NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-

Triangles

Exercise 6.1 Page No: 60

1. In figure, if ∠BAC =90° and AD⊥BC. Then,
(a) BD.CD = BZC² (b) AB.AC = BC² (c) BD.CD=AD² (d) AB.AC =AD²

Solution:
c) BD.CD=AD²
Explanation:

From ∆ADB and ∆ADC,

According to the question, we have,
∠D = ∠D = 90° (∵ AD ⊥ BC)
∠DBA = ∠DAC [each angle = 90°- ∠C]
Using AAA similarity criteria,
∆ADB ∼ ∆ADC
BD/AD = AD/CD
BD.CD = AD2

2. If the lengths of the diagonals of rhombus are 16 cm and 12 cm. Then, the length of the sides of
the rhombus is
(a) 9 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 20 cm
Solution:
(b) 10 cm
Explanation:
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
We know that,
A rhombus is a simple quadrilateral whose four sides are of same length and diagonals are
perpendicular bisector of each other.
According to the question, we get,

According to the question,

AC = 16 cm and BD = 12 cm
∠AOB = 90°
∵ AC and BD bisects each other
AO = ½ AC and BO = ½ BD
Then, we get,
AO = 8 cm and BO = 6 cm
Now, in right angled ∆AOB,
Using the Pythagoras theorem,
We have,
AB2 = AO2 + OB2
AB2 = 82 + 62 = 64 + 36 = 100
∴ AB = √100 = 10 cm
We know that the four sides of a rhombus are equal.
Therefore, we get,
one side of rhombus = 10 cm.

3. If ΔABC ~ ΔEDF and ΔABC is not similar to ΔDEF, then which of the following is not true?
(a) BC · EF = AC · FD (b) AB · EF = AC · DE
(c) BC · DE = AB · EF (d) BC · DE = AB · FD
Solution:
(c) BC · DE = AB · EF
Explanation:
We know that,
If sides of one triangle are proportional to the side of the other triangle, and the corresponding
angles are also equal, then the triangles are similar by SSS similarity.
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles

So, ∆ABC ∼ ∆EDF

Using similarity property,
AB/ED = BC/DF = AC/EF
Taking AB/ED = BC/DF, we get
AB/ED = BC/DF
AB.DF = ED.BC
So, option (d) BC · DE = AB · FD is true
Taking BC/DF = AC/EF, we get
BC/DF = AC/EF
⇒ BC.EF = AC.DF
So, option (a) BC · EF = AC · FD is true
Taking AB/ED = AC/EF, we get,
AB/ED = AC/EF
AB.EF = ED.AC
So, option (b) AB · EF = AC · DE is true.

4. If in two Δ PQR,AB/QR = BC/PR = CA/PQ, then

(a)Δ PQR~Δ CAB (b) Δ PQR ~ Δ ABC
(c)Δ CBA ~ Δ PQR (d) Δ BCA ~ Δ PQR
Solution:
(a)Δ PQR~Δ CAB
Explanation:
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles

From ∆ABC and ∆PQR, we have,

AB/QR = BC/PR = CA/PQ
If sides of one triangle are proportional to the side of the other triangle, and their corresponding
angles are also equal, then both the triangles are similar by SSS similarity.
Therefore, we have,
Δ PQR~Δ CAB

5. In figure, two line segments AC and BD intersect each other at the point P such that PA = 6 cm,
PB = 3 cm, PC = 2.5 cm, PD = 5 cm, ∠APB = 50° and ∠CDP = 30°. Then, ∠PBA is equal to
(a) 50° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 100°

Solution:
(d) 100°
Explanation:
From ∆APB and ∆CPD,
∠APB = ∠CPD = 50° (since they are vertically opposite angles)
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
AP/PD = 6/5 … (i)
Also, BP/CP = 3/2.5
Or BP/CP = 6/5 … (ii)
From equations (i) and (ii),
We get,
AP/PD = BP/CP
So, ∆APB ∼ ∆DPC [using SAS similarity criterion]
∴ ∠A = ∠D = 30° [since, corresponding angles of similar triangles]
Since, Sum of angles of a triangle = 180°,
In ∆APB,
∠A + ∠B + ∠APB = 180°
So, 30° + ∠B + 50° = 180°
Then, ∠B = 180° - (50° + 30°)
∠B = 180 – 80° = 100°
Therefore, ∠PBA = 100°
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles

Exercise 6.2 Page No: 63

1. Is the triangle with sides 25 cm, 5 cm and 24 cm a right triangle? Give reason for your answer.
Solution:
False
According to the question,
Let us assume that,
A = 25 cm
B = 5 cm
C = 24 cm
Now, Using Pythagoras Theorem,
We have,
A2 = B2 + C2
B2 + C2 = (5)2 + (24)2
B2 + C2 = 25 + 576
B2 + C2 = 601
A2 = 600
600 ≠ 601
A2 ≠ B2 + C2
Since the sides does not satisfy the property of Pythagoras theorem, triangle with sides 25cm,
5cm and 24cm is not a right triangle.

2. It is given that ΔDEF ~ ΔRPQ. Is it true to say that ∠D = ∠R and ∠F = ∠P ? Why?

Solution:
False
We know that,
Corresponding angles are equal in similar triangles.
So, we get,
∠D = ∠R
∠E = ∠P
∠F = ∠Q

3. A and B are respectively the points on the sides PQ and PR of a ΔPQR such that PQ = 12.5 cm,
PA = 5 cm, BR = 6 cm and PB = 4 cm. Is AB || QR? Give reason for your answer.
Solution:
True
According to the question,
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles

PQ = 12.5 cm
PA = 5 cm
BR = 6 cm
PB = 4 cm
Then,
QA = QP – PA = 12.5 – 5 = 7.5 cm
So,
PA/AQ = 5/7.5 = 50/75 = 2/3 … (i)
PB/BR = 4/6 = 2/3 … (ii)
Form Equations (i) and (ii).
PA/AQ = PB/BR
We know that, if a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is
parallel to the third side.
Therefore,
AB || QR.

4. In figure, BD and CE intersect each other at the point P. Is ΔPBC ~ ΔPDE? Why?
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
Solution:
True
In ∆PBC and ∆PDE,
∠BPC = ∠EPD [vertically opposite angles]
PB/PD = 5/10 = ½ … (i)
PC/PE = 6/12 = ½ … (ii)
From equation (i) and (ii),
We get,
PB/PD = PC/PE
Since, ∠BPC of ∆PBC = ∠EPD of ∆PDE and the sides including these.
Then, by SAS similarity criteria
∆PBC ∼ ∆PDE

5. In ΔPQR and ΔMST, ∠P = 55°, ∠Q =25°, ∠M = 100° and ∠S = 25°. Is ΔQPR ~ ΔTSM? Why?
Solution:
We know that,
Sum of the three angles of a triangle = 180°.

Then, from ∆PQR,

∠P + ∠Q + ∠R = 180°
55° + 25° + ∠R = 180°
So, we get,
∠R = 180° - (55° + 25°) = 180°- 80° = 100°
Similarly, from ∆TSM,
∠T + ∠S + ∠M = 180°
∠T + ∠25° + 100° = 180°
So, we get,
∠T = 180°- (∠25° + 100°)
∠T = 180° - 125° = 55°
In ∆PQR and ∆TSM,
We have,
∠P = ∠T,
∠Q = ∠S
∠R = ∠M
Hence, ∆PQR ∼ ∆TSM
Since, all corresponding angles are equal,
∆QPR is similar to ∆TSM,
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
6. Is the following statement true? Why?
“Two quadrilaterals are similar, if their corresponding angles are equal”.
Solution:
False
Two quadrilaterals cannot be similar, if only their corresponding angles are equal
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles

Exercise 6.3 Page No: 66

1. In a ΔPQR, PR2 – PQ2 = QR2 and M is a point on side PR such that QM ⊥ PR.
Prove that QM2 =PM × MR.
Solution:
According to the question,

In ∆PQR,
PR2 = QR2 and QM⊥PR
Using Pythagoras theorem, we have,
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
∆PQR is right angled triangle at Q.
From ∆QMR and ∆PMQ, we have,
∠M = ∠M
∠MQR = ∠QPM [= 90°-∠R]
So, using the AAA similarity criteria,
We have,
∆QMR ∼ ∆PMQ
Also, we know that,
Area of triangles = ½ × base × height
So, by property of area of similar triangles,
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
QM2 = PM × RM
Hence proved.

2. Find the value of x for which DE||AB in given figure.

Solution:
According to the question,
DE || AB
Using basic proportionality theorem,
CD/AD = CE/BE
∴ If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle such that it intersects the other sides at
distinct points, then, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
Hence, we can conclude that, the line drawn is equal to the third side of the triangle.

(x + 3) (3x + 4) = x (3x + 19)

3x2 + 4x + 9x + 12 = 3x2 + 19x
19x - 13x = 12
6x = 12
∴ x = 12/6 = 2
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
3. In figure, if ∠1 =∠2 and ΔNSQ = ΔMTR, then prove that ΔPTS ~ ΔPRQ.

Solution:
According to the question,
∆ NSQ ≅ ∆MTR
∠1 = ∠2
Since,
∆NSQ = ∆MTR
So,
SQ = TR ….(i)
Also,
∠1 = ∠2 ⇒ PT = PS….(ii)
[Since, sides opposite to equal angles are also equal]
From Equation (i) and (ii).
PS/SQ = PT/TR
⇒ ST || QR
By converse of basic proportionality theorem, If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle
to intersect the other sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
∴ ∠1 = PQR
And
∠2 = ∠PRQ
In ∆PTS and ∆PRQ.
∠P = ∠P [Common angles]
∠1 = ∠PQR (proved)
∠2 = ∠PRQ (proved)
∴ ∆PTS - ∆PRQ
[By AAA similarity criteria]
Hence proved.

4. Diagonals of a trapezium PQRS intersect each other at the point 0, PQ || RS and PQ = 3 RS.
Find the ratio of the areas of Δ POQ and Δ ROS.
Solution:
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
According to the question,
PQRS is a trapezium in which PQ‖RS and PQ = 3RS
PQ/RS = 3/1 = 3 …(i)

In ∆POQ and ∆ROS,

∠SOR = ∠QOP [vertically opposite angles]
∠SRP = ∠RPQ [alternate angles]
∴ ∆POQ ∼ ∆ROS [by AAA similarity criterion]
By property of area of similar triangle,

Therefore, the required ratio = 9:1.

5. In figure, if AB || DC and AC, PQ intersect each other at the point O. Prove that OA.CQ =
0C.AP.

Solution:
According to the question,
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
AC and PQ intersect each other at the point O and AB||DC.
From ∆AOP and ∆COQ,
∠AOP = ∠COQ [Since they are vertically opposite angles]
∠APO = ∠CQO [since, AB||DC and PQ is transversal, the angles are alternate angles]
∴ ∆AOP ∼ ∆COQ [using AAA similarity criterion]
Then, since, corresponding sides are proportional
We have,
OA/OC = AP/CQ
OA × CQ = OC × AP
Hence Proved.

6. Find the altitude of an equilateral triangle of side 8 cm.

Solution:
Let ABC be an equilateral triangle of side 8 cm
AB = BC = CA = 8 cm. (all sides of an equilateral triangle is equal)

Draw altitude AD which is perpendicular to BC.

Then, D is the mid-point of BC.
∴ BD = CD = ½
BC = 8/2 = 4 cm
Now, by Pythagoras theorem
AB2 = AD2 + BD2
⇒ (8)2 = AD2 + (4)2
⇒ 64 = AD2 + 16
⇒ AD = √48 = 4√3 cm.
Hence, altitude of an equilateral triangle is 4√3 cm.

7. If ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF, AB = 4 cm, DE = 6, EF = 9 cm and FD = 12 cm, then find the perimeter of

∆ABC.
Solution:
According to the question,
AB = 4 cm,
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
DE = 6 cm
EF = 9 cm
FD = 12 cm
Also,
∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF
We have,

By taking first two terms, we have

And by taking last two terms, we have,

Now,
Perimeter of ∆ABC = AB + BC + AC
= 4 + 6 + 8 = 18 cm
Thus, the perimeter of the triangle is 18 cm.
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles

Exercise 6.4 Page No: 73

1. In Fig. 6.16, if ∠A = ∠C, AB = 6 cm, BP = 15 cm, AP = 12 cm and CP = 4 cm, then find the lengths of PD
and CD.

Solution:
According to the question,
∠A = ∠C,
AB = 6 cm, BP = 15 cm,
AP = 12 cm
CP = 4 cm
From ∆APB and ∆CPD,
∠A = ∠C
∠APB = ∠CPD [vertically opposite angles]
∴ By AAA similarity criteria,
∆APD ∼ ∆CPD
Using basic proportionality theorem,

Considering AP/CP = PB/PD, we get,

Considering, AP/CP = AB/CD

Therefore,
Length of PD = 5 cm
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
Length of CD = 2 cm

2. It is given that ∆ ABC ~ ∆ EDF such that AB = 5 cm, AC = 7 cm, DF= 15 cm and DE = 12 cm.
Find the lengths of the remaining sides of the triangles.
Solution:

According to the question,

∆ABC ∼ ∆EDF
From property of similar triangle,
We know that, corresponding sides of ∆ABC and ∆EDF are in the same ratio.
AB/ED = AC/EF = BC/DF ….(i)
According to the question,
AB = 5cm, AC = 7cm
DF = 15cm and DE = 12cm
Substituting these values in Equation (i), we get,

Hence, lengths of the remaining sides of the triangles are EF = 16.8 cm and BC = 6.25 cm

3. Prove that if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides,
then the two sides are divided in the same ratio.
Solution:
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
Let a ∆ABC in which a line DE parallel to BC intersects AB at D and AC at E.
To prove DE divides the two sides in the same ratio.
AD/DB = AE/EC

Construction:
Join BE, CD
Draw EF ⊥ AB and DG ⊥ AC.
We know that,
Area of triangle = ½ × base × height
Then,

Since,
∆BDE and ∆DEC lie between the same parallel DE and BC and are on the same base DE.
We have,
area (∆BDE) = area(∆DEC) …..(iii)
From Equation (i), (ii) and (iii),
We get,
AD/DB = AE/EC
Hence proved.
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
4. In Fig 6.17, if PQRS is a parallelogram and AB||PS, then prove that OC||SR.

Solution:
According to the question,
PQRS is a parallelogram,
Therefore, PQ || SR and PS || QR.
Also given, AB || PS.

To prove:
OC || SR
From ∆OPS and OAB,
PS||AB
∠POS = ∠AOB [common angle]
∠OSP = ∠OBA [corresponding angles]
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
∆OPS ∼ ∆OAB [by AAA similarity criteria]
Then,
Using basic proportionality theorem,
We get,
PS/AB = OS/OB …(i)
From ∆CQR and ∆CAB,
QR || PS || AB
∠QCR = ∠ACB [common angle]
∠CRQ = ∠CBA [corresponding angles]
∆CQR ∼ ∆CAB
Then, by basic proportionality theorem

[PS ≅ QR Since, PQRS is a parallelogram,]

From Equation (i) and (ii),

Subtracting 1 from L.H.S and R.H.S, we get,

SR || OC [By converse of basic proportionality theorem]

Hence proved.

5. A 5 m long ladder is placed leaning towards a vertical wall such that it reaches the wall at a
point 4 m high. If the foot of the ladder is moved 1.6 m towards the wall, then find the distance by
which the top of the ladder would slide upwards on the wall.
Solution:
Let the length of the ladder = AC = 5 m
Let the height of the wall on which ladder is placed = BC = 4m.
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles

From right angled ∆EBD,

Using the Pythagoras Theorem,
ED2 = EB2 + BD2
(5)2 = (EB)2 + (14)2 [ BD = 1.4]
25 = (EB)2 + 1.96
(EB)2 = 25 –1.96 = 23.04
EB = √23.04 = 4.8
Now, we have,
EC = EB – BC = 4.8 – 4 = 0.8
Hence, the top of the ladder would slide upwards on the wall by a distance of 0.8 m.

6. For going to a city B from city A, there is a route via city C such that AC⊥CB, AC = 2 x km and
CB = 2 (x + 7) km. It is proposed to construct a 26 km highway which directly connects the two
cities A and B. Find how much distance will be saved in reaching city B from city A after the
construction of the highway.
Solution:
According to the question,
AC⊥CB,
AC = 2x km,
CB = 2 (x + 7) km and AB = 26 km
Thus, we get ∆ ACB right angled at C.
Now, from ∆ACB,
Using Pythagoras Theorem,
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
⇒ (26)2 = (2x)2 + {2(x + 7)}2
⇒ 676 = 4x2 + 4(x2 + 196 + 14x)
⇒ 676 = 4x2 + 4x2 + 196 + 56x
⇒ 676 = 82 + 56x + 196
⇒ 8x2 + 56x – 480 = 0
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles

Dividing the equation by 8, we get,

x2 + 7x – 60 = 0
x2 + 12x - 5x - 60 = 0
x(x + 12)-5(x + 12) = 0
(x + 12)(x - 5) = 0
∴ x = -12 or x = 5
Since the distance can’t be negative, we neglect x = -12
∴x=5
Now,
AC = 2x = 10km
BC = 2(x + 7) = 2(5 + 7) = 24 km
Thus, the distance covered to city B from city A via city C = AC + BC
AC + BC = 10 + 24
= 34 km
Distance covered to city B from city A after the highway was constructed = BA = 26 km
Therefore, the distance saved = 34 – 26 = 8 km.

7. A flag pole 18 m high casts a shadow 9.6 m long. Find the distance of the top of the pole from
the far end of the shadow.
Solution:
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 6-
Triangles
Let MN = 18 m be the flag pole and its shadow be LM = 9.6 m.
The distance of the top of the pole, N from the far end, L of the shadow is LN.
In right angled ∆LMN,
LN2 = LM2 + MN2 [by Pythagoras theorem]
⇒ LN2 = (9.6)2 + (18)2
⇒ LN2 = 9.216 + 324
⇒ LN2 = 416.16
∴ LN = √416.16 = 20.4 m
Hence, the required distance is 20.4 m