﻞ.
when ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ،اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي. ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ زﻣﻦ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻌﻤﻞ.
what ﻣﺎ ،ﻣﺎذا ،اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي. ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ .the thing that
that اﻟﺬي ،اﻟﺘﻲ ،اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ،اﻟﻠﺬان ،اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ. ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ واﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ
)ﻋﺎﻗﻞ وﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ(.
why ﻟﻤﺎذا. ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻌﻤﻞ.
126 English Grammar For All Levels Murad Sawalmeh
وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺷﺮﺣﺎ ﻣﻔﺼﻼ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ:
Who -1
اﻟﺬي ،اﻟﺘﻲ ،اﻟﻠﺬان ،اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ،اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ،اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ. اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﺳﻮاء آﺎن ﻣﻔﺮدا أو ﺟﻤﻌﺎ ،ﻣﺬآﺮا أو ﻣﺆﻧﺜﺎً ،ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام
).(he, she, they
ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ +ﻓﻌﻞ + who +ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ. اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة
.1ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ) (whoﻓﻌﻞ. ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت
.2ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ).(that
-أﻣﺜﻠﺔ :
1- Samer is the player. He scored the winning goal.
Samer is the player who scored the winning goal.
ﺳﺎﻣﺮ هﻮ اﻟﻼﻋﺐ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰ ).ﻻﺣﻆ ﺣﺬﻓﻨﺎ ) (heووﺿﻌﻨﺎ ) (whoﻣﻨﻌًﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮار (.
2- I saw the girl who/that got the first prize in memorizing the
holly Koran رأﻳﺖ اﻟﺒﻨﺖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻘﺮﺁن اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ.
أﺣﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺪرﺳﻮن ﺑﺠﺪ3- I like teachers who/that teach hard. .
4- I saw the children who/that were swimming in the river.
رأﻳﺖ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﺬﻳﻦ آﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﺴﺒﺤﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺮ.
Which .2
اﻟﺬي ،اﻟﺘﻲ ،اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ،اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ ،اﻟﻠﺘﻴﻦ ،اﻟﻠﺬان. اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﺳﻮاء آﺎن ﻣﻔﺮدا أو ﺟﻤﻌﺎ ،ﻣﺬآﺮا أو ﻣﺆﻧﺜ ًﺎ ﺑﺪﻻ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام
ﻣﻦ ).(it, they
-1ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ +ﻓﻌﻞ +ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + which +ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة
-2ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ +ﻓﻌﻞ + which +ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ
.1ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ).(that ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت
.2ﻳﺠﻮز ﺣﺬف ) (whichﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ.
.3ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ) (whichﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ ﻣﺜ ﻞ from, in, on, with, ):
(for, at, by
- I have read the letter. Ali sent it for me.
I have read the letter which/that Ali sent to me.
ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺮأت اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ارﺳﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ) .ﻻﺣﻆ ﺣﺬﻓﻨﺎ ) (itووﺿﻌﻨﺎ ) (whichﻣﻨﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮار(.
127 English Grammar For All Levels Murad Sawalmeh
- This is the dog. It ate the meat last night.
This is the dog which ate the meat last night
1- Have you seen the book which/that Rami lost?
.هﻞ رأﻳﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺬي اﺿﺎﻋﻪ راﻣﻲ
2- Are those the books Fadi bought yesterday?
( ﻣﻦwhich) ) ﻻﺣﻆ اﻧﻨﺎ ﺣﺬﻓﻨﺎ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ.هﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺷﺘﺮاهﺎ ﻓﺎدي اﻟﺒﺎرﺣﺔ؟
( اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ
3- The book from which I prepaered the poem is very useful .
.( which ﻗﺒﻞfrom )ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ.ﻀﺮت ﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺟﺪا
ّ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺬي ﺣ
. آﻘﻮﻟﻨﺎ،( وﻳﺠﻮز اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ) اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ
4- The book I prepaered the poem from is very useful
5- The music which we listened to last night was good.
( وﻓﻲ هﺬﻩNoun + of which) اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ان ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ:ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ
:ﻣﺜﻞ،( whose) اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ
- I bought a magazine whose title is Contemparory Architectual
Styles.
: ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ،(Noun + of which) ( ﺑwhose) ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ان ﻧﺴﺘﺒﺪل
I bought a magazine, the title of which is Contemparory
Architectual Styles.
: ﻻﺣﻆ اﻻﻣﺜﻠﺔ،( ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ آﺎﻣﻠﺔwhich) ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ان ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم:ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ
- Ali was late, which surprised me.
."Ali was late" ( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ آﺎﻣﻠﺔwhich) ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ان ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ
- Ahmed isn't at home yet, which worries me.
- They let us stay, which was kind of them.
128 English Grammar For All Levels Murad Sawalmeh
Whose -3
اﻟﺬي ﻟﻪ ،اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﻬﻢ ،اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ ﻟﻬﻦ ،اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ. اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ
اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ واﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ
)( his, her, their, its, my, your, our, Ali’s
ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ +ﻓﻌﻞ +اﺳﻢ + whose +اﺳﻢ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ أو ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ) (whoseاﺳﻢ.
-أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
- This is the man. His car was stolen yesterday.
This is the man whose car was stolen yesterday.
هﺬا هﻮ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﺳﻴﺎرﺗﻪ ﻳﻮم أﻣﺲ ).ﻻﺣﻆ ﺣﺬﻓﻨﺎ) (hisووﺿﻌﻨﺎ ) (whoseﻣﻨﻌﺎ
ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮار(.
1- The widow is a woman whose husband is dead.
اﻷرﻣﻠﺔ هﻲ اﻣﺮأة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺎت ﻋﻨﻬﺎ زوﺟﻬﺎ.
2- It is the school whose teachers are skilled.
إﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﻴﻬﺎ ذوي ﺧﺒﺮة.
?3. Do you know the city whose streets are always clean
هﻞ ﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ داﺋﻤًﺎ ﺷﻮارﻋﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ؟
Whom -4
اﻟﺬي ،اﻟﺘﻲ ،اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ،اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ. اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ).(him, them, her اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام
ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ +ﻓﻌﻞ +ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + whom +ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة
.1ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ) (whomﻓﺎﻋﻞ )ﺿﻤﻴﺮ( +ﻓﻌﻞ. ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت
.2ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ).(that
.3ﻳﺠﻮز ﺣﺬف ) (whomﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ.
.4ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ) (whomﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ) from, in, on, with,
(for, at, by
-أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
- These are the authors. We met them at the meeting.
These are the authors whom we met at the meeting.
هﺆﻻء اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮن اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻨﺎهﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ) .ﻻﺣﻆ إﻧﻨﺎ ﺣﺬﻓﻨﺎ ) (themووﺿﻌﻨﺎ ) (whomﻣﻨﻌﺎ
ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮار(.
129 English Grammar For All Levels Murad Sawalmeh
1- I went to the mosque in whom we prayed last week.
in ذهﺒﺖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺻﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ) ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ
.(whom ﻗﺒﻞ
: آﻘﻮﻟﻨﺎ،( وﻳﺠﻮز اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ) اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ
2- I went to the mosque whom/that we prayed in last week.
3- This is the friend you can depend on .
.هﺬا هﻮ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ أن ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ
4- The student whom/that I taught was very clever.
اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻪ آﺎن ذآﻲ ﺟﺪًا
5- The student to whom I gave the present was polite.
(Or) The student whom/ that I gave the present to was polite.
( ( ﻓﻲ آﻼ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻦto))ﻻﺣﻆ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ.اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ أﻋﻄﻴﺖ اﻟﻬﺪﻳﺔ آﺎن ﻣﺆدﺑﺎ
6- She is the woman about whom I told you.
.هﻲ اﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﺘﻲ أﺧﺒﺮﺗﻚ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ
7- She is the woman whom I told you about.
8- They arrested six men, two of them are Swiss.
They arrested six men, two of whom are Swiss.
Where -5
.ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ
( city, town, village, )ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام
building, store, etc.
اﺳﻢ ﻣﻜﺎن+ where + ﻓﺎﻋﻞ+ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة
. ( ﻓﻌﻞwhere ) ﻻ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت
: أﻣﺜﻠﺔ-
- I like my city. The city I was born in it.
I like the city where I was born.
.( ( ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮارwhere) ( ووﺿﻌﻨﺎthe city) )ﻻﺣﻆ إﻧﻨﺎ ﺣﺬﻓﻨﺎ.هﺬﻩ هﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ وﻟﺪت
- This is the city. I was born in it.
This is the city where I was born.
وﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ أن.( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔin) ﻻﺣﻆ إﻧﻨﺎ رﺑﻄﻨﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﺬف ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ
:( آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲwhich) ﻧﺒﻘﻲ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ إذا أردﻧﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ
This is the city which I was born in.
130 English Grammar For All Levels Murad Sawalmeh
1- This is the village where my friend Ahmed lives.
..هﺬﻩ هﻲ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻲ اﺣﻤﺪ
2- This is the place where the crime happened.
.هﺬا هﻮ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬي ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ
3- The building where he lives is very old.
.اﻟﺒﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺟﺪا
When -6
. اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي،اﻟﺬي،ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ
the day, the time, the )اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ زﻣﻦ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻌﻤﻞ
(season, the occasion ...
اﺳﻢ زﻣﺎن+ when + ﻓﺎﻋﻞ+ ﻓﻌﻞ+ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة
: أﻣﺜﻠﺔ-
- I remember the day. The day I met her for the first time.
I remember the day when I met her for the first time.
.أﺗﺬآﺮ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ
( ( ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮارwhen) ( ووﺿﻌﻨﺎthe day) ) ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻨﺎ ﺣﺬﻓﻨﺎ
- I will never forget the day. I met you on that day.
I will never forget the day when I met you.
وﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ أن.( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔon) ﻻﺣﻆ إﻧﻨﺎ رﺑﻄﻨﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﺬف ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ
:( آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲwhich) ﻧﺒﻘﻲ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ إذا أردﻧﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ
I will never forget the day which I met you on.
1- Spring is the season when the flowers bloom.
.ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ هﻮ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻷزهﺎر
2- 7: 30 is the time when my plane arrives.
3- Sunday is the day when she got married.
Or: Sunday is the day on which she got married.
131 English Grammar For All Levels Murad Sawalmeh
What -7
ﻣﺎ ،ﻣﺎذا،اﻟﺬي ،اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي. اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ
ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ .the thing that اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام
ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ).(what اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة
-أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
1- Tell me what you want. ﻗﻞ ﻟﻲ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺮﻳﺪ.
?2- Can you tell us what happened yesterday
هﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ أن ﺗﺨﺒﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﺎذا ﺣﺪث اﻟﺒﺎرﺣﺔ؟
3- This is a part of what you have gave me.
هﺬا ﺟﺰء ﻣﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ أﻋﻄﻴﺘﻨﻲ) .ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ ofﻗﺒﻞ (.what
4- I have listened what you were talking about .
ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﻣﺎ آﻨﺖ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﻪ.
Why -8
ﻟﻤﺎذا. اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻌﻤﻞ. اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام
ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ +ﻓﻌﻞ +ﻓﺎﻋﻞ reason + why + اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة
-أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
1- I know the main reason why he is unhappy.
اﻋﺮف اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻤﺎذا هﻮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ.
2- I don’t know the reason why he always comes late .
ﻻ اﻋﺮف اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ داﺋﻤﺎً.
132 English Grammar For All Levels Murad Sawalmeh
That -9
. اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ،اﻟﻠﺬان، اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ، اﻟﺘﻲ،اﻟﺬي اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ
( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻتthat ) ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم- اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام
: اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ
( ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞwho) ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦthat) ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل-أ
: ﻣﺜﻞ، ( وﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪهﺎsuperlative) اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ
1- This is the most exiting story that I ever read. .
هﺬﻩ هﻲ اﻟﻘﺼﺔ اﻷآﺜﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺮأﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ
2- Football is the best game that I ever played. .
آﺮة اﻟﻘﺪم هﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻌﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﻼق
: ﻣﺜﻞ،( ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪwhom) ( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦthat) ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل-ب
1- The man that (whom) we gave the money was one of the
poor..آﺎن اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي أﻋﻄﻴﻨﺎﻩ اﻟﻨﻘﻮد واﺣﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء
2- Do you remember the man whom/that I gave the present?
هﻞ ﺗﺬآﺮ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي أﻋﻄﻴﺘﻪ اﻟﻬﺪﻳﺔ
،(was it, is it, it is, it was) ( ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑthat) ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم-ج
:ﻣﺜﻞ
1- It is a great thing that you start to pray at the age of 7
years. اﻧﻪ ﻟﺸﻲء ﻋﻈﻴﻢ أن ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﻦ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ
2- Is it you that hit the child?
: ( ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔthat) ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ- د
( one, anybody, nobody, somebody, someone, all, only,
anything)
1- Ahmed is the only player that scored two goals in the
match..اﺣﻤﺪ هﻮ اﻟﻼﻋﺐ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺠﻞ هﺪﻓﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة
2- We should thank anybody that helps us in this life.
. ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻧﺸﻜﺮ أي ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة
3- All that glitters is not gold. .ﻣﺎ آﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻤﻊ ذهﺒًﺎ
( ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮthat) ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ-ه
: ﻻﺣﻆ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ،(whose) اﻟﻮﺻﻞ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪا
1-This is the room where I was born. .
This is the room that I was born in.
2- This is the house which was broken in yesterday.
This is the house that was broken in yesterday.
3- This is the doctor whom we visited last week.
This is the doctor that we visited last week.
4- I will never forget the day when we got married.
I will never forget the day that we got married
133 English Grammar For All Levels Murad Sawalmeh
Kinds of Relative Clauses أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ
:ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ هﻤﺎ
وهﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ:(Defining relative clauses) ﺟﻤﻞ وﺻﻞ ﻣﺤﺪدة-1
: ﻣﺜﻞ، ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ وﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺿﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
People who hunt illegally should be punished.
The students who got high marks in the exams were happy.
) هﺬﻩ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ أن اﻟﻄﻼب اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﺼﻠﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ آﺎﻧﻮا ﺳﻌﺪاء أﻣﺎ اﻟﺒﻘﻴﺔ
( آﺎﻧﻮا ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻌﺪاء
: (Non - defining relative clauses) ﺟﻤﻞ وﺻﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪدة-2
وهﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ وﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ
It's put between two ) ﺿﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ وﺗﻘﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺘﻴﻦ
: ﻣﺜﻞ، (commas
Her mother, who is a kind woman, has helped her a lot.
The students, who got high marks in the exams, were happy.
) هﺬﻩ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ أن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻄﻼب اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﺼﻠﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ آﺎﻧﻮا ﺳﻌﺪاء ﺳﻮاء
.( ﻓﻼ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﺠﺤﻮا واﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﺠﺤﻮا،آﺎﻧﻮا ﻧﺎﺟﺤﻴﻦ أم ﻻ
Exercise
- Choose the suitable answer from those in brackets.
:اﺧﺘﺮ اﻟﺠﻮاب اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻗﻮاس
1- A playwright is a person …….. writes plays.
( which, who, whose).
2- A teacher is a person …….. job is to teach students.
( whom, who, whose).
3- The book ……….. I bought last week is interesting.
( which, how, who).
4- The apartment …….. Ahmed lives is mine.
( when, what, where).
5- The house ……… is surrounded by trees is ours.
( which, whom, who)
6- This is the man ……….. I told you about.
( whom, whose, which).
134 English Grammar For All Levels Murad Sawalmeh
7- W.B Yeats is the poet ………was awarded the Noble Prize for
literature.
(which, whom, who)
8- The man ……car was stolen is very sad.
(whom, whose, who).
9- The student ……. I saw yesterday won the prize.
(whom, whose, which).
10- All the trees ……. were here have been cut out.
( who, whose, that).
11- This is the reason........... she stopped writing.
( what, where, why).
12- The room ............ he sleeps is that.
( when, why, where).
13- The man from............ we buy the newspapers has three children.
( whom, who, which).
14- The student ......... the teacher dismissed is lazy.
( which, whose, whom).
15- The car ........ colour is red belongs to us.
( whose, which, who).
16- The man ............. car you bought is a friend of mine.
( whose, which, who).
17- The boy ............. father is a teacher wrote this book.
( whose, which, who's).
18- She attended the meeting.............. was held last week.
( whose, which, where).
19-7: 55 is the time ............... my lesson begins.
( whose, when, where).
20-The house ................ he lives is very expensive.
( whose, when, where).
- Use relatives to combine the following sentences as
in the example.
ارﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺿﻤﻴﺮ وﺻﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ
:ﻣﺜﺎل
The boy won the prize. He is my friend.
The boy who won the prize is my friend.
1- The man looks sad. His car was stolen.
2- The man is British. I met him yesterday.
3- The robbery happened last night. This is the place.
4- It is the most beautiful car. I have ever seen it.
