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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Sozen, Mete Avni, 1930-
Principles of reinforced concrete design / authors, Mete A. Sozen, Toshikatsu Ichinose, Santiago Pujol. pages cm Summary: “The book covers fundamental concepts related to mechanics and direct observation, and those required to design reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Codes change constantly over time depending on factors that have little to do with the fundamental concepts mentioned, and have more to do with the markets, construction practices, and transient academic views. For beginning engineers it is difficult to distinguish between rules based on consensus (codes) and fundamentals. This book focuses on the latter to prepare the engineer to use and adapt to the constant changes of the former. “-- Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4822-3148-9 (hardback) 1. Composite construction. 2. Reinforced concrete. I. Ichinose, Toshikatsu. II. Pujol, Santiago. III. Title.
Chapter 3 The Design Process............................................................................. 15
3.1 Definition of the Use of the Structure and Selection of Design Loads............................................................................ 17 3.2 Selection of Framing and Initial Dimensions...........................20 3.3 Analysis....................................................................................20 3.4 Selection of Reinforcement and Final Dimensions.................. 22 3.5 Detailing................................................................................... 22 Exercises.............................................................................................. 23
Chapter 4 Properties of Steel Reinforcement......................................................25
7.1 Design Strength of Axially Loaded Short Columns................ 59 Exercises..............................................................................................60
Chapter 8 Axial Strength of Laterally Confined Concrete.................................. 61
9.1 Strength Components of a Spiral Column in Axial Compression............................................................................. 70 Exercises.............................................................................................. 76
Chapter 10 Measures of Flexural Response.......................................................... 77
Chapter 11 A General Description of Flexural Response..................................... 83
11.1 The Relationship between Curvature and Bending Moment.... 83 11.2 Stages of Response................................................................... 85 Exercises.............................................................................................. 89
Chapter 12 Moment–Curvature Relationship before Flexural Cracking............... 91
Chapter 14 Limiting Moment and Unit Curvature.............................................. 105
14.1 A Simple Procedure for Determining the Limit to the Moment–Curvature Relationship........................................... 105 14.2 A Detailed Procedure for Determining the Limit to the Moment–Curvature Relationship........................................... 108 Exercises............................................................................................ 117
Chapter 15 Development of a Quantitative Relationship between Moment
and Unit Curvature............................................................................ 119 Exercise............................................................................................. 125
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Contents vii
Chapter 16 Maximum and Minimum Amounts of Longitudinal
Reinforcement for Beams.................................................................. 127 Exercises............................................................................................ 134
Chapter 17 Beams with Compression Reinforcement......................................... 135
Chapter 18 Beams with Flanges.......................................................................... 143
18.1 A T-Section Subjected to Positive Moment............................ 144 Exercise............................................................................................. 149
Chapter 19 Deflection under Short-Time Loading............................................... 151
19.1 Deflection of a Beam Subjected to Bending Moment............ 152 19.2 Deflection of an Uncracked Reinforced Concrete Beam with Concentrated Loads........................................................ 154 19.3 Deflection of a Cracked Reinforced Concrete Beam with Concentrated Loads................................................................ 156 Exercise............................................................................................. 161
Chapter 20 Effects of Time-Dependent Variables on Deflection........................ 163
20.1 Effect of Shrinkage................................................................. 163 20.2 Effect of Creep....................................................................... 164 Exercise............................................................................................. 170
Chapter 23 Combinations of Limiting Axial Force and Bending Moment
for a Reinforced Concrete Section.................................................... 189 Exercises............................................................................................ 195
Chapter 24 Bond Properties of Plain Bars in Concrete....................................... 197
Preface We have planned and written this book to provide essential information needed to proportion reinforced concrete structures subjected to demands that can be expressed in terms of static forces. Two concerns have bounded the material included: (1) to provide the needed information within the scope of a four-month semester in a series of sections, most of which will require a single lecture, and (2) to include a mini- mum of references to design criteria contained in building codes. We appreciate fully that engineering design is not limited to the realm of science. Because we build primarily from experience (Cross and Morgan, 1932), as mem- bers of a profession we are constrained to keep our choices in design within bounds defined by professional consensus and documented in building codes. In the text, we remind the reader to consult the local building code before committing to sizes, strengths, and details. Nevertheless, we do not want the reader to confuse principles based on mechanics, confirmed experience, and experiment with rules based on pro- fessional consensus alone. In our perspective, structural design (choice of size, strength, and framing type) is based on the following:
1. Sense of proportion 2. Understanding of the conditions of static equilibrium and plane geometry 3. Accumulated knowledge on composite action of concrete and reinforce- ment derived from mechanics, experiment, and experience
We expect the reader to be proficient in (1) and (2). Unquestionably, success in
engineering depends first and foremost on a sense of proportion. That sense is dif- ficult to acquire unless the right questions are asked at the right time, and unless the engineer is familiar with the relevant frames of reference. The engineer needs to have depth in (2) in order to develop confidence and improve his or her choices in (1). This book focuses primarily on issues related to (3). In conclusion, we thank the reader for his or her interest and acknowledge our debts to our respective universities: Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan, and Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, as well as to Dr. Cemalettin Donmez of Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Turkey, whose critical comments helped improve the manuscript.
