GHANA TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICTIONS ENGINEERING

BSC TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
MCROWAVE COMPONENTS AND CIRCUIT
MID DEMESTER EXAMS
DURATION :1HR
SECTION A
1. Transmission line is a _________ parameter network.
a) lumped b) distributed c) active d) none of the mentioned
ANSWER: B
2. What mismatch loss does a VSWR of 4.50/1 represent?
a) 2.25dB b) 0.636dB c) 0.6dB d)22.5Db
ANSWER: 2.25dB

3. A transmission line is terminated at one end by (+ j50) ohm. If the characteristics

impedance of the line is 50 ohms. What will be the VSWR produced by it in the
transmission line. a) ∞ b) 0 c) 1 d) 2

ANSWER: Infinity (∞)

4. A load impedance, (50 + j0) Ω is to be matched to a 50 Ω lossless transmission line by

using a quarter wave line transformer (QWT). The characteristic impedance of the QWT
required is
 a) 50 𝛀 B) 2500 𝛀 c) 1 𝛀 d)1250 𝛀

ANSWER: A
5. A choke flag may be used to coupled waveguides
a) To increase the bandwidth of the system b) It helps in alignment of the waveguide c)
To compensate for discontinuities at the joint d) To help lubricate the waveguide joints
ANSWER: C
6. To get an admittance chart from an impedance chart:
a) Smith chart has to be rotated by 180⁰ b) Smith chart has to be rotated by 90⁰
c) Admittance chart cannot be obtained from the impedance chart anyway.
d) None of the mentioned
ANSWER: A
7. Ferrite isolators are ____ port microwave devices.
a) Three b) Two c) Four d) None of the mentioned
ANSWER: B
8. Waveguides act as _____.
a) band-stop filter b) bandpass filter c) low-pass filter d) High-pass filter
ANSWER: D
9. Smith chart is based on the polar plot of:
a) Reactance b) Voltage c) Current d) Voltage reflection co-efficient
ANSWER: D

10. In a twin – wire transmission line in air, the adjacent voltage maximum are at 20cm and
50cm. The operating frequency is (a) 0.5GHz (b) 0.5MHz (c) 2 GHz (d) 6.28
GHz
ANSWER: A

11. A transmission line of pure resistive characteristic impedance is terminated with an

unknown load. The measured value of VSWR on the line is equal to 2 and a voltage
minimum point is found to be at the load. The load impedance is then
(a) Complex (b) Purely capacitive (c) Purely resistive (d)Purely
inductive
ANSWER:C
12. A transmission line of characteristic impedance 50Ω is terminated by a 50Ω load. When
excited by a sinusoidal voltage source at 10 GHz, the phase difference between two
points spaced 2 mm apart on the line is found to be π/4 radians. The phase velocity of the
wave along the line is
(a) 0.8 × 108 𝑚/𝑠 (b)1.2 × 108 𝑚/𝑠 (c) 1.6 × 108 𝑚/𝑠 (d)3 × 108
𝑚/𝑠
ANSWER: C

13. A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50Ω and a resistance of 0.1 Ω/m. If
the line is distortion less, the attenuation constant (in Np/m) is
(a) 500 (b)5 (c) 0.014 (d)0.002
ANSWER: D

14. The VSWR can have any value between

(a) 0 and 1 (b)– 1 and + 1 (c) 0 and ∞ (d)1 and ∞
ANSWER: D

15. A transmission line is distortion less if

(a) 𝑅𝐿 = 1 𝑅𝐶 (b)𝑅𝐿 = 𝐺𝐶 (c) 𝑅𝐿 = 𝑅𝐶 (d)𝑅𝐿 = 𝐿C
ANSWER: D

16. Characteristic impedance of a transmission line is:

a) impedance Z of a transmission line
b) impedance which is a constant at any point on the transmission line
c) reciprocal of admittance of a transmission line
d) none of the mentioned
ANSWER: A

17. The magnitudes of the open – circuit and short – circuit input impedances of a
transmission line are 50 Ω and 25 Ω respectively. The characteristic impedance of the
line is.
a) 1 𝛀 B) 0.5𝛀 c) 2 𝛀 d) 35.35 𝛀
ANSWER: D

18. The main disadvantage of using coaxial cable for microwave signals is its
a) High attenuation b) High sensitivity c) Low distortion d) Low selectivity
ANSWER: A
 19. For a lossless line, which of the following is true?
a) γ=jβ b) γ=α c) γ=α+jβ d) γ=α*jβ
ANSWER: A

20. What thermal noise would be generated by a 750-Ω resistor in a circuit with a bandwidth
of 40kHz if the environmental temperature is 30° C ?
a) 304K b) 302K c)303K d)301K
ANSWER: C

21. Normalized impedance of 0.3+j0.4 lies in the:

a) Upper half of the impedance smith chart b) Lower half of the impedance smith chart
c) Horizontal line of the chart d) None of the mentioned
ANSWER: A

22. The wave resulting from the addition of the incident and reflected waves is called
a) standing wave b) reflection coefficient c) voltage standing wave ratio
ANSWER: A
23. What happens when the source impedance at the input of the line is equal to the
characteristic impedance of the line
a) Mismatch b) no mismatch c) termination d) Reflection
b)
ANSWER: A

24. If the inductance of a transmission line is 1.119 µH/m and the capacitance is 12.3 pF/m,
find the time required for the wave to travel 1 m of length down the line.
a) 3.74ns b)3.72 c)3.73ns d)3.71 ns
ANSWER: D

25. A lossless transmission line having 100 Ω characteristic impedance and length 𝜆⁄4 is short
circuited at one end and connected to an ideal voltage source of 1V at the other end. The
current drawn from the voltage sources is
a) 0 Ω b) 0.22 A c) ∞ Ω d) None of the mentioned
ANSWER: A

26. At low frequencies, voltage and current waves are considered to affect the entire circuit at
the same instant of time. True/False
ANSWER: TRUE
 27. What is the difference between -16 and 22 dBm?
a) 38 b) -38 c) 6 b) -6
ANSWER: A

28. The input to a three-stage system as shown in Fig.below -12dBm.The power gain of the
first stage is 40dB, for the second stage a loss of 35, and for the third stage a gain of 25
dB. What is the power output mW?

a) 0.0631 mW b) 63.1 mW c) 0.0063mW d) 0.633mW

ANSWER: B

29. The skin effect is a phenomenon observed in

a) Insulators b) Dielectrics c) Conductors d) Semiconductors
ANSWER:C

30. The relative permittivity depends on the material of the medium surrounding the charges.
True/False
ANSWER: TRUE

31. The field strength varies inversely as the square of the distance from the test charge to the
charge. True/False
ANSWER: TRUE

32. How much larger in decibels is 125 W than 45 W?

a) 4.55dB b) 44.5dB c) 44.4dB d) 4.44 dB
ANSWER: D

33. The method of orientation used is polarization whereby the E field in the vertical
direction is called a) Phase polarization b) vertical polarization
c) E field polarization d) horizontal polarization
ANSWER: B
34. When the end of the transmission line is terminated in short, the voltage at the short is
equivalent to a) 1 b) 0 c) 3 d) 4
ANSWER: B

35. What is intrinsic impedance in free space?

a) 378.5 Ω b)378.7 Ω c) 375.7 Ω d) 376.7Ω
ANSWER: D

36. When the magnetic field H is transverse to the direction of the wave and the electric field
E has components transverse and in the direction of the wave, the electromagnetic wave
is called a) TM wave b) TEM wave c) TE wave
ANSWER: A

37. What is the phase shift of line that is 0.560λ long?

a) 201.6° b) 216.6° c) 261.6° d) 266.6°
ANSWER: A

38. Calculate the wavelength in millimeter for an electromagnetic wave in a dielectric

medium of ϵ’ = 2 for a frequency of 100 GHz
a) 2.12mm b) 3.11 c) 2.5mm d) 3.12mm
ANSWER: A
39. Which of the following is not part of the microwave bands?
a) L b) kx c) ka d) X
ANSWER: B

40. Microwaves operate in the frequency range of

a) 300MHz -300GHz b) 3000MHz -3000GHz c) 30MHz d) 3MHz
ANSWER: A

SECTION C
ANSWER BY WRITING WHETHER TRUE OR FALSE

41. Reflections will occur in a transmission line for either an incident or reflected wave
whenever a mismatched is encountered. …………………..
ANSWER: TRUE
42. If the source impedance at the input of the line is equal to the characteristic impedance of
the line, no mismatch will result and the incident wave will not be reflected ………….
ANSWER: TRUE
43. A standing wave can occur only if the frequencies of the incident and reflected waves are
the different………….
ANSWER: True
44. Stripline does not have the shielding advantage of the microstrip since there is no second
ground. Therefore, it has a higher radiation loss. True/False
ANSWER: False
45. In a short circuit the potential difference between the two terminals is zero. ………..
ANSWER: TRUE
46. A wave traveling down a transmission line at a given velocity encounters only one unit
section of the line at a given instant of time……………
ANSWER: True
47. For two wire line the principal mode of propagation is called the transverse EM waves
………….
48. The term mismatch is used to describe the loss caused by reflection due to a mismatched
line…………….
ANSWER: True
49. The depth of penetration of current density is define as the skin effect. …………….
ANSWER: False
50. The power that reflects back down the transmission line is also known as bidirectional
power loss ……….
ANSWER: True
51. The upper half of the outer circle scale of the Smith chart represents the inductive
reactive component …………….
ANSWER: TRUE

52. If a pure resistance load, when connected to a lossless 75 ohm line, produce a VSWR of 3
on the line, then the load impedance can only be 25 ohms. True/False
ANSWER: FALSE

53. Ridged waveguides has a merit of increasing the characteristics impedance and lowering
the bandwidth of the waveguide. True/False
ANSWER: FALSE

SECTION C
PROVIDE ANSWER FOR THE FOLLOWING SECTION
54. The combination of electric and magnetic waves is called …………………………….
 ANSWER: Eletromagnetic Waves
55. The directional energy flux (the energy transfer per unit area per unit time) of an
electromagnetic field is known as ……………………
ANSWER: Poynting theorem
56. Power can be referenced to a power level of ……………. W
ANSWER: 0.001mw
57. …………………………are planes perpendicular to the direction of propagation, that
move in that direction together with the wave.
ANSWER: Transverse wave
58. The degree is motion is dependent on the absolute temperature of the environment and is
called ………………………………...
ANSWER: Absolute Temperature
59. The basic unit of charge is the coulomb (C) and is the charge contained in
…………………. electrons.
ANSWER: 6.25 x 1018 electrons
60. Any physical structure that will guide an electromagnetic wave from place to place is
defined as a …………………………….
ANSWER: Transmission Lines
61. As a signal propagate down a pair of conductors each new section acts eclectically as a
small lumped circuit elements called …………………….
ANSWER: lossless transmission line model
62. A lossless line is defined as a transmission line that has no …………………………. and
no ……………………….
ANSWER: no line resistance and no dielectric loss.

63. The amount of the voltage wave reflected back down the line is defined as
………………………….
ANSWER: voltage reflection coefficient

64. At 2GHz what is the time of one cycle of the wave? ……………
ANSWER: 500 ps

65. How much larger in decibels is 125 W than 45 W?.................

ANSWER: 4.44 dB

66. How many watts is 23 dBm?.....................

ANSWER: 0.1995 W
67. The voltage standing wave cause by mismatched load has a maximum value of 50V and a
minimum value of 30V. What is the VSWR…………. and the SWR……………. (dB)?
ANSWER: 1.67 and 4.44 dB respectively

68. What is the maximum impedance that can occur on a transmission line with a VSWR of
4.0 if Z0 = 75 Ω…………….
ANSWER: 300 Ω

69. What is expected VSWR for a transmission line with a reflection coefficient of
0.4?.............
ANSWER: 2.33 Ω

70. What is intrinsic impedance in free space?...............

ANSWER: 376.7Ω

71. What is the skin depth for a copper wire with a resistivity of 1.725 x 10 -8 Ω/m when the
frequency of operation is 6GHz? ……………….
ANSWER: 0.854μm.

72. Characteristic impedance of a transmission line is 50Ω. Input impedance of the open
circuited line is 𝑍0𝐶 = 100 + 𝑗 150Ω. When the transmission line is short circuited then
the value of the input impedance will be …………………
ANSWER: 7.69 − 𝑗 11.54Ω

73. To make measurement of power in the microwave region is necessary to convert EM

signals into dc currents. ……………
ANSWER: Detection

74. The input impedance of a 𝜆/8 section of a lossless transmission line of characteristic
impedance 50 Ω is found to be real when the other end is terminated by a load 𝑍𝐿 = 𝑅 +
𝑗𝑋. If X is 30 Ω, the value of R is ………………….
ANSWER: 𝑹 = 𝟒𝟎 𝛀

75. A lossless transmission line in air has a length 50 cm with 𝐿 = 10𝜇𝐻/𝑚, 𝐶 = 40𝑃𝐹/𝑚 is
operated at 25 MHz what is the length of its electrical path ……………………
ANSWER: 2 meters
76. When a voltage wave travels down a transmission line encounters short, it is reflected
back down the line and adds the incidents wave to form a standing wave, hence the value
of the voltage at short becomes ………
ANSWER: Zero

77. The lowest frequency for which it’s possible to propagate through a specific waveguide is
referred to as ……………
ANSWER: Principal or dominant wave mode

78. The relationship of power into the coupler to the power out of the auxiliary arm is called
the …………….
ANSWER: Coupling factor

79. Coaxial cavities are used as ……………

ANSWER: Wavemeters

80. Admittance values ae read of the smith chart as …………….. and ……………
ANSWER: conductance and succeptance