‫ﺃﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮ‪‬ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﻨﻅﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﻴﺎ‬

‫ﻻ ﻴﺯﺍل ﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘـﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺤـﻭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻀﺎﻤﺭﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺤﻘﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎﻩ ﻟﻘﻴﺔ ﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻔـﺴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺜﺎﺭ ﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺜﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟـﺭﺃﻱ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ )ﺠﻬﻴﻨﺔ ﻨﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻁﻼﺱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،٢٠٠١‬ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﻴﻁﺎﺭ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻼ ﻁﻴﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺒﻴﻁﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﻴﺭﻩ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‪:‬‬

‫))ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻴﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﺠﻬﺩ ﻁﻭﻴل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻤﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺼﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺒـﺫﻟﺕ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺠﻬﺩﺍ ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺨﻴﺭ ﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻴﺠﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼـﺼﻭﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ ﺯﺍﺩﺍ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻭﺭﻭﺜﺎ ﻏﻨﻴﺎ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻁﺭﺍﺩ ﻨﻤﻭﻫﺎ‪((.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻴﻘﺴﻡ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺭﺼﺩﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻭﻴﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﻤﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ – ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ‪ -‬ﻤﻥ ﺒـﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻔـﺎﻅ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺭﻗﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻤﻌﺠﻤﺎ ﺃﻟﻔﺒﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺜﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺤﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﺌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﺠﻡ ﻏﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﻭﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﻭﻴﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﺤﺎل – ﻫﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻡ ﺘﻨل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻅ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺴـﻜﺘﺕ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻼﺘﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ – ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ – ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻼﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼل ﻓﺎﺭﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺨﺫﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴل ﻟﻠﺠﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻟﻔـﺎﻅ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺠﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻅﻨﻭﻨﻪ ﺃﻋﺠﻤﻴﺎ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻅﻨﻭﻨﻬﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ‪ :‬ﻜﻠﻤﺔ )ﺍﻷﺒﻴل( ﺹ ‪)) ٣٤‬ﻗـﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺒﻴل‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻫﺏ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺭﺴﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺏ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﺒﻴل ﺍﻷﺒﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﺭﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺴﺒ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﺭﻫﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺒﻴل‪ :‬ﺁﺭﺍﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻭﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻫﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻠﻔﻅ )ﺃﺒﻴﻠﻭ( ‪ .abilo‬ﻗﺎل ﺍﻷﻋﺸﻰ‪:‬‬

‫ﺼﻙ ﻨﺎﻗﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺃﺒﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﹼﻲ ﻭﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺠﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻲ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﹼﻬﺎ ﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺒﺯﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺅﻴﺩ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻟﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﺘﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺒﻌﺭﺽ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺜﻴﻥ ﺒل ﻨﺎﻗﺸﺕ ﺒﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺁﺭﺍﺀﻫﻡ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟـﺩﺨﻴل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬـﺕ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴل ﺃﻋﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭ‪‬ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﺠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻋـﺼﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘـﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﺃﻡ ﺒﻌـﺩﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﺨﻀﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﺏ ﻟﻸﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﻷﻭل ﻭﻫﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻨﹼﻬﺎ – ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ – ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺘﺒﻌﻴـﺔ ﻜﺒﻴـﺭﺓ ﻷﻋﻤـﺎل ﺍﻟﺠـﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺒﻌـﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻤﻴﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ – ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺔ – ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ – ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ – ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻨﺘﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺼﻭﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻨﻘﻼ ﻓﻭﺘﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﻕ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻨﺴﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﺎ ﺨﺎﺼﺎ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻔﺎ ﻴﻌﺒ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺃﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻅ ﺍﻷﻋﺠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻴﻌﺩ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ ﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﻲ ﻟﻐﻭﻱ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﹼﻬﺎ ﺘﻅل ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺨـﺫ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﺩﻩ ﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺨﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺩﻋﻤﻪ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﻌﻴﺩ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬