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SMA104-Formula Sheet: Fundamental Algebraic Laws

The document contains a formula sheet listing key algebraic, trigonometric, calculus, and vector formulas. It includes laws of exponents, rules for addition/subtraction of integers, trigonometric ratios, the quadratic formula, differentiation rules like the product rule and chain rule, and definitions of indefinite and definite integrals. The sheet is intended as a reference for fundamental mathematical concepts for students at Charles Darwin University.

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128 views6 pages

SMA104-Formula Sheet: Fundamental Algebraic Laws

The document contains a formula sheet listing key algebraic, trigonometric, calculus, and vector formulas. It includes laws of exponents, rules for addition/subtraction of integers, trigonometric ratios, the quadratic formula, differentiation rules like the product rule and chain rule, and definitions of indefinite and definite integrals. The sheet is intended as a reference for fundamental mathematical concepts for students at Charles Darwin University.

Uploaded by

Neolisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SMA104-Formula sheet

Charles Darwin University

Fundamental Algebraic Laws:


Commutative Law of Addition

 a+ b=b+a

Associative Law of Addition

 a+(b+ c)=(a+ b)+ c

Commutative Law of Multiplication

 ab=ba

Associative Law of Multiplication

 a ( bc )=( ab ) c

Distributive Law

 a (b+c )=ab+ ac

Adding and Subtracting Integers

 a+(−b)=a−b
 a−(−b )=a+b

Exponent Rules:
Product Rule

 a m × an=am +n

Quotient Rule

am m−n
 n
=a (a ≠ 0)
a

Power of a Power Rule

 (a m)n =amn

Power of a Product Rule

 ( ab )m=a m b m
Power of a Quotient Rule

a n an
 ()
b
= n (b ≠ 0)
b

Negative Exponent Rule


1
 a−n=
an

Fraction Exponent Rule


1
 a =√n a
n

Product Rule for Radicals

 √ ab=√ a √ b ( a and b are positive real numbers)

Trigonometric Ratios:
side opposite φ
 sin φ=
hypotenuse

hypotenuse
 csc φ=
side opposite φ

side adjacent φ
 cos φ=
hypotenuse

hypotenuse
 sec φ=
side adjacent φ

side opposite φ
 tan φ=
side adjacent φ

side adjacent φ
 cot φ=
side opposite φ
Polynomials:
Special Products

 ¿

 ¿

 ( x +a)(x +b)=x 2 +( a+b)x +ab

 ( x + y )( x− y)=x2 − y 2

 ¿

 ¿

 ( x + y ) ( x 2−xy + y2 ) =x 3+ y 3

 ( x− y ) ( x 2+ xy + y2 ) =x 3− y 3

Quadratics:
The General Quadratic Equation (Standard Form)

 ax 2 +bx +c=0

The Quadratic Formula

(−b ± √ b2 −4 ac)
 x=
(2 a)

Vertex Coordinates

−b −b
 ( 2a
,f( ))
2a

Vectors:
 A x = A cos φ

 A y =A sin φ
 R=√ A x 2+ A y 2
| A y|
 φ ref =tan −1
( )
| A x|
Law of Sines
a b c
 = =
sin A sin B sin C

Law of Cosines

 a 2=b2 +c 2−2 bc cos A

Calculus:
Definition of Derivative

lim f ( x +h ) −f (x )
 dy h →0
=
dx h

Limit sin θ
lim sin θ
 θ→0
=1
θ

Power Rule for Differentiation

d ( x n)
 =n x n−1
dx

Constant Factor Rule

d (c × u) du
 =c
dx dx

Product Rule

d (u × v) dv du
 =u + v
dx dx dx

Quotient Rule
u du dv
d ( ) v −u
 v dx dx
=
dx v 2

Chain Rule

dy dy du
 = ×
dx du dx

General Power Rule

d un du

dx
=nu n−1
dx( )
Indefinite Integral

 ∫ f ( x ) dx=F ( x ) +C
Power Rule for Integration
n +1
u
 ∫ u n du= n+1 +C (n ≠−1)

Constant Factor Rule

 ∫ cdu=¿ c ∫ du=cu+C ¿
Area Under a Curve
b
 A=[∫ f ( x ) dx ]a=F ( b )−F ( a )

Definite Integral
b

 ∫ f ( x ) dx=F ( b )−F ( a )
a

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