Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths

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Book Name: Selina Concise

EXERCISE 15(A)

Question 1:
State, true or false:
(i) Two similar polygons are necessarily congruent.
(ii) Two congruent polygons are necessarily similar.
(iii) all equiangular triangles are similar
(iv) all isosceles triangles are similar.
(v) Two isosceles – right triangles are similar
(vi) Two isosceles triangles are similar, if an angle of one is congruent to the corresponding
angle of the other.
(vii) The diagonals of a trapezium, divide each other into proportional segments.
Solution 1:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) True
(iv) False
(v) True
(vi) True
(vii) True

Question 2:
In triangle ABC, DE is parallel to BC; where D and E are the points on AB and AC respectively.
Prove: ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC.
Also, find the length of DE, if AD = 12 cm, BD = 24 cm BC = 8 cm.
Solution 2:

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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In ∆ ADE and ∆ ABC, DE is parallel to BC, so corresponding angles are equal.

ADE  ABC
AED  ACB
Hence, ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC (By AA similarity criterion)
AD DE
 
AB BC
12 DE

12  24 8
12 8 2
DE   8   2
36 3 3
2
Hence, DE = 2 cm
3

Question 3:
Given: GHE  DFE  90 ,
DH = 8, DF = 12,
DG = 3x – 1 and DE = 4x + 2.

Find: the lengths of segments DG and DE

Solution 3:
In ∆DHG and ∆DFE,
GHD  DFE  90
D  D (Common)
∴ ∆DHG ~ ∆DFE
DH DG
 
DF DE

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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8 3x  1
 
12 4x  2
 32x  16  36x  12
 28  4x
x7
 DG  3  7  1  20
DE  4  7  2  30

Question 4:
D is a point on the side BC of triangle ABC such that angle ADC is equal to angle BAC. Prove
that: CA2 = CB × CD
Solution 4:
In ∆ADC and ∆BAC,
∠ADC = ∠BAC (Given)
∠ACD = ∠ACB (Common)
∴ ∆ADC ~ ∆BAC
CA CD
∴ 
CB CA
Hence, CA2 = CB × CD

Question 5:
In the given figure, ∆ ABC and ∆ AMP are right angled at B and M respectively.
Given AC = 10 cm, AP = 15 cm and PM = 12 cm.
(i) Prove ∆ ABC ~ ∆ AMP
(ii) Find AB and BC

Solution 5:
(i) In ∆ ABC and ∆ AMP,
∠ BAC = ∠PAM [Common]

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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∠ ABC = ∠ PMA [Each = 90°]

∆ ABC ~ ∆ AMP [AA Similarity]
(ii)
AM = AP2  PM2  152  122  11
Since ∆ ABC − ∆ AMP,
AB BC AC
 
AM PM AP
AB BC AC
  
AM PM AP
AB BC 10
  
11 12 15
From this we can write,
AB 10

11 15
10  11
 AB   7.33
15
BC 10

12 15
 BC  8cm

Question 6:
E and F are the points in sides DC and AB respectively of parallelogram ABCD. If diagonal AC
and segment EF intersect at G; prove that:
AG × EG = FG × CG
Solution 6:

In ∆EGC and ∆FGA

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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∠ECG = ∠FAG (Alternate angles as AB ∥ CD)

∠EGC = ∠FGA (Vertically opposite angles)
∆EGC ~ ∆FGA (By AA – similarity)
EG CG
 
FG AG
AG × EG = FG × CG

Question 7:
Given: RS and PT are altitudes of ∆PQR. Prove that:
(i) ∆ PQT ~ ∆QRS
(ii) PQ × QS = RQ × QT
Solution 7:

(i)
In ∆PQT and ∆QRS,
∠PTQ = ∠RSQ = 90° (Given)
∠PQT = ∠RQS (Common)
∆PQT ~ ∆ RQS (By AA similarity)
(ii)
Since, triangle PQT and RQS are similar
PQ QT
 
RQ QS
⇒ PQ × QS = RQ × QT

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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Question 8:
Given: ABCD is a rhombus, DRP and CBR are straight lines.

Prove that:
DP × CR = DC × PR
Solution 8:
In ∆DPA and ∆RPC,
∠DPA = ∠RPC (Vertically opposite angles)
∠PAD = ∠PCR (Alternate angles)
∆DPA ~ ∆RPC
DP AD
 
PR CR
DP DC
 (AD = DC, as ABCD is rhombus)
PR CR
Hence, DP × CR = DC × PR

Question 9:
Given: FB = FD, AE ⊥ FD and FC ⊥ AD
FB BC
Prove: 
AD ED

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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Solution 9:
Given, FB = FD
∴ ∠FDB = ∠FBD ……….(1)
In ∆AED = ∆FCB,
∠AED = ∠FCB = 90°
∠ADE = ∠FBC [using (1)]
∆AED ~ ∆FCB [ By AA similarity]
AD ED
 
FB BC
FB BC

AD ED

Question 10:
In ∆ ABC, ∠B = 2 ∠C and the bisector of angle B meets CA at point D. Prove that:
(i) ∆ ABC and ∆ ABD are similar,
(ii) DC: AD = BC: AB
Solution 10:

(i) Since, BD is the bisector of angle B,

∠ABD = ∠DBC
Also, given ∠B =2∠C

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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∴∠ABD = ∠DBC = ∠ACB .... (1)

In ∆ ABC and ∆ ABD,
∠BAC = ∠DAB (Common)
∠ACB = ∠ABD (Using (1))
∴∆ABC ~ ∆ADB (By AA similarity)
(ii) Since, triangles ABC and ADB are similar,
BC AB
 
BD AD
BC BD

AB AD
BC DC
 (∠DBC = ∠DCB ⇒ DC = BD)
AB AD
BC : AB = DC : AD

Question 11:
In ∆PQR, ∠Q = 90° and QM is perpendicular to PR. Prove that:
(i) PQ2 = PM × PR
(ii) QR 2  PR  MR
(iii) PQ 2 + QR2 = PR2
Solution 11:

(i) In ∆PQM and ∆PQR,

∠PMQ = ∠PQR = 90°
∠QPM = ∠RPQ (Common)
∴ ∆PQM ~ ∆PRQ (By AA Similarity)

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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PQ PM
 
PR PQ
⇒ PQ2 = PM × PR
(ii) In ∆QMR and ∆PQR,
∠QMR = ∠PQR = 90°
∠QRM = ∠QRP (Common)
∴∆ QRM ~ ∆PQR (By AA similarity)
QR MR
 
PR QR
 QR 2  PR  MR
(iii) Adding the relations obtained in (i) and (ii), we get,
PQ 2 + QR2 = PM × PR + PR × MR
= PR(PM + MR)
= PR × PR
= PR2

Question 12:
In ∆ABC, right – angled at C, CD ⊥ AB. Prove: CD2  AD  DB
Solution 12:

In ∆ CDB,
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 = 180o
∠1 + ∠3 = 90o ...... (1)(Since, ∠2 = 90o )
∠3 + ∠4 = 90o ...... (2) (Since, ∠ACB = 90o )
From (1) and (2),
∠1 + ∠3 = ∠3 + ∠4

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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∠1 = ∠4
Also, ∠2 = ∠5 = 90o
∴ ∆BDC ~ ∆CDA (By AA similarity)
DB CD
 
CD AD
 CD2  AD  DB

Question 13:
In ∆ABC, ∠B = 90° and BD ⊥ AC.
(i) If CD = 10 cm and BD = 8 cm; find AD.
(ii) IF AC = 18 cm and AD = 6cm; find BD.
(iii) If AC = 9 cm and AB = 7cm; find AD.
Solution 13:

(i) In ∆ CDB,
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 = 180o
∠1 + ∠3 = 90o ..... (1)(Since, ∠2 = 90o )
∠3 + ∠4 = 90o .....(2) (Since, ∠ABC = 90o )
From (1) and (2),
∠1 + ∠3 = ∠3 + ∠4
∠1 = ∠4
Also, ∠2 = ∠5 = 90o
∴ ∆CDB ~ ∆BDA (By AA similarity)
CD BD
 
BD AD
 BD 2  AD  CD

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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  8   AD  10
2

 AD  6.4
Hence, AD = 6.4 cm
(ii) Also, by similarity, we have:
BD CD

DA BD
BD2  6  18  6 
BD2  72
Hence, BD  8.5 cm
(iii)
Clearly, ∆ADB ~ ∆ABC
AD AB
 
AB AC
7  7 49 4
AD   5
9 9 9
4
Hence, AD  5 cm
9

Question 14:
In the figure, PQRS is a parallelogram with PQ = 16 cm and QR = 10cm, L is a point on PR
such that RL: LP = 2: 3. QL produced meets RS at M and PS produced at N.

Find the lengths of PN and RM.

Solution 14:
In ∆RLQ and ∆PLN,
∠RLQ = ∠PLN (Vertically opposite angles)
∠LRQ = ∠LPN (Alternate angles)
∆RLQ ~ ∆PLN (AA Similarity)

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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RL RQ
 
LP PN
2 10

3 PN
PN = 15 cm
In ∆RLM and ∆PLQ
∠RLM = ∠PLQ (Vertically opposite angles)
∠LRM= ∠LPQ (Alternate angles)
∆RLM ~ ∆PLQ (AA Similarity)
RM RL
 
PQ LP
RM 2

16 3
32 2
RM   10 cm
3 3

Question 15:
In quadrilateral ABCD, diagonals AC and BD intersect at point E such that
AE: EC = BE: ED
Show that ABCD is a parallelogram.
Solution 15:
Given, AE : EC = BE : ED
Draw EF || AB

In ∆ABD, EF || AB
Using Basic Proportionality theorem,
DF DE

FA EB
DE CE
But, given 
EB EA

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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DF CE
∴ 
FA EA
DF CE
Thus, in ∆DCA, E and F are points on CA and DA respectively such that 
FA EA
Thus, by converse of Basic proportionality theorem, FE || DC.
But, FE || AB.
Hence, AB || DC.
Thus, ABCD is a trapezium.

Question 16:
Given: AB || DE and BC || EF. Prove that:
AD CF
(i) 
DG FG
(ii) ∆DFG ~ ∆ACG

Solution 16:
(i) In ∆AGB, DE || AB , by Basic proportionality theorem,
GD GE
 …………(1)
DA EB
In ∆GBC, EF || BC, by Basic proportionality theorem,
GE GF
 ……………(2)
EB FC
From (1) and (2), we get,
GD GF

DA FC
AD CF

DG FG

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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(ii)
From (i), we have:
AD CF

DG FG
∠DGF = ∠AGC (Common)
∴ ∆DFG ~ ∆ACG (SAS similarity)

Question 17:
In triangle ABC, AD is perpendicular to side BC and AD2 = BD × DC.
Show that angle BAC = 90°
Solution 17:

Given AD2 = BD × DC
AD BD

DC AD
∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90°
∴∆DBA ~ ∆DAC (SAS similarity)
So, these two triangles will be equiangular.
∴ ∠1 = ∠C and ∠2 = ∠B
∠1 + ∠2 = ∠B +∠C
∠A = ∠B +∠C
By angle sum property,
∠A +∠B +∠C = 180°
2∠A = 180°
∠A = ∠BAC = 90°

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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Question 18:
In the given figure, AB ∥ EF ∥ DC; AB = 67.5 cm, DC = 40.5 cm and AE = 52.5 cm.

(i) Name the three pairs of similar triangles.

(ii) Find the lengths of EC and EF.
Solution 18:
(i) The three pair of similar triangles are:
∆BEF and ∆BDC
∆CEF and ∆CAB
∆ABE and ∆CDE
(ii) Since, ∆ABE and ∆CDE are similar,
AB AE

CD CE
67.5 52.5

40.5 CE
CE = 31.5 cm
Since, ∆CEF and ∆CAB are similar,
CE EF

CA AB
31.5 EF

52.5  31.5 67.5
31.5 EF

84 67.5
2126.25
EF 
84
405 5
EF   25 cm
16 16

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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Question 19:
In the given figure, QR is parallel to AB and DR is parallel to AB and DR is parallel to QB.
Prove that:

PQ 2 = PD × PA
Solution 19:
Given, QR is parallel to AB. Using Basic proportionality theorem,
PQ PR
  ……………(1)
PA PB
Also, DR is parallel to QB. Using Basic proportionality theorem,
PD PR
  ……………..(2)
PQ PB
From (1) and (2), we get,
PQ PD

PA PQ
PQ 2 = PD × PA

Question 20:
Through the mid-point M of the side CD of a parallelogram ABCD, the line BM is drawn
intersecting diagonal AC in L and AD produced in E. Prove that: EL = 2 BL.
Solution 20:

∠1 = ∠6 (Alternate interior angles)

∠2 = ∠3 (Vertically opposite angles)

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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DM = MC (M is the mid-point of CD)

∴ ∆DEM ≅ ∆CBM (AAS congruence criterion)
So, DE = BC (Corresponding parts of congruent triangles)
Also, AD = BC (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
⇒ AE = AD + DE = 2BC
Now, ∠1 = ∠6 and ∠4 = ∠5
∴ ∆ELA ~ ∆BC (AA similarity)
EL EA
 
BL BC
EL 2BC
  2
BL BC
 E  2BL

Question 21:
In the figure, given below, P is a point on AB such that AP : PB = 4 : 3. PQ is parallel to AC.

(i) Calculate the ratio PQ : AC, giving reason for your answer.
(ii) In triangle ARC, ∠ARC = 90°. Given QS = 6cm, calculate the length of AR.
Solution 21:
(i) Given, AP : PB = 4 : 3.
Since, PQ || AC. Using Basic Proportionality theorem,
AP CQ

PB QB
CQ 4
 
QB 3
BQ 3
  ………….(1)
BC 7
Now, ∠PQB = ∠ACB (Corresponding angles)
∠QPB = ∠CAB (Corresponding angles)
∴∆PBQ ~ ∆ABC (AA similarity)

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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PQ BQ
 
AC BC
PQ 3
  [using (1)]
AC 7
(ii) ∠ARC = ∠QSP = 90o
∠ACR = ∠SPQ (Alternate angles)
∴∆ARC ~ ∆QSP (AA similarity)
AR AC
 
QS PQ
AR 7
 
QS 3
76
 AR   14cm
3

Question 22:
In the right-angled triangle QPR, PM is an altitude.
Given that QR = 8cm and MQ = 3.5 cm, calculate the value of PR.

Solution 22:
We have
∠QPR = ∠PMR = 90°
∠PRQ = ∠PRM (common)
∆PQR ~ ∆MPR (AA similarity)
QR PR
 
PR MR
PR2 = 8 × 4.5 = 36
PR = 6 cm

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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Question 23:
In the figure, given below, the medians BD and CE of a triangle ABC meet at G. Prove that:
(i) ∆ EGD ~ ∆CGB and
(ii) BG = 2 GD from (i) above.

Solution 23:
(i) Since, BD and CE are medians.
AD = DC
AE = BE
Hence, by converse of Basic Proportionality theorem,
ED || BC
In ∆EGD and ∆CGB,
∠DEG = ∠GCB (alternate angles)
∠EGD = ∠BGC (Vertically opposite angles)
∆EGD ~ ∆CGB (AA similarity)
(ii) since, ∆EGD ~ ∆CGB
GD ED
 ……… (1)
GB BC
In ∆AED and ∆ABC,
∠AED = ∠ABC (Corresponding angles)
∠EAD = ∠BAC (Common)
∆EAD ~ ∆BAC (AA similarity)
ED AE 1
   (since, E is the mid – point of AB)
BC AB 2
ED 1
 
BC 2
From (1),
GD 1

GB 2
GB  2GD

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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EXERCISE. 15(B)

Question 1:
(i) The ratio between the corresponding sides of two similar triangles is 2 is to 5. Find the ratio
between the areas of these triangles.
(ii) Area of two similar triangles are 98 sq.cm and 128 sq.cm. Find the ratio between the lengths
of their corresponding sides.
Solution 1:
We know that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of squares of
their corresponding sides.
22 4
(i) Required ratio = 2

5 25
98 49 7
(ii) Required ratio =  
128 64 8

Question 2:
A line PQ is drawn parallel to the base BC of ∆ABC which meets sides AB and AC at points P
1
and Q respectively. If AP = PB; find the value of:
3
Area of ABC
(i)
Area of APQ
Area of APQ
(ii)
Area of trapezium PBCQ
Solution 2:

1 AP 1
(i) AP = PB  
3 PB 3
In ∆APQ and ∆ABC,

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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As PQ ∥ BC, corresponding angles are equal

∠APQ = ∠ABC
∠AQP = ∠ACB
∆APQ ~ ∆ABC
Area of ABC AB2

Area of APQ AP 2
42
= 2 = 16 : 1
1
 AP 1 AB 4 
    
 PB 3 AP 1 
Area of APQ
Area of trapezium PBCQ
Area of APQ
=
Area of ABC -Area of APQ
1
= =1:5
16  1

Question 3:
The perimeter of two similar triangles are 30 cm and 24 cm. If one side of the first triangle is 12
cm, determine the corresponding side of the second triangle.
Solution 3:
Let ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
AB BC AC AB  BC  AC
Then,   
DE EF DF DE  EF  DF
Perimeter of ABC
=
Perimeter of DEF

Perimeter of ABC AB
⇒ =
Perimeter of DEF DE
30 12
⇒ 
24 DE
⇒ DE = 9.6 cm

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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Question 4:
In the given figure, AX : XB = 3: 5

Find:
(i) the length of BC, if the length of XY is 18 cm.
(ii) the ratio between the areas of trapezium XBCY and triangle ABC.
Solution 4:
AX 3 AX 3
Given,    ……………..(1)
XB 5 AB 8
(i)
In ∆AXY and ∆ABC,
As XY ∥ BC, Corresponding angles are equal
∠AXY = ∠ABC
∠AYX = ∠ACB
∆AXY ~ ∆ABC
AX XY
 
AB BC
3 18
 
8 BC
⇒ BC = 48 cm
(ii)
Area of AXY
2
AX 9
= 
Area of ABC AB2
64
Area of ABC -Area of AXY 64  9 55
= 
Area of ABC 64 64
Area of trapezium XBCY 55
=
Area of ABC 64

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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Question 5:
ABC is a triangle. PQ is a line segment intersecting AB in P and AC in Q such that PQ ∥ BC
and divides triangle ABC into two parts equal in area. Find the value of ratio BP : AB.
Solution 5:

From the given information, we have:

1
ar (∆APQ) = ar(∆ABC)
2
ar  APQ  1
 
ar  ABC  2
AP2 1
 
AB2 2
AP 1
 
AB 2
AB  BP 1
 
AB 2
BP 1
 1 
AB 2
BP 1
  1
AB 2
BP 2 1 2 2
  
AB 2 2

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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Question 6:
In the given triangle PQR, LM is parallel to QR and PM : MR = 3: 4

Calculate the value of ratio:

PL LM
(i) and then
PQ QR

Area of LMN Area of LQM

(ii) (iii)
Area of MNR Area of LQN
Solution 6:
(i)
In ∆PLM and ∆PQR,
As LM ∥ QR, Corresponding angles are equal
∠PLM = ∠PQR
∠PML = ∠PRQ
∆PLM ~ ∆PQR
3 LM  PM 3 PM 3 
⟹      
7 QR  MR 4 PR 7 
Also, by using basic proportionality theorem, we have:
PL PM 3
 
LQ MR 4
LQ 4
 
PL 3
LQ 4
 1  1
PL 3
PL  LQ 3  4
 
PL 3
PQ 7
 
PL 3

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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PL 3
 
PQ 7
(ii) Since ∆LMN and ∆MNR have common vertex at M and their bases LN and NR are along
the same straight line
Area of LMN LN
∴ 
Area of MNR NR
Now, in ∆LNM and ∆RNQ
∠NLM = ∠NRQ (Alternate angles)
∠LMN = ∠NQR (Alternate angles)
∆LMN ~ ∆RNQ (AA Similarity)
MN LN LM 3
   
QN NR QR 7
Area of LMN LN 3
∴ = =
Area of MNR NR 7
(iii) Since ∆LQM and ∆LQN have common vertex at L and their bases QM and QN are along
the same straight line
Area of LQM QM 10
 =
Area of MNR QN 7
 MN 3 QM 10 
 QN  7  QN  7 
 

Question 7:
The given diagram shows two isosceles triangles which are similar also. In the given diagram,
PQ and BC are not parallel; PC = 4, AQ = 3, QB = 12, BC = 15 and AP = PQ

Calculate:
(i) the length of AP,
(ii) the ratio of the areas of triangle APQ and triangle ABC.

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Solution 7:
(i)
Given, ∆AQP ~ ∆ACB
AQ AP
 
AC AB
3 AP
 
4  AP 3  12
⟹ AP2 + 4AP – 45 = 0
⟹ (AP + 9) (AP – 5) = 0
⟹ AP = 5 units (as length cannot be negative)
(ii)
Since, ∆AQP ~ ∆ACB
ar  APQ  PQ 2
 
ar  ACB  BC2
ar  APQ  AP 2
   PQ  AP 
ar  ABC  BC2
ar  APQ   5  1
2

   
ar  ABC   15  9

Question 8:
In the figure, given below, ABCD is a parallelogram. P is a point on BC such that BP : PC = 1:
2. DP produced meets AB produces at Q. Given the area of triangle CPQ = 20 cm2 .

Calculate:
(i) area of triangle CDP,
(ii) area of parallelogram ABCD.
Solution 8:
(i) In ∆BPQ and ∆CPD
∠BPQ = ∠CPD (Vertically opposite angles)

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∠BQP = ∠PDC (Alternate angles)

∆BPQ ~ ∆CPD (AA similarity)
BP PQ BQ 1  BP 1 
      
PC PD CD 2  PC 2 
ar  BPQ   BP 
2

Also,  
ar  CPD   PC 
10 1 1
  [ar(∆BPQ) = × ar(∆CPQ), ar(CPQ)=20]
ar  CPD  4 2
⟹ ar(∆CPD) = 40 cm2
(ii) In ∆BAP and ∆AQD
As BP ∥ AD, corresponding angles are equal
∠QBP = ∠QAD
∠BQP = ∠AQD (Common)
∆BQP ~ ∆AQD (AA similarity)
AQ QD AD  BP PQ 1 PQ 1 
   3     
BQ QP BP  PC PD 2 QD 3 
ar  AQD   AQ 
2


ar  BQP   BQ 
Also,

ar  AQD 
 9
10
⟹ ar(∆AQD) = 90 cm2
∴ ar(ADPB) = ar(∆AQD) – ar(∆BQP) = 90 cm2 – 10 cm2 = 80 cm2
ar(ABCD) = ar(∆CDP) + ar(ADPB) = 40 cm2 + 80 cm2 = 120 cm2

Question 9:
In the given figure, BC is parallel to DE. Area of triangle ABC = 25 cm2 , Area of trapezium
BCED = 24 cm2 and DE = 14 cm. Calculate the length of BC.
Also, find the area of triangle BCD.

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Solution 9:
In ∆ABC and ∆ ADE,
As BC ∥ DE, corresponding angles are equal
∠ABC = ∠ADE
∠ACB = ∠AED
∆ABC ~ ∆ADE
ar  ABC  BC2
 
ar  ADE  DE 2
25 BC2
 (ar (∆ADE) = ar(∆ABC) + ar(trapezium BCED))
49 142
BC2 = 100
BC = 10 cm
In trapezium BCED,
1
Area = (Sum of parallel sides) × h
2
Given : Area of trapezium BCED = 24 cm2 , BC = 10 cm, DE = 14cm
1
 24 10  14   h
2
48
h
10  14 
48
h
24
⟹h=2
1
Area of ∆BCD = × base × height
2
1
  BC  h
2
1
  10  2
2
∴ Area of ∆BCD = 10 cm2

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Question 10:
The given figure shows a trapezium in which AB is parallel to DC and diagonals AC and BD
intersect at point P. If AP : CP = 3: 5,

Find:
(i) ∆APB : ∆CPB (ii) ∆DPC : ∆APB
(iii) ∆ADP : ∆APB (iv) ∆APB : ∆ADB
Solution 10:
(i) Since ∆APB and ∆CPB have common vertex at B and their bases AP and PC are along the
same straight line
ar  APB  AP 3
  
ar  CPB  PC 5
(ii) Since ∆DPC and ∆BPA are similar
ar  DPC   PC   5  25
2 2

     
ar  BPA   AP   3  9
(iii) Since ∆ADP and ∆APB have common vertex at A and their bases DP and PB are along the
same straight line
ar  ADP  DP 5
  
ar  APB PB 3
 AP BP 3 
 APB~ CPD    
 PC PD 5 
(iv) Since ∆APB and ∆ADB have common vertex at A and their bases BP and BD are along the
same straight line.
ar  APB PB 3
  
ar  ADB BD 8
 AP BP 3 BP 3 
 APB~ CPD      
 PC PD 5 BD 8 

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Question 11:
On a map, drawn to a scale of 1 : 250000, a triangular plot PQR of land has the following
measurements : PQ = 3cm, QR = 4 cm and angles PQR = 90°
Calculate:
(i) the actual lengths of QR and PR in kilometer.
(ii) the actual area of the plot in sq . km.
Solution 11:
Scale:-1 : 250000
∴ 1 cm represents 250000cm
250000
= = 2.5 km
1000  100
∴ 1 cm represents 2.5 km

(i)
Actual length of PQ = 3 × 2.5 = 7.5 km
Actual length of QR = 4 × 2.5 = 10 km

 7.5  10  km  12.5km

2 2
Actual length of PR =
(ii)
1 1
Area of ΔPQR =  PQ  QR   3 4  cm 2  6cm 2
2 2
1cm represents 2.5 km
1 cm2 represents 2.5 × 2.5 km2
The area of plot = 2.5 × 2.5 × 6 km2 = 37.5 km2

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Question 12:
A model of a ship if made to a scale of 1 : 200.
(i) The length of the model is 4 m; calculate the length of the ship.
(ii) The area of the deck of the ship is 160000 m2 ; find the area of the deck of the model.
(iii) The volume of the model is 200 litres; calculate the volume of the ship in m3 .
Solution 12:
1
Scale factor = k =
200
(i) Length of model = k × actual length of the ship
⟹ Actual length of the ship = 4 × 200 = 800 m
(ii) Area of the deck of the model = k 2 × area of the deck of the ship
2
 1 
  160000 m  4 m
2 2

 200 
(iii) Volume of the model = k3 × volume of the ship
Volume of the ship
1
  200 liters
k3
  200   200 liters
3

1600000000 liters
 1600000 m 3

Question 13:
AD 3
In the given figure, ABC is a triangle. DE is parallel to BC and 
DB 2

AD DE
(i) Determine the ratios and
AB BC
EF
(ii) Prove that ∆DEF is similar to ∆CBF Hence, find .
FB
(iii) What is the ratio of the areas of ∆DEF and ∆BFC.

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Solution 13:

AD 3
(i) Given, DE || BC and 
DB 2
In ∆ADE and ∆ABC,
∠A = ∠A(Corresponding Angles)
∠ADE = ∠ABC(Corresponding Angles)
∴ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC (By AA- similarity)
AD AE DE
  ………………… (1)
AB AC BC
AD AD 3 3
Now =  
AB AD  DB 3  2 5
AD 3 DE
Using (1), we get   ……………. (2)
AE 5 BC
(ii) ∆In DEF and ∆CBF,
∠FDE =∠ FCB(Alternate Angle)
∠DFE = ∠BFC(Vertically Opposite Angle)
∴ ∆ DEF ~ ∆CBF(By AA- similarity)
EF DE 3
  Using (2)
FB BC 5
EF 3

FB 5
(iii) Since the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their
corresponding sides, therefore.
Area of DFE EF2 32 9
  2 
Area of CBF FB 2
5 25

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Question 14:
In the given figure, ∠B = ∠E, ∠ACD = ∠BCE, AB = 10.4cm and DE = 7.8 cm. Find the ratio
between areas of the ∆ABC and ∆ DEC

Solution 14:
Given, ∠ACD = ∠BCE
∠ACD + ∠BCD = ∠BCE + ∠BCD
∠ACB = ∠DCE
Also, given ∠B = ∠E
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆DEC
ar  ABC   AB   10.4   4  16
2 2 2

      
ar  DEC   DE   7.8   3  9

Question 15:
Triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC = 13 cm and BC = 10 cm. AD is
perpendicular to BC. If CE = 8 cm and EF ⊥ AB, find:
area of ADC area of AFEB
(i) (ii)
area of FEB area of ABC

Solution 15:
(i) AB = AC(Given)
∴ ∠FBE = ∠ACD
∠BFE = ∠ADC
∆EFB ~ ∆ADC (AA similarity)

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ar  ADC   AC 
2

∴  
ar  EFB   BE 
2
 AC 
 
 BC  CE 
2
 13  169
   ……………(1)
 18  324
(ii) Similarly, it can be proved that ∆ADB ~ ∆EFB
ar  ADB   AB 
2

  
ar  EFB   BE 
2
 13 
 
 18 
169
= ……………..(2)
324
From (1) and (2),
ar  ABC  169  169 338 169
  
ar  EFB 324 324 162
∴ ar(∆EFB) : ar(∆ABC) = 162 : 169

Question 16:
An aeroplane is 30 m long and its model is 15 cm long. If the total outer surface area of the
model is 150 cm2 , find the cost of painting the outer surface of the aeroplane at the rate of Rs.
120 per sq. m. Given that 50 sq. m of the surface of the aeroplane is left for windows.
Solution 16:
15cm represents = 30 m
30
1cm represents  2m
15
1 cm2 represents 2m × 2m = 4 m2
Surface area of the model = 150 cm2
Actual surface area of aeroplane = 150 × 2 × 2 m2 = 600 m2
50 m2 is left out for windows
Area to be painted = 600 − 50 =50 m2
Cost of painting per m2 = Rs. 120
Cost of painting 550 m2 = 120 × 550 = Rs. 66000

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EXERCISE. 15 (C)

Question 1:
In the given figure, lines l, m and n are such that ls ∥ m ∥ n.
Prove that:
AB PQ

BC QR

Solution 1:
Join AR.

In ∆ACR, BX || CR. By Basic Proportionality theorem,

AB AX
 …………..(1)
BC XR
In ∆APR, XQ || AP. By Basic Proportionality theorem,
PQ AX
 ………………..(2)
QR XR
From (1) and (2), we get,
AB PQ

BC QR

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Question 2:
In the given triangle P, Q and R are the mid points of sides AB, BC and AC respectively. Prove
that triangle PQR is similar to triangle ABC.

Solution 2:
In ∆ABC, PR || BC. By Basic proportionality theorem,
AP AR

PB RC
Also, in ∆PAR and ∆ABC,
∠PAR = ∠BAC (common)
∠APR = ∠ABC (Corresponding angles)
∆PAR ~ ∆BAC (AA similarity)
PR AP

BC AB
PR 1
 (As P is the mid-point of AB)
BC 2
PR 1
= BC
BC 2
1
Similarity, PQ = AC
2
1
RQ = AB
2
PR PQ RQ
Thus,  
BC AC AB
⟹ ∆QRP ~ ∆ABC (SSS similarity)

Question 3:
In the following figure, AD and CE are medians of ∆ABC. DF is drawn parallel to CE.
Prove that :
(i) EF = FB,
(ii) AG : GD = 2 : 1

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Solution 3:
(i)
In ∆BFD and ∆BEC,
∠BFD = ∠BEC (Corresponding angles)
∠FBD = ∠EBC (Common)
∆BFD ~ ∆BEC (AA Similarity)
BF BD
∴ 
BE BC
BF 1
 (As D is the mid – point of BC)
BE 2
BE = 2BF
BF = FE = 2BF
Hence, EF = FB
(ii) In ∆AFD, EG || FD. Using Basic Proportionality theorem,
AE AG
 ……… (1)
EF GD
Now, AE = EB (as E is the mid-point of AB)
AE = 2EF (Since, EF = FB, by (i))
From (1),
AG 2

GD 1
Hence, AG : GD = 2 : 1

Question 4:
In the given figure, triangle ABC is similar to triangle PQR. AM and PN are altitudes whereas
AX and PY are medians.

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AM AX
Prove that : 
PN PY
Solution 4:
Since ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
So, their respective sides will be in proportion
AB AC BC
Or,  
PQ PR QR
Also, ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R
In ∆ABM and ∆PQN,
∠ABM = ∠PQN (Since, ABC and PQR are similar)
∠AMB = ∠PNQ = 90°
∆ABM ~ ∆PQN (AA similarity)
AM AB
∴  ……………….. (1)
PN PQ
Since, AX and PY are medians so they will divide their opposite sides.
BC QR
Or, BX  and QY 
2 2
Therefore, we have:
AB BX

PQ QY
∠B = ∠Q
So, we had observed that two respective sides are in same proportion in both triangles and also
angle included between them is respectively equal.
Hence, ∆ABX ~ ∆PQY (by SAS similarity rule)
AB AX
So,  ………………..(2)
PQ PY
From (1) and (2),
AM AX

PN PY

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Question 5:
The two similar triangles are equal in area. Prove that the triangles are congruent.
Solution 5:
Let us assume two similar triangles as ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
area  ABC   AB   BC   AC 
2 2 2

   
area  PQR   PQ   QR   PR 
Now

Since area (∆ABC) = area (∆PQR)

Therefore, AB = PQ
BC = QR
AC = PR
So, respective sides of two similar triangles
Are also of same length
So, ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR (by SSS rule)

Question 6:
The ratio between the altitudes of two similar triangles is 3 : 5; write the ratio between their:
(i) medians (ii) perimeters (iii) areas
Solution 6:
The ratio between the altitudes of two similar triangles is same as the ratio between their sides.
(i) The ratio between the medians of two similar triangles is same as the ratio between their
sides.
∴ Required ratio = 3 : 5
(ii) The ratio between the perimeters of two similar triangles is same as the ratio between their
sides.
∴ Required ratio = 3 : 5
(iii) The ratio between the areas of two similar triangles is same as the square of the ratio between
their corresponding sides.
∴ Required ratio = (3)2 : (5)2 = 9 : 25

Question 7:
The ratio between the areas of two similar triangles is 16 : 25, Find the ratio between their:
(i) perimeters (ii) altitudes (iii) medians
Solution 7:
The ratio between the areas of two similar triangles is same as the square of the ratio between
their corresponding sides.
So, the ratio between the sides of the two triangles = 4 : 5

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(i) The ratio between the perimeters of two similar triangles is same as the ratio between their
sides.
∴ Required ratio = 4 : 5
(ii) The ratio between the altitudes of two similar triangles is same as the ratio between their
sides.
∴ Required ratio = 4 : 5
(iii) The ratio between the medians of two similar triangles is same as the ratio between their
sides.
∴ Required ratio = 4 : 5

Question 8:
The following figure shows a triangle PQR in which XY is parallel to QR. If PX : XQ = 1 : 3
and QR = 9 cm. find the length of XY.

Further, if the area of ∆ PXY = x cm2 ; find, in terms of x the area of:
(i) triangle PQR (ii) trapezium XQRY
Solution 8:
In ∆PXY and ∆PQR, XY is parallel to QR, so corresponding angles are equal.
∠PXY = ∠PQR
∠PYX = ∠PRQ
Hence, ∆PXY ~ ∆PQR (By AA similarity criterion)
PX XY

PQ QR
1 XY
  (PX : XQ = 1 : 3 ⟹ PX : PQ = 1 : 4)
4 QR
1 XY
 
4 9
⟹ XY = 2.25 cm

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(i) We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of
their corresponding sides.
Ar  PXY   PX 
2


Ar  PQR   PQ 
2
x 1 1
  
Ar  PQR   4  16
Ar  PQR  = 16x cm2
(ii) Ar (trapezium XQRY) = Ar (∆PQR) - Ar (∆PXY)
= (16x – x) cm2
= 15x cm2

Question 9:
In the following figure, AB, CD and EF are parallel lines. AB = 6cm, CD = y cm, EF = 10 cm,
AC = 4 cm and CF = x cm.
Calculate x and y

Solution 9:
In ∆FDC and ∆FBA,
∠FDC = ∠FDA (Corresponding angles)
∠DFC = ∠BFA (Common)
∆FDC ~ ∆FBA (AA similarity)
CD FC

AB FA
Y x
 ……………. (1)
6 x4
In ∆FCE and ∆ACB,

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∠FCE = ∠ACB (vertically opposite angles)

∠CFE = ∠CAB (Alternate angles)
∆FCE ~ ∆ACB (AA similarity)
FC EF

AC AB
x 10 20 2
 x  6 cm
4 6 3 3
From (1):
20
6
y 3  3.75
20
4
3

Question 10:
On a map, drawn to a scale of 1 : 20000, a rectangular plot of land ABCD has AB = 24cm and
BC = 32 cm. Calculate:
(i) the diagonal distance of the plot in kilometer
(ii) the area of the plot in sq.km
Solution 10:
Scale :- 1 : 20000
20000
1 cm represents 20000 cm =  0.2 km
1000  100

(i)
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
= 242 + 322
= 576 + 1024 = 1600
AC = 40 cm
Actual length of diagonal = 40 × 0.2 km = 8 km
(ii)

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1 cm represents 0.2 km
1 cm2 represents 0.2 × 0.2 km2
The area of the rectangle ABCD = AB × BC
= 24 × 32 = 768 cm2
Actual area of the plot = 0.2 × 0.2 × 768 km2 = 30.72 km2

Question 11:
The dimensions of the model of a multistoreyed building are 1 m by 60 cm by 1.20 m. if the
scale factor is 1 : 50, find the actual dimensions of the building.
Also find:
(i) the floor area of a room of the building, if the floor area of the corresponding room in the
model is 50 sq. cm
(ii) the space (volume) inside a room of the model, if the space inside the corresponding room
of the building is 90 m3 .
Solution 11:
The dimensions of the building are calculated as below.
Length = 1 × 50 m = 50 m
Breadth = 0.60 × 50 m = 30 m
Height = 1.20 × 50 m = 60 m
Thus, the actual dimensions of the building are 50 m × 30 m × 60 m.
(i)
Floor area of the room of the building =
2
 50  125000
50     125000 cm2   12.5 m2
 1  100 100
(ii)
Volume of the model of the building
 100 100 100  3
3
 1   1   1   1 
 90    90           90    cm
 50   50   50   50   50  50  50 
 720 cm 3

Question 12:
In a triangle PQR, L and M are two points on the base QR, such that ∠LPQ = ∠QRP and ∠RPM
= ∠RQP. Prove that:
(i) ∆PQL and ∆RMP
(ii) QL  RM  PL  PM
(iii) PQ  QR  QL
2

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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Solution 12:
In ∆PQL and ∆RMP
∠LPQ = ∠QRP (Given)
∠RQP = ∠RPM (Given)
∆PQL ~ ∆RMP (AA similarity)
(ii)
As ∆PQL ~ ∆RMP (proved above)
PQ QL PL
 
RP PM RM
 QL  RM  PL  PM
(iii)
∠LPQ = ∠QRP (Given)
∠Q = ∠Q (Common)
∆PQL ~ ∆RQP (AA similarity)
PQ QL PL
=  
RQ QP PR
 PQ2  QR  QL

Question 13:
In ∆ABC, ∠ACB = 90° and CD ⊥ AB.
BC2 BD
Prove that : 
AC2 AD
Solution 13:

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Class X Chapter 15 – Similarity Maths
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In ∆CDB,
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 = 180o
∠1 + ∠3 = 90o … (1) (Since, ∠2 = 900 )
∠3 + ∠4 = 90o … (2) (Since, ∠ACB = 900 )
From (1) and (2),
∠1 + ∠3 = ∠3 + ∠4
∠1 = ∠4
Also, ∠ADC = ∠ACB = 90o
∴∆ACD ~ ∆ABC (AA similarity)
AC AD
 
AB AC
AC2 = AB × AD ………….. (1)
Now ∠BDC = ∠ACB = 900
∠CBD = ∠ABC (common)
∆BCD ~ ∆ BAC (AA similarity)
BC BD
  …………. (2)
BA BC
BC2 = BA × BD
From (1)and (2), we get,
BC2 BA  BD BD
 
AC2 AB  AD AD

Question 14:
A triangle ABC with AB = 3 cm, BC = 6 cm and AC = 4 cm is enlarged to ∆DEF such that the
longest side of ∆DEF = 9 cm. Find the scale factor and hence, the lengths of the other sides of
∆DEF.
Solution 14:
Triangle ABC is enlarged to DEF. So, the two triangles will be similar.
AB BC AC
  
DE EF DF
Longest side in ∆ABC = BC = 6 cm
Corresponding longest side in ∆DEF = EF = 9 cm
EF 9 3
Scale factor =    1.5
BC 6 2

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AB BC AC 2
   
DE EF DF 3
3 9
DE  AB   4.5 cm
2 2
3 12
DF  AC   6 cm
2 2

Question 15:
Two isosceles triangles have equal vertical angles. Show that the triangles are similar.
If the ratio between the areas of these two triangles is 16 : 25, find the ratio between their
corresponding altitudes.
Solution 15:

Let ABC and PQR be two isosceles triangles.

AB 1 PQ 1
Then,  and 
AC 1 PR 1
Also, ∠A = ∠P (Given)
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR (SAS similarity)
Let AD and PS be the altitude in the respective triangles.
We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of their
corresponding altitudes.
Ar  ABC   AD 
2

 
Ar  PQR   PS 
2
16  AD 
 
25  PS 
AD 4

PS 5

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Question 16:
In ∆ABC, AP : PB = 2 : 3. PO is parallel to BC and is extended to Q so that CQ is parallel to
BA.

Find:
(i) area ∆APO : area ∆ ABC.
(ii) area ∆APO : area ∆ CQO.
Solution 16:
In triangle ABC, PO || BC. Using Basic proportionality theorem,
AP AO

PB OC
AO 2
  …………..(1)
OC 3
(i) ∠PAO = ∠BAC (common)
∠APO = ∠ABC (Corresponding angles)
∆APO ~ ∆ABC (AA similarity)
Ar  APO   AO   2   2 
2 2 2
4
       
Ar  ABC   AC   2  3   5  25
(ii)
∠POA = ∠COQ (vertically opposite angles)
∠PAO = ∠QCO (alternate angles)
∆AOP ~ ∆COQ (AA similarity)
Ar  AOP   AO   2  4
2 2

     
Ar  COQ   CO   3  9

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Question 17:
The following figure shows a triangle ABC in which AD and BE are perpendiculars to BC and
AC respectively.

Show that;
(i) ∆ADC ~ ∆BEC
(ii) CA × CE = CB × CD
(iii) ∆ABC ~ ∆DEC
(iv) CD × AB = CA × DE
Solution 17:
∠ADC = ∠BEC = 90°
∠ACD = ∠BCE (Common)
∆ADC ~ ∆BEC (AA similarity)
(ii) From part (i),
AC CD
 ……… (1)
BC EC
⇒ CA × CE = CB × CD
(iii) In ∆ABC and ∆DEC,
From (1),
AC CD AC BC
  
BC EC CD EC
∠DCE = ∠BCA (Common)
∆ABC ~ ∆DEC (SAS similarity)
(iv) From part (iii),
AC AB

DC DE
⇒ CD × AB = CA × DE

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Question 18:
In the give figure, ABC is a triangle with ∠EDB = ∠ACB. Prove that ∆ABC ~ ∆EBD.
If BE =6 cm, EC = 4cm, BD = 5cm and area of ∆BED = 9 cm2 . Calculate the:
(i) length of AB
(ii) area of ∆ ABC

Solution 18:
In ∆ABC and ∆EBD,
∠ACB = ∠EDB (given)
∠ABC = ∠EBD (common)
∆ABC ~ ∆EBD (by AA – similarity)
AB BC 6  10
(i) we have,   AB   12 cm
BE BD 5
Area of ABC  AB 
2

(ii)  
Area of BED  BE 
2
 12 
⇒ Area of ∆ABC =    9 cm 2
6
= 4 × 9 cm2 = 36 cm2

Question 19:
In the given figure, ABC is a right angled triangle with ∠BAC = 90°.

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(i) Prove ∆ADB ~ ∆CDA.

(ii) If BD = 18 cm and CD = 8cm, find AD.
(iii) Find the ratio of the area of ∆ADB is to area of ∆CDA.
Solution 19:
(i) let ∠CAD = x
⇒ m ∠dab = 90° - x
⇒ m ∠DBA = 180° - (90° + 90° - x) = x
⇒ ∠CDA = ∠DBA ……… (1)
In ∆ADB and ∆CDA,
∠ADB = ∠CDA …… [each 90°]
∠ABD = ∠CAD …… [From (1)]
∴∆ADB ~ ∆CDA …….. [By A.A]
(ii) Since the corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional, we have.
BD AD

AD CD
18 AD
 
AD 8
⇒ AD2 = 18 × 8 = 144
⇒ AD = 12 cm
(iii) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the square of their
corresponding sides.
Ar  ADB  AD2 122 144 9
   2    9:4
Ar  CDA  CD2 8 64 4

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