Solid Flow Simulation

Engineering Design
and Technology Series
F1 in SchoolsTM Design Project

with SolidWorks® 2010 Software
For Type-R Cars
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Document Number: PME1018-ENG

SolidWorks
Engineering Design and Technology Series
Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................1
Using This Book ........................................................................................................... 2
What is SolidWorks Software?..................................................................................... 2
Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 2
Conventions Used in This Book ................................................................................... 4
Before You Begin ......................................................................................................... 4
Add a Folder to the Design Library Path...................................................................... 8
Designing the Race Car ....................................................................................11

Important Design Considerations ............................................................................... 12
About Balsa ................................................................................................................ 13
Start SolidWorks and open an existing part ............................................................... 13
Extruded Cut Feature.................................................................................................. 17
Create the Front Wing ............................................................................................... 24
Create the Rear Wing.................................................................................................. 26
Insert Fillets ................................................................................................................ 31
Create an Assembly .................................................................................................... 36
Insert Mates ................................................................................................................ 40
Calculate the Weight of the Race Car......................................................................... 48
Calculate the Overall Length of the Race Car ............................................................ 49
Create an Exploded view ............................................................................................ 52
Race Car Dimensional Requirements......................................................................... 61
Create an Assembly Drawing ...........................................................................65

Create an Assembly Drawing ..................................................................................... 66
Open a Part from the Assembly.................................................................................. 76
Create an Exploded Assembly view ........................................................................... 77
i
SolidWorks
PhotoWorks™ ....................................................................................................79
Activate PhotoWorks.................................................................................................. 80
Create a Configuration for Rendering ........................................................................ 82
Appearance ................................................................................................................. 85
Rendering.................................................................................................................... 90
Modify the Appearance .............................................................................................. 91
Scenes ......................................................................................................................... 92
Decals ......................................................................................................................... 94
Edit the Decal ............................................................................................................. 98
Output Options.......................................................................................................... 100
Analysis ............................................................................................................105
Modify the Rear Wing .............................................................................................. 106
Calculate the new Mass ............................................................................................ 108
Apply the Measure tool ............................................................................................ 109
Stress Analysis of the Axle....................................................................................... 111
Design Analysis ........................................................................................................ 111
Stress Analysis.......................................................................................................... 111
User Interface............................................................................................................ 112
Analyze the Axle-A Part........................................................................................... 113
SolidWorks SimulationXpress.................................................................................. 116
Applying a Load ....................................................................................................... 119
Assigning Material.................................................................................................... 123
Running the Analysis................................................................................................ 125
Viewing Results........................................................................................................ 127
Running a Report...................................................................................................... 130
Optimizing the Model............................................................................................... 131
SolidWorks Flow Simulation ................................................................................... 135
Viewing the Results.................................................................................................. 153
Changing the Design................................................................................................. 167
Examine the Results ................................................................................................. 169
More to Explore........................................................................................................ 175
ii
SolidWorks
Lesson 1
Introduction
When you complete this lesson, you will be able to:

Q Understand how to use this book for the F1 in Schools™ Design Project for
R-Type cars
Q Start a SolidWorks 2010 session
Q Download the required files, folders, and models for this project
Q Add the folder Race Car Design Project to the SolidWorks Design
Library in the Task Pane
Lesson 1: Introduction SolidWorks
Using This Book

The F1 in Schools™ Design Project helps you learn how to apply 2D and 3D
SolidWorks modeling principles and techniques to create a Race Car assembly
and drawing and apply the SolidWorks SimulationXpress and SolidWorks Flow
Simulation analysis tools.
You will be learning by doing as you complete the lessons in this book:
Q Ability to create a SolidWorks session
Q Understanding of the SolidWorks user interface and toolbars
Q Aptitude to open parts and create a 3D Race Car assembly
Q Create a detailed multi-sheet, multi-view drawing of the Race Car assembly
Q Apply the Measure and Mass tool
Q Apply PhotoWorks
Q Apply Analysis tools: SolidWorks SimulationXpress and SolidWorks Flow
Simulation
What is SolidWorks Software?

SolidWorks is design automation software. In SolidWorks, you sketch ideas and
experiment with different designs to create 2D and 3D sketches, 3D models, 3D
assemblies, and 2D drawings using the easy to learn Windows® graphical user
interface.
SolidWorks is used by students, designers, engineers and other professionals
around the world to produce simple and complex parts, assemblies, and drawings.
Prerequisites
Before you begin the F1 in Schools™
Design Project you should review and
complete the following SolidWorks
Tutorials that are integrated in the
SolidWorks software under the Getting
Starting folder:
2 Using This Book

SolidWorks Lesson 1: Introduction
Q Lesson 1 - Parts
Q Lesson 2 - Assemblies
Q Lesson 3 - Drawings
Click Help, Student Curriculum to
access the Race Car Design Project
folder. Click Help, Instructors
Curriculum to access the Educator
Resources.
As an alternative, you can complete
the following lessons from An
Introduction to Engineering Design
With SolidWorks:
Q Lesson 1: Using the Interface
Q Lesson 2: Basic Functionality
Q Lesson 3: The 40-Minute
Running Start
Q Lesson 4: Assembly Basics
Q Lesson 5: Drawing Basics
Prerequisites 3
Conventions Used in This Book

This manual uses the following typographical conventions:
Convention Meaning
Bold Sans Serif SolidWorks commands and options that you select, appear
in this style. Example 1: Extruded Boss/Base means
click the Extruded Boss/Base tool from the Features
toolbar. Example 2: View, Origins means click View,
Origns from the Menu bar menu.
Typewriter Files and Folder names appear in this style. Example 1:
Race Car Design Project. Example 2: Sketch1.
17 Do this step. The steps in the lessons are numbered in sans serif bold.
Before You Begin

Copy and un-zip the Race Car Design Project folder from the SolidWorks
website onto your computer before you start this project.
1 Start a SolidWorks session.
Click All Programs, SolidWorks, SolidWorks from the Windows Start menu.
The SolidWorks application is displayed.
Note: If you created the SolidWorks icon on your desktop, click the icon to
start a SolidWorks session.
2 Copy the Race Car Design Project folder.

Click the SolidWorks Resources tab
from the Task Pane.
Click the Student Curriculum folder
as illustrated.
4 Conventions Used in This Book

Expand the SolidWorks

Educator Curriculum folder.
Double-click the needed
Curriculum folder.
Note: At the time of writing, the
Curriculum 2010 folder was not
available.
Double-click the F1-in Schools
Race Car Design Project
folder. View the available folders.
Note: Select the correct (Language) F1-in
Schools Race Car Design Project
folder.
Ctrl-click the Race Car Design
Project Files - All
Languages folder as illustrated to
download the needed SolidWorks
model files. A Browse For
Folder dialog box is displayed.
Before You Begin 5

Tip: Ask your teacher where you should save

the zip file. Remember where you saved
the downloaded zip file.
3 Locate the zip folder.
Select a folder location on your system.
Click OK.
4 Un-zip the SolidWorks model files
and folders.
Browse to the location where you saved
the downloaded zip folder.
Right-click the downloaded zip icon.
Click Extract All.

Select the folder
location.
Click Extract.
6 Before You Begin

View the results.

Double-click the
Race Car
Design
Project 2009
or 2010 -
Models-
Initial folder.
View the results.
Note: At the time of
writing, the
Curriculum
2010 folder was
not available.
You now have a
folder with all of
the needed initial
SolidWorks folders
and files.
Before You Begin 7

Add a Folder to the Design

Library Path
The SolidWorks Design
Library is a convenient way to
access the parts used in the
exercises. It is more efficient
than clicking File, Open from
the Menu bar menu and
browsing for a file. Add the
Race Car Design
Project folder to the search
path of the Design Library.
1 Open the Task Pane.
Click the Design Library
tab.
2 Add a Design Library folder.
Click the Add File Location
tab from the Design
Library.
Browse to where you
extracted the initial Project
folder.
Double-click the Race Car
Design Project folder.
Click the Race Car
Design Project folder.
Click OK.
8 Add a Folder to the Design Library Path

3 Results.
The contents of the Race Car Design
Project SolidWorks folder is now
accessible through the SolidWorks Design
Library.
Note: Visit www.f1inschools.co.uk for updated
design requirements and specifications
along with free SolidWorks software.
Add a Folder to the Design Library Path 9

10 Add a Folder to the Design Library Path

SolidWorks
Lesson 2
Designing the Race Car

Q Describe important factors to the performance of a CO2-powered Race Car
Q Create the Race Car assembly from an existing model using the following
Feature and Sketch tools: Extruded Boss/Base, Extruded Cut, Fillet, Line,
Sketch Fillet, Smart Dimension, Mate, Explode, and Rotate Component
Q Insert components into a new assembly
Q Apply Standard mates between components in the Race Car assembly
Q Create an Exploded configuration of the Race Car assembly
Q Apply the Mass Properties tool
Q Apply the Measure tool
Q Open Parts from the Race Car assembly
Q Confirm the required Race Car dimensions for Type-R with the Rules and
Regulations of the F1 in Schools™ Design Project contest
Lesson 2: Designing the Race Car SolidWorks
Important Design
Considerations
Within the framework of the
F1 in Schools™ Design
Project contest
specifications, there are a
few factors to keep in mind
when it comes to building a
winning car. These are:
Q Friction
Energy used to
overcome friction is
energy that isn’t being
used to accelerate your Race Car. Sources of friction include:
• Wheels and axles: if the wheels do not spin freely, the Race Car will be
slow.
• Misaligned axles: if the axle holes are not drilled perpendicular to the
centerline of the car, the car will have a tendency to turn to the left or right.
This will cost you speed and the contest!
• Misaligned screw eyes: if the screw eyes are not positioned and aligned
properly, the guideline can drag on them, the car body, or the wheels. This
can slow the car dramatically.
• Bumps or imperfections in the rolling surface of the wheel. The more
perfectly round and smooth the wheels are, the better they will roll.
Q Mass
There is a finite amount of thrust produced by a CO2 cartridge. It stands to
reason that a car with less mass will accelerate quicker and travel down the
track faster. Reducing the mass of your car is one way to build a faster car.
Keep in mind that the contest specifications stipulates a minimum mass of
55grams for the vehicle.
Q Aerodynamics
The air exerts a resistance, or drag, as the car tries to move through it. To
minimize drag, your car should have a smooth, streamlined shape.
Note: Check in the back of this lesson for a summary of the required design
requirements for your Race Car assembly. Visit www.f1inschools.co.uk for
updated design requirements and specifications.
12 Important Design Considerations

SolidWorks Lesson 2: Designing the Race Car
About Balsa
Balsa trees grow naturally in the humid rain
forests of Central and South America. Its
natural range extends south from
Guatemala, through Central America, to the
north and west coast of South America as
far as Bolivia. However, the small country
of Ecuador on the western coast of South
America, is the world’s primary source of
balsa for model building.
Balsa needs a warm climate with plenty of
rainfall and good drainage. For that reason,
the best stands of balsa usually appear on
the high ground between tropical rivers.
Ecuador has the ideal geography and
climate for growing balsa trees.
Balsa wood imported into North America is
plantation grown. Don’t worry about
destroying the rain forests by using balsa –
it grows incredibly fast. In 6 to 10 years the
tree is ready for harvesting, having reached a height of 18 to 28 meters (60 to 90
feet) and a diameter of about 115 centimeters (45 inches). If left to continue
growing, the new wood on the outside layers becomes very hard and the tree
begins to rot in the center. Unharvested, a balsa tree may grow to a diameter of
180 centimeters (6 feet) or more, but very little usable lumber can be obtained
from a tree of this size.
Use balsa wood with a clear conscience. The rain forests aren’t being destroyed to
harvest it.
Start SolidWorks and open an existing part

1 Start the SolidWorks application.
Click All Programs, SolidWorks, SolidWorks
from the Start menu. The SolidWorks graphics area
is displayed.
2 Open the Design Library.
Click the Design Library tab from the Task
Pane.
About Balsa 13
3 Open the Race Car Block.

Click the Race Car Design Project SolidWorks
folder located in the Design Library.
The contents of the folder is displayed in the lower
portion of the Design Library window.
Drag and drop the part named Race Car Block
into the SolidWorks graphics area. View the model
and the FeatureManager design tree.
Note: This may take 1-5 seconds.
The FeatureManager design tree located on the left
side of the SolidWorks window provides an outline
view of the active model. This makes it easy to see
how the model was constructed.
The FeatureManager design tree and the graphics
area are dynamically linked. You can select features, sketches, drawing views, and
construction geometry in either pane.
14 Start SolidWorks and open an existing part

4 Review the created features and

sketches in the model.
Drag the rollback bar upwards to a
position before the Balsa Block
feature.
The Balsa Block feature is
displayed.
Double-click the Balsa Block
feature in the FeatureManager. The
feature is displayed in blue in the
graphics area and Sketch1 is
displayed. View the dimensions. If
needed, press the z key to fit the
model to the graphics area.
Note: The Balsa Block is 223mm x
50mm x 65mm. If you plan to use a fixture to machine your car, you must make
sure that your design is no longer that 210mm. Most fixtures have a nose plate that
holds the front of the balsa block and if your design is too long, it can/will end up
breaking the endmill or possible damaging the fixture.
Drag the rollback bar downwards to a
position before the Screw Eye Slot
feature.
View the features in the graphics area.
Double-click the Screw Eye Slot
feature in the FeatureManager. The
feature is displayed in blue and
Sketch2 is displayed.
Drag the rollback bar downwards to a
position before the CO2 Cartidge
Hole feature. View the features in the
graphics area.
Double-click the CO2 Cartidge
Hole feature in the FeatureManager.
The feature is displayed in blue and
Sketch3 is displayed.
Drag the rollback bar downwards to a position before the Axle Hole Cut Out
feature. View the features in the graphics area.
Start SolidWorks and open an existing part 15

Double-click the Axle Hole Cut Out

feature in the FeatureManager. The feature is
displayed in blue and Sketch4 is displayed.
Drag the rollback bar downwards to a position
before (-)Sketch5.
Click (-)Sketch5 from the FeatureManager.
View (-)Sketch5 in the graphics area.
(-)Sketch5 is the sketch of a Spline. Splines are used to sketch curves that
have continuously changing shape. Splines are defined by a series of points
between which the SolidWorks software uses equations to interpolate the curve
geometry.
Splines are very useful for modeling free-form shapes, “body of the Race Car”
that are smooth.
Note: (-)Sketch5 is not fully defined, because a spline is free-form and will vary by
the designer.
16 Start SolidWorks and open an existing part

Drag the rollback bar downwards to a position below

Sketch8.
Click Sketch8 from the FeatureManager.
View Sketch8 in the graphics area.
Click inside the graphics area.
Extruded Cut Feature

An Extruded Cut feature removes
material from a part or an assembly.
Remove material for the Race Car
Body.
1 Create the first Extruded Cut Feature.
Right-click (-)Sketch5 from the
FeatureManager.
Click Edit Sketch from the Context
toolbar. The Sketch toolbar is displayed
in the CommandManager.
Click the Features tab from the
CommandManager. The Features
toolbar is displayed.
Click the Extruded Cut tool from
the Features toolbar. The Cut-
Extrude PropertyManager is
displayed.
Select Through All for the End
Condition in Direction 1.
Extruded Cut Feature 17

Click the two surfaces as illustrated in the graphic area. Sketch5-

Region<1> and Sketch5-Region<2> are displayed in the Selected
Contours dialog box.
Click OK from the Cut-Extrude PropertyManager.

Cut-Extrude1 is displayed in the FeatureManager.
Click inside the graphics area. View the results.
Note: Pin the

Menu bar
toolbar and
the Menu
bar menu to
obtain access to both menus in this book.
18 Extruded Cut Feature

2 Save the model.

Click Save from the Menu bar toolbar.
3 Create the second Extruded Cut

Feature.
Right-click (-)Sketch6 from
the FeatureManager.
Click Edit Sketch from the
Context toolbar. The Sketch
toolbar is displayed in the
CommandManager.
Click Right view from the
Heads-up View toolbar. The Right
view is displayed.

Press the z key to Zoom out. Press the Z

key to Zoom in. Press the f key to fit the
model to Graphics area.
Click the Extruded Cut tool. The
Cut-Extrude PropertyManager is
displayed.
Note: Through All is selected for End
Condition in Direction 1 and
Direction 2.
Check the Flip side to cut box. View
the direction of the extrude.
Click OK from the Cut-Extrude

PropertyManager. Cut-Extrude2 is
displayed.
Click Save from the Menu bar

toolbar.

4 Create the third Extruded Cut Feature.

Create the hole for the CO2 cartridge.
Right-click Sketch7 from the
FeatureManager.
Click Edit Sketch from the Context
toolbar. The Sketch toolbar is displayed
in the CommandManager.
Click Back view from the Heads-up
View toolbar.
Click Hidden Lines Visible from the
Heads-up View toolbar.
View the dimensions of the sketch.
Note: Sketch7 is the sketch

for the CO2 cartridge
hole.


Click the Extruded Cut tool.
The Cut-Extrude
PropertyManager is displayed.
Click Through All for End
Condition in Direction 1 and
Direction 2.
Check the Flip side to cut box.
Note: View the direction of the extrude
feature arrows.

Click Isometric view

from the Heads-up View
toolbar.
Click OK from the

Cut-Extrude
PropertyManager. View
the Extruded Cut feature.
Cut-Extrude3 is
displayed.
Click inside the graphics
area.
Click Shaded With
Edges from the
5 Save the model.
Click Save .

Create the Front Wing

1 Create a MidPlane Extruded Boss Feature.
Right-click Sketch8 from the FeatureManager.
Sketch8 is the sketch for the front wing of the car.
Click Edit Sketch from the Context toolbar. The
Sketch toolbar is displayed in the CommandManager.
Click Right view from the Heads-up

View toolbar.
Click the z key to fit the model in the
graphics area.
View the sketch dimensions.
2 Create an Extruded Boss Feature.
An Extruded Boss feature adds material to
the model.
CommandManager. The Features toolbar is
displayed.
Click Extruded Boss/Base from the
Features toolbar. The Boss-Extrude
Select Mid Plane for End Condition in
Direction 1.
Enter 50.00mm for Depth.
24 Create the Front Wing

Click Isometric view

toolbar. View the Extruded
Boss feature.
Click OK from the

Boss-Extrude
PropertyManager. Boss-
Extrude1 is displayed.
Click inside the graphics
area.
Note: Use your middle mouse
button to rotate the model
in the graphics area. View
the created features.
Create the Front Wing 25

3 Save the model.

Create the Rear Wing

1 Create a Sketch.
Click Hidden Lines Removed from the
Right-click Right Plane from the
FeatureManager.
Click Sketch from the Context toolbar.
The Sketch toolbar is displayed. Right Plane
is your Sketch plane.
Click Right view from the Heads-up
View toolbar.
Press the z key to fit the model to the graphics
area.
Click the Zoom to Area tool from the
Zoom in on the back of the car as illustrated.
Click the Zoom to Area tool from the Coincident

Heads-up View toolbar to deactivate.
Click the Line tool from the Sketch toolbar.
The Insert Line PropertyManager is
displayed.
Sketch four lines as illustrated. The first point
is Coincident with the top horizontal edge of
the car.
2 Deselect the Line Sketch tool.
Right-click Select in the graphics area.
26 Create the Rear Wing

3 Apply the Sketch Fillet tool.

Click the Sketch Fillet tool from
the Sketch toolbar. The Sketch
Fillet PropertyManager is
displayed.
Enter 2mm for Fillet Radius.
Click the left endpoint of the

horizontal line.
Click the right endpoint of the
horizontal line.
Click OK from the Sketch

Fillet PropertyManager.
Click OK from the Sketch

Fillet PropertyManager.
4 Dimension the Rear Wing.
Click the Smart Dimension
tool from the Sketch toolbar. The
Smart Dimension icon is
displayed on the mouse pointer.
Click the two illustrated edges.
Click a position to the right.
Enter the 3mm dimension.
Create the Rear Wing 27

Click the illustrated edge and point.

Click a position to the right.
Click the illustrated two points.

Click a position above the
model.

Click the illustrated two edges.

Click a position above and to the
right.
Sketch9 is fully defined and is
displayed in black.
Note: If needed, click the Reverse the
sense of dimension icon in the
Modify dialog box.
Click OK from the

Dimension
PropertyManager.
5 Create an Extruded Boss

Feature.
Click the Features tab from the CommandManager. The
Features toolbar is displayed.
Click the Extruded Boss/Base tool. The Boss-
Extrude PropertyManager is displayed.
Click Isometric view from the Heads-up View

toolbar.
Select Mid Plane for the End Condition from the
drop-down menu.
Enter 50mm for Depth.
Click OK from the Boss-Extrude

PropertyManager. Boss-Extrude2 is displayed.
Click Shaded With Edges from the Heads-up View
toolbar.
Click inside the graphics area. View the results.
Create the Rear Wing 29

6 Save the model.

Note: Press the s key to view the previous
commands in the graphics area.
Note: Press the g key to activate the Magnifying
glass tool. Use the Magnifying glass tool
to inspect a model and make selections
without changing the overall view of the
model.

Insert Fillets
1 Insert a Fillet Feature.
Fillets creates a rounded internal or external face on the
part. You can fillet all edges of a face, selected sets of
faces, selected edges, or edge loops.
Click Hidden Lines Removed from the Heads-up
View toolbar.
Click the Fillet tool from the Features toolbar. The
Fillet PropertyManager is displayed.
Click the Manual tab in the Fillet PropertyManager.
Click the Constant radius Fillet Type box.
Enter 3mm for Radius.
Click the 8 edges on the top right of the car. The selected
edges are displayed in the Items To Fillet box.
Rotate the car with the middle mouse button to view the left side of the car.
Click the 8 edges on the top left of the car.
Click the top front edge of the car. The selected edges are displayed in the
Items To Fillet box.
Insert Fillets 31
Rotate the car to view the bottom with the middle mouse button.
Click the bottom edges of the car. Do not select the two back curved edges or the
two back straight edges as illustrated. The selected edges are displayed in the
Items To Fillet box.
Do not select
the two back
curved edges
or the two back
straight edges.
Click OK from the Fillet PropertyManager. View the Fillet1 feature in

the FeatureManager.
Click Isometric view from the Heads-up View toolbar.

2 Insert a second Fillet Feature. Fillet the Cockpit
Area.
Constant radius Fillet type is selected by default.
Enter 12mm for Radius.
32 Insert Fillets
Click the illustrated back edge.

Edge1 is displayed in the Items
To Fillet box.
Click OK from the Fillet

PropertyManager. View the
Fillet2 feature in the
FeatureManager.
3 Save the model.

4 Create a Variable Fillet.
Rotate the model using the middle mouse button to
view the back curved edges with the middle mouse
button.
Constant radius Fillet Type is selected by default.
Check the Variable radius box for Fillet Type.
Insert Fillets 33
Click the two curved

edges.
Click and drag the
Variable radius boxes
off the model.
Click inside the top left

Unassigned box.
Enter 15mm.
Click inside the top right
Unassigned box.
Enter 15mm.
Click inside the bottom
left Unassigned box.
Enter 5mm.
Click inside the bottom
right Unassigned box.
Enter 5mm.
34 Insert Fillets
Click OK from the Fillet PropertyManager.

View the VarFillet1 feature in the
FeatureManager.

toolbar.
Click Shaded from the Heads-up View toolbar.
5 Save the model.
View the model.
Insert Fillets 35
Create an Assembly
Create an assembly with the Race Car Block.
Insert the Wheels and Axles.
1 Create an assembly.
Click the Make Assembly from Part/Assembly
tool from the Menu bar toolbar.
Click OK to accept the default Assembly
template. The Begin Assembly
The Race Car Block part file is listed in the
Open documents box.
2 Locate the Component.
Click OK from the Begin Assembly
PropertyManager. The(f)Race Car Block is
displayed in the assembly FeatureManager design
tree as fixed.
3 Deactivate the Planes.
If needed, click View, un-check Planes from the
Menu bar menu.
Note: The initial component added to the assembly is

fixed by default. A fixed component cannot be
moved unless you float it.
4 Set Isometric view with Hidden Lines
Removed.
Click Isometric from the Heads-up View
toolbar.
Click Hidden Lines Removed from the
5 Save the assembly.
Click Save from the Menu bar menu.
Save the assembly under the name Race Car in
the downloaded folder.
Note: If needed, click View, un-check All Annotations.
36 Create an Assembly
6 Insert the Axles.

Click and drag the Axle part from the Design Library window.
Click a position near the rear of the car. The Insert Components PropertyManager
is displayed. A second Axle is displayed on the mouse pointer.
Drag the second Axle to the front of the car. Click a position.
Click Cancel from the Insert Component PropertyManager. View the
FeatureManager.
Axle <1> and Axle <2> are displayed.
7 Insert the first Wheel.

Click and drag the Wheel part from the Design Library window.
Click a position near the right rear of the car. The Insert Components
PropertyManager is displayed. A second Wheel is displayed on the mouse pointer.
8 Insert the other three Wheels.
Insert the second Wheel near the right front of the car; Wheel<2>.
Insert the third Wheel near the left rear of the car; Wheel<3>.
Insert the fourth Wheel near the left front of the car; Wheel<4>.
Create an Assembly 37
Click Cancel from the Insert Component PropertyManager. View the

updated FeatureManager.
9 Deactivate the Origins.

Click View, un-check Origins from the Menu bar menu.
10 Save the model.
11 Apply the Rotate Component tool.
Rotate the two Wheels located on the left side of the
model.
Click the Assembly tab from the
CommandManager.
Click Wheel<3> from the FeatureManager. This is
the rear left wheel.
Click the Rotate Component tool from the
Assembly toolbar. The Rotate Component
38 Create an Assembly
Rotate Wheel<3> as illustrated.

Click Wheel<4> from the fly-out FeatureManager.
This is the front left wheel.
Rotate Wheel<4> as illustrated.
Click OK from the Rotate Component

PropertyManager.
12 Rebuild the model.
Click Rebuild from the Menu bar.
Create an Assembly 39
Insert Mates
An assembly is a document in which two or more parts and other assemblies (sub-
assemblies) are mated together. Parts and sub-assemblies are called components
in an assembly. Mates are used to create relationships between components. Faces
are the most commonly used geometry in mates. In this case the existing sub-
assemblies are mated to build an assembly based on the car part you created.
There are three types of mates; Standard Mates,
Advanced Mates and Mechanical Mates.
Standard Mates
Q Coincident
Q Parallel
Q Perpendicular
Q Tangent
Q Concentric
Q Lock
Q Distance
Q Angle
Advanced Mates
Q Symmetric
Q Width
Q Path Mate
Q Linear/Linear Coupler
Q Distance/Angle Limit
You can select many different types of geometry to create
a mate:
Q Faces
Q Planes
Q Edges
Q Vertices
Q Sketch lines and points
Q Axes and Origins
Note: In this section, position the model to view the correct
sketch entity. Apply the Zoom to Area tool in the
Heads-up View toolbar, the middle mouse button, and the
f and z keys.
40 Insert Mates
1 Mate the Axles to the body.

Create a Coincident mate between
the rear axle and the body.
Click the Mate tool from the
Assembly toolbar. The Mate
Tip: Zoom and/or rotate the view to make
it easier to select the faces or edges
you want to mate.
Expand the fly-out Race Car
FeatureManager in the graphics area.
Click the Race Car Block/
Right Plane in the fly-out
FeatureManager.
Click the Race Car Axle<1>/
FeatureManager. Coincident mate is
selected by default.
The selected
planes are
displayed in the
Mate
Selections
box.
Click Add/Finish
Mate to accept
the mate.
Insert Mates 41
2 Insert a Concentric mate.

Create a Concentric mate
between the rear axle and
the body.
Drag Axle<1> as
illustrated.
Click the inside cylindrical
face of the rear hole.
Click the cylindrical
outside face of Axle<1>.
Concentric mate is selected
by default.
Click Add/Finish Mate

to accept the mate.
Note: In this section, position the
model to view the correct
sketch entity. Apply the
Zoom to Area tool, the
middle mouse button, and
the f and z keys.
42 Insert Mates
3 Insert a Coincident Mate.

Create a Coincident mate
between the front axle and the
body.
Click the Race Car Block/
FeatureManager.
Click the Race Car
Axle<2>/Right Plane in
the fly-out FeatureManager.
Coincident mate is selected by
default.
Click Add/Finish
Mate to
accept the mate.
Insert Mates 43
4 Insert a Concentric Mate.

Create a Concentric mate
between the front axle and the
body.
Drag Axle<2> as illustrated.
Click the inside cylindrical face
of the front hole.
Click the cylindrical outside
face of Axle<2>.
Concentric mate is selected by
default.
Click Add/Finish Mate to

accept the mate.
In the next section mate the
Wheels with the Axles.
44 Insert Mates
1 Mate the Wheels to the Axles.

Create a Concentric mate between the
front axle and the front right wheel.
Click the cylindrical outside face of
Axle<2>.
Click the cylindrical inside face of
the front right Wheel<2>.
Concentric is selected by default.
Click Add/Finish Mate to accept

the mate.
Note: Position the model to view the correct
sketch entity.
Insert Mates 45
2 Create A Distance Mate.

Create a Distance mate between the outside end
face of the front right Axle<2> and the outside
face of the front right Wheel<2>.
Click the outside end face of the front right
Axle<2>.
Click Shaded from the Heads-up View
toolbar.
Click the outside face of the right front
Wheel<2> as illustrated.
Click the Distance Mate tool.
Enter 7mm.
Click Add/Finish Mate to accept the mate.

3 Mate the three remaining Wheels to the
Front and Rear Axles.
Repeat the above procedures to create
Concentric mates between the Axles and the
Wheels.
Create Distance mates between the outside end
face of the Axles and the outside face of the
Wheels.
Click OK from the Mate PropertyManager.

4 View the Created Mates.
Expand the Mates folder from the
FeatureManager.
View the created mates.
46 Insert Mates
5 Save the model.

Insert Mates 47
Calculate the Weight of the Race

Car
When you are finished and ready to
race, your car has to weigh no less
than 55 grams. This does not include
the CO2 cartridge. Check the weight
of the model. Apply the Mass
Properties tool.
1 Click the Evaluate tab from the
CommandManager.
Click Mass Properties from the
Evaluate toolbar. The Mass
Properties dialog box is
displayed.
Click the Options button.
Check the Use custom setting box.
Select 4 for Decimal place.
Click OK.
The Mass = 54.9815 grams.
Note: The mass can be different if you did
not fillet all of the edges or too many.
There will be eye hooks, paint,
decals, and sanding. Use this mass as
an estimate and make sure to weigh
the completed car before racing. A
list of critical dimensional rule
requirements are provided at the end
of this lesson.
Note: The mass of the Axle part using 2024
Alloy is .9896 grams. If the Axle part
was changed to AISI 304, the total mass increase of the Race Car would be
approximately 3.67 grams. Explored this as an exercise.
Close the Mass Properties dialog box.
2 Save the model.
48 Calculate the Weight of the Race Car

Calculate the Overall Length of the

Race Car
When you are finished and ready to
race, your car can’t exceed 210mm in
length and the Wheels have a
minimum of 26mm and a maximum
of 34mm. Apply the Measure tool to obtain these measurements of the Race
Car assembly.
1 Measure the Overall Length of the Car.
Click Right view from the Heads-up View toolbar.
Click the Measure tool from the Evaluate toolbar. The Measure - Race
Car dialog box is displayed.
Click the front edge of the Race Car. Zoom in if needed to select the edge.
Click the back edge of the Race Car. Note: Select an edge, not a point or face.
View the results.
Note: The Balsa Block is 223mm x 50mm x 65mm. If you plan to use a fixture to
machine your car, you must make sure that your design is no longer that 210mm.
Most fixtures have a nose plate that holds the front of the Balsa Block and if
your design is too long, it can/will end up breaking the endmill or possible
damaging the fixture.
Calculate the Overall Length of the Race Car 49

2 Measure the Wheel<2> diameter.

Right-click inside of the Selection box.
Click Clear Selections.
Click the diameter of the front Wheel<2>.
The diameter of Wheel<2> is 32mm.
Note: Remember your wheels need to be between
26mm and 34mm in diameter.
50 Calculate the Overall Length of the Race Car

3 Measure the center distance between the

two Wheel hubs.
Right-click inside of the Selection box.
Click the front hub face of front Wheel<1>.
Click the front hub face of back Wheel<2>.
The center distance between the two Wheel
hubs is 135mm.
Close the Measure - Race Car dialog box.
Calculate the Overall Length of the Race Car 51

Create an Exploded view

For manufacturing purposes, it is often useful to
separate the components of an assembly to visually
analyze their relationships. Exploding the view of an
assembly allows you to look at it with the components
separated.
An exploded view consists of one or more explode
steps. An exploded view is stored with the assembly
configuration with which it is created. Each
configuration can have one exploded view.
The Explode PropertyManager is displayed when you
create or edit an exploded view of an assembly.
Note: While an assembly is exploded, you cannot add mates
to the assembly.
1 Create an Exploded view Configuration.

Click Isometric from the Heads-up View toolbar.
Click the ConfigurationManager tab.
Right-click Default from the ConfigurationManager.
Click the New Exploded View tool. The
Explode PropertyManager is displayed.
Click the right front Wheel<2> of the model in the
graphics area. A Triad is displayed.
Click and drag the red/orange Triad arrow to the right.
Note: Drag the wheel far enough to the right to leave room for Axle<2>.
Click the Done button from the Settings box.
52 Create an Exploded view

2 Create Explode Step2.

Click the left front Wheel<4> of the model. A Triad is displayed.
Click and drag the red/orange Triad arrow to the left.

Click the right back Wheel<1> of the model. A Triad is displayed.
Click and drag the red/orange Triad arrow to the right. Drag the wheel far
enough to the right to leave room for Axle<1>.
Create an Exploded view 53


Click the left back Wheel<3> of the model. A Triad is displayed.
Click and drag the red/orange Triad arrow to the left.
Click the Done button from the Settings box. View the results.

Click the front Axle<2> of the model. A Triad is
displayed.
Click the right back Axle<1> of the model. A Triad is
displayed.
Click the Done button from the Settings box. View
the model.
Expand each Explode Step in the Explode Steps
box. View the results.

7 Return to the ConfigurationManager.

Click OK from the Explode
PropertyManager.
8 Animate the assembly.
Expand the Default configuration. ExpView1
is displayed.
Right-click ExplView1.
Click Animate collapse. View the results.

Click the Play button

from the
Animation
Controller
dialog box. View the
Animation of the
Race Car.
Close the
Animation
Controller
dialog box.
9 Return to the
FeatureManager.
Click the FeatureManager tab.
10 Save the model.
Click Isometric from the Heads-up
View toolbar.
Click Save from Menu bar.

You are finished with the assembly.
In the next section, open individual parts
from the assembly and apply the
Measure tool.

1 Open the Race Car Block Part from the

Assembly.
Right-click (f) Race Car Block<1> from
the FeatureManager.
Click Open Part from the Context toolbar.
The Race Car Block FeatureManager is
displayed.

2 Return to the Race Car Assembly.

Click Window, Race Car from the Menu bar
menu. The Race Car assembly is displayed.
3 Open the Axle Part from the Assembly.
Right-click Axle<1> from the FeatureManager.
Click Open Part from the Context toolbar. The
Axle FeatureManager is displayed.
4 Apply the Measure tool to the Axle.
Measure the overall length.
Click Front view from Heads-up View toolbar.
Press the f key to fit the model to the graphics area.
Click the Measure

tool from the Evaluate
toolbar. The Measure
- Axle dialog box is
displayed.
Click the left edge of
Axle<1>.
Zoom in if needed to
select the edge.
Click the right edge of
Axle<1>.
View the results.
5 Measure the diameter of the Axle.
Right-click inside of the Selection box as
illustrated.
Click Right view from the Heads-up View
toolbar.

Click the circumference of the

Axle<1>. The diameter is 3mm.
Close the Measure - Axle
dialog box.
Click Isometric view from the

6 Return to the Race Car

assembly.
Click Window, Race Car from the Menu bar
menu.
The Race Car assembly is displayed.
1 Explore various Scenes and View Settings.

Click the drop-down arrow from the Apply
scene tool in the Heads-up View toolbar.
View your options.
Click Backdrop - Ambient White.
View the results in the graphics area.
Click Plain White.
Click Warm Kitchen.

Click the drop-down arrow from the View settings

tool in the Heads-up View toolbar.
Click the Shadows In Shaded Mode icon.
Rotate the model with your middle mouse button.
View the results.
2 Save the model.
Click Isometric from the Heads-up View toolbar.
Click Save from the Menu bar. You are finished with the assembly. Review
below for some of the dimensional rule requirements for the CO2 Cartridge
Race Car assembly. In the next lesson, you will create an Race Car assembly
drawing with dimensions.

Race Car Dimensional Requirements

Below are some of the dimensional requirements (Type-R) for the Race Car
Block and the CO2 cartridge hole. Review the dimensional requirements. Apply
the Measure tool to confirm that you meet the design requirements!
Body dimensions copied from the

2009 - 2010 Rules and Regulations
folder from the F1inschools.co.uk
site.
Race Car Dimensional Requirements 61

Wheel dimensions copied from the

2009 - 2010 Rules and Regulations
folder from the F1inschools.co.uk
site.
Wheel to Body dimensional

design requirements copied
from the 2009 - 2010 Rules and
Regulations folder from the
F1inschools.co.uk site.
62 Race Car Dimensional Requirements

Power Plant dimensional design

requirements copied from the
2009 - 2010 Rules and
Regulations folder from the
F1inschools.co.uk site.
Car Body and Wings

dimensional design requirements
copied from the 2009 - 2010
Rules and Regulations folder
from the F1inschools.co.uk site
Race Car Dimensional Requirements 63

64 Race Car Dimensional Requirements

SolidWorks
Lesson 3
Create an Assembly Drawing

Q Create a B-size Sheet drawing of the Race Car assembly
Q Apply the View Palette in the Task Pane
Q Insert an Isometric view with a Bill of Materials
Q Modify the View scale
Q Modify the Sheet scale
Q Add a drawing Sheet
Q Edit the drawing Title block
Q Insert a Front, Top and Right view
Q Insert Dimensions into drawing views
Q Create an Exploded Isometric view
Lesson 3: Create an Assembly Drawing SolidWorks
Drawings
SolidWorks enables you to easily create drawings of parts and assemblies. These
drawings are fully associative with the parts and assemblies they reference. If you
change a dimension on the finished drawing, that change propagates back to the
model. Likewise, if you change the model, the drawing updates automatically.
Drawings communicate three things about the objects they represent:
Q Shape – Views communicate the shape of an object.
Q Size – Dimensions communicate the size of an object.
Q Other information – Notes communicate nongraphic information about
manufacturing processes such as drill, ream, bore, paint, plate, grind, heat
treat, remove burrs and so forth.
Create an Assembly Drawing

1 Open the Race Car Assembly.
Click File, Open, or click Open
from the Menu bar toolbar.
Browse to the Race Car
assembly folder.
Open the Race Car assembly.
The Race Car assembly
FeatureManager is displayed.
2 Create an ANSI Assembly
Drawing Document.
Click the Make Drawing from
Part/Assembly tool from the
Menu bar toolbar.
Accept the standard Drawing
Template.
Click OK from the New
SolidWorks Document
dialog box.
Click OK from the Sheet
Format/Size dialog box.
66 Create an Assembly Drawing

SolidWorks Lesson 3: Create an Assembly Drawing
Right-click inside the drawing sheet.

Click Properties. The Sheet Properties dialog box is displayed.
3 Select the Sheet size and

Type of Projection.
Click B (ANSI)
Landscape for Sheet
Format/Size.
The default name of the
Sheet is Sheet1.
Click Third angle for
Type of projection.
The Sheet Scale size is
1:5.
Check the Display sheet
format box.
Properties dialog box.
The drawing sheet is displayed.
Create an Assembly Drawing 67

4 Set Document
Properties.
Click Tools,
Options, or click
Options from
the Menu bar
toolbar.
Click the
Document
Properties tab.
Select ANSI for
Overall
drafting standard.
Note: Unit system is MMGS
(millimeter, gram, second).
5 Set Annotations Font.
Click the Annotations folder.
Click the Font button. The
Choose Font dialog box is
displayed. Select the drawing
font.
Select Century Gothic from
the Font box.
Select Regular from the Font
Style box.
Check the Points box from the
Height area.
Select 16.
6 Close the Choose Font
dialog box.
Click OK.
7 Return to the graphics area.
Click OK.

8 Insert an Isometric view.

Use the View Palette to insert drawing views. The View
Palette contains images of standard views, annotation
views, section views, and flat patterns (sheet metal parts)
of the selected model. You can drag views into an active
drawing sheet to create a drawing view.
If needed click the View Palette tab from the Task
Pane.
Drag the *Isometric icon into Sheet1.
The Isometric view is displayed. The Drawing View1

9 Modify the Sheet Scale and Display mode.

Check the Use custom scale box.
Select 1:1 from the drop-down menu.
Click Shaded from the Display Style box.
Click OK from the Drawing View1

PropertyManager.
10 Deactivate the Origins.
If needed, click View, un-check Origins from the Menu
bar menu.

11 Edit the Title block.

The title of the drawing sheet is automatically filled in
with information that is in the file properties of the
assembly.
Right-click inside Sheet1. Do not click inside the
Isometric view.
Click Edit Sheet
Format.
Zoom in on the Title
block.
Double-click Race Car
in the Title box.
Select 22 from the drop-down menu.
Click OK from the Note PropertyManager.

12 Return to the drawing.
Right-click Edit Sheet.
View the results.
13 Fit the drawing to the Sheet.
Press the f key.
14 Save the Drawing.
Click Save . Accept the default name.
Click Save.
Create a Bill of Materials.

Insert a Bill of Materials (BOM) into the drawing of the
Race Car assembly. If you add or delete components
in the assembly, the Bill of Materials automatically
updates to reflect the changes if you select the
Automatic update of BOM option under Tools,
Options, Document Properties, Detailing.
Such changes include adding, deleting, or replacing
components, changing component names or custom
properties, and so on.

1 Create a Bill of Materials.

Click inside the Isometric view. The Drawing View1
Click the Annotation tab from the CommandManager.
Click Tables, Bill of Materials. The Bill of
Material PropertyManager is displayed. Accept the
default settings. Top level only is selected by
default. bom-standard is selected in the Table
Template box.
Click OK from the Bill of Material

PropertyManager.
Click a position in the top right corner of Sheet1.
View the results.
Note: You select a Sheet format when you open a new
drawing. The standard Sheet formats include links to
System properties and Custom properties.
2 Save the drawing.
Click Save .

Add a Sheet to the drawing.

1 Add a Sheet in the drawing.
Right-click Add Sheet. Do not click inside the
Isometric view. Sheet2 is displayed.
Insert a Front, Top, and Right view using the View Palette.
1 Insert a Front view.
Click the View Palette tab from the Task Pane.
Drag the *Front icon into Sheet2 in the bottom left
corner. The Front view is displayed. The Projected
View PropertyManager is displayed.
2 Insert a Top view.
Click a position directly above the Front view. The
Top view is displayed.
3 Insert a Right view.
Click a position directly to the left of the Front view.
The Right view is displayed.
Click OK from the Projected View

PropertyManager. View the three views.
4 Modify the Sheet Scale.

Right-click inside Sheet2. Do not click
inside a drawing view.
Click Properties.
Enter 1:2 for Scale.
Click and drag each view into position.
5 Rebuild the drawing.
Click Rebuild from the Menu bar
toolbar.
6 Save the drawing.
Click Save .

Insert a Right Drawing View Dimension.

1 Insert a Dimension into the Right view on Sheet2.
Zoom in on the Right View.
Click Smart Dimension from the Sketch toolbar.
Click the left edge of the Race Car in the Right view.
Note: Select an edge. View the icon feedback symbol.
Click the right edge of the Race Car in the Right
view.
Click a position below the car to place the dimension.
The overall dimension of the car is 210mm.

2 Insert two Dimensions into the Front view.

Press the f key to fit the model to the Sheet.
Zoom in on the Front View.
Click the left front edge of the Wheel.
Click the right front edge of the Wheel.
Click a position below the car to place the dimension.
Click the bottom of the left front Wheel.
Click the top of the Top Wing.
Click a position to the left to place the dimension.
Click OK from the Dimension PropertyManager.

Press the f key to fit the model to the Sheet. View the results.

Note: The objective of this lesson is not to produce a completely dimensioned

engineering drawing. Rather it is to introduce some of the basic steps engineers go
through when producing documentation for a product. Add additional dimensions
and information on the drawing if needed for the contest.
3 Edit the Title block on Sheet2.
The title of the drawing sheet is automatically filled in
with information that is in the file properties of the
assembly.
Right-click inside Sheet2. Do not click inside the views.
Click Edit Sheet Format.
Zoom in on the Title
block.
Double-click on Race
Car.
Select 22 from the drop-down menu.
Click OK from the Note PropertyManager.

Right-click Edit Sheet.
Rebuild the drawing.
4 Fit the model to the Sheet.
Press the f key.
5 Save the drawing.
Click Save .
Open a Part from the Assembly

1 Open the Race Car Assembly from Sheet2.
Right-click inside the Front view.
Click Open Assembly. The Race Car assembly
is displayed.
2 Return to the Race Car assembly drawing.
Click File, Close from the Menu bar menu. The
Race Car drawing is displayed.
In the next section, return to Sheet1 and create an
Exploded Isometric view.
76 Open a Part from the Assembly

Create an Exploded
Assembly view
1 Return to Sheet1.
Click the Sheet1 tab at
the bottom of the
graphics area to return to
Sheet1.
2 Create an Exploded
State.
Right-click inside the Isometric view.
Click Properties. The Drawing View Properties dialog box is displayed.
Check the Show in exploded state box.
Create an Exploded Assembly view 77

Click OK from the Drawing View Properties

dialog box.
3 Modify the View Scale.
Click inside the Isometric view in Sheet1. The Drawing
View1 PropertyManager is displayed.
Check the Use custom scale box.
Select User Defined.
Enter 1:1.5.
Click OK from the Drawing View1 PropertyManager.

4 Save the drawing.
Click Save . View the results. You are finished with the drawing section of this
Project. You created an Exploded Isometric View with a Top level Bill of
Materials on Sheet1, and three views with inserted dimensions on Sheet2.
78 Create an Exploded Assembly view

SolidWorks
Lesson 4
PhotoWorks™

Q Load the PhotoWorks Add-in
Q Create a PhotoWorks assembly configuration
Q Apply the Appearance tool to the Race Car assembly
Q Apply the Scene tool
Q Render the Race Car assembly
Q Apply and edit the Decal tool on the Race Car assembly.
Q Understand what makes an image look realistic and make changes to improve
the realism of the rendering
Q Save the PhotoWorks image
Lesson 4: PhotoWorks™ SolidWorks
PhotoWorks
PhotoWorks is a best-in-class rendering solution for creating photorealistic
images from 3D CAD models. Utilize PhotoWorks to help your colleagues
visualize your designs more easily. PhotoWorks contains advanced visualization
effects such as user-defined lighting, and an extensive library of appearances and
textures as well as background scenery.
PhotoWorks allows you to render a model in an existing scene with lights. You
select one of the studios and the scene and lights are automatically added and
scaled to the size of the model. By default, images are rendered to the graphics
area. You can also save images to a file in a variety of formats for printed
materials and web pages.
With PhotoWorks you can define and modify the
following elements of a rendering:
Q Scene
Q Appearances
Q Decals
Q Lighting
Q Image output formats
Activate PhotoWorks
Rendering is the process of
applying the appearances, scene,
lighting, and decal information to
the model.
Click Open from the Menu
bar toolbar.
Browse to the location of the
Race Car assembly in the
PhotoWorks folder or use your
assembly that you created.
The Race Car assembly is
displayed in the graphics area.
80 Activate PhotoWorks
SolidWorks Lesson 4: PhotoWorks™
2 Load the PhotoWorks Add-in.

Click the Options , Add-ins… from the Menu bar
toolbar. The Add-ins dialog box is displayed.
Check the PhotoWorks box.

Click OK from the Add-Ins dialog box.
The Render Manager tab is displayed in
the FeatureManager and is updated in the
Appearances/PhotoWorks tab in the
Task Pane.
Click Shaded With Edges from the
Note: Tangent Edges are displayed.
3 Display the PhotoWorks toolbar.

Click View, Toolbars from the
Menu bar menu.
Check the PhotoWorks box. The
PhotoWorks toolbar is displayed.
View the available tools and
options.
Activate PhotoWorks 81
Create a Configuration for Rendering

It is good practice to make a configuration of the
assembly specifically for the purposes of
rendering. This way you can make changes to the
assembly without effecting things like the
drawing.
1 Create a new configuration.
Click the ConfigurationManager tab.
Right-click Race Car.
Click Add Configuration. The Add Configuration
Note: The new configuration will be a copy of the active
one.
Enter PhotoWorks in the Configuration
name box.
Enter PhotoWorks in the Description box.
Click OK from the Add Configuration

PropertyManager.
View the new configuration.
82 Create a Configuration for Rendering

2 View the new PhotoWorks Configuration.

Click the PhotoWorks Configuration in the
ConfigurationManager.
Click the Render Manager tab.
Expand the Scene, Appearances, and Lighting
folders.
View the details.
3 Return to the FeatureManager.
Click Shaded With Edges .
Note: The present configuration is PhotoWorks. View the
results in the graphics area.
Create a Configuration for Rendering 83

84 Create a Configuration for Rendering

Appearance
PhotoWorks can use the appearance you applied when
modeling the Race Car for the rendering. However,
that isn’t always what’s best for a rendering. For
example, when you modeled the Race Car Block,
balsa material was used so we could calculate the mass.
And to do that, you needed the correct material
properties such as density.
In the case of a rendering, you are more interested in
what the car looks like, not what it is made of. So even
though PhotoWorks can render engineering materials
such as steel, copper, aluminum, and plastic, you can
also apply and render materials such as rubber, leather,
fabric, paint, etc.
4 Apply Appearance to the Tires.

Click the Appearance tool
from the PhotoWorks toolbar. The
color PropertyManager is
displayed.
Click the Basic tab from the
color PropertyManager.
Appearance 85
5 Apply changes at the part level.

You can apply changes at the part, feature, or assembly
level.
Click the Apply at part document level box.
6 Apply changes to the PhotoWorks configuration.
The PhotoWorks configuration is the active
configuration.
Check the This display state box.
Click the Select Faces in the Selected Geometry
box.
Click the top face of a tire in the

graphics area.
The selected face is displayed in the
Selected Geometry box.
86 Appearance
Click the Appearances/PhotoWorks tab from

the Task Pane as illustrated.
Expand the Appearances(color) folder.
Expand the Rubber folder.
Click the Texture folder.
Click tire tread. The tire tread appearance is
applied to the four tires in the graphics area.
Click OK from the tire thread

PropertyManager.
Appearance 87
7 Apply Appearance to the Front

and Rear Wing.
Click the Appearance tool
from the PhotoWorks toolbar. The
color PropertyManager is
displayed.
8 Apply changes at the feature
level.
You can apply changes at the part,
feature, or assembly level.
Click the Apply at part document
level box.
Check the This display state box.
Click the Select Features box.
Select a color.
Expand Race Car from the fly-

out FeatureManager.
Expand Race Car Block.
Click Boss-Extrude1. Boss-Extrude1 is the front
wing. Boss-Extrude1 is displayed in the
Selected Geometry dialog box.
Click Boss-Extrude2. Boss-Extrude2 is the rear
wing. Boss-Extrude2 is displayed in the
Selected Geometry dialog box.
Note: A custom color can be selected and created by using
the color palette in the Color dialog box.
Note: If needed, select a single feature Boss-Extrude1
and then perform the procedure again for the second
feature Boss-Extrude2.
88 Appearance
Click OK from the color

PropertyManager.
View the results.
Appearance 89
Rendering
Rendering is the process of applying
the appearance, scene, lighting, and
decal information to the model. Full
rendering applies all options set
within PhotoWorks.
Note: Performing any operation that
changes the view (zoom, pan or
rotate) will remove the rendering.
1 Render the model.
Click the Render tool from the PhotoWorks toolbar.
View the model in the graphics area.
90 Rendering
Modify the Appearance

1 Modify the Appearance to the Race Car Block.
Press the z key to exit the render mode.
Click the Appearance tool. The color

PropertyManager is displayed. Race Car is displayed
in the Selected Geometry box.
Click the Apply at part document level box.
Click Specify display state in the Display States
dialog box.
Click <PhotoWorks>.
Click Race Car Block from the Race Car fly-out

FeatureManager.
Expand the Appearances(color) folder.
Expand the Metal folder.
Click Silver.
Click matte silver.
Click OK from the matte silver

PropertyManager.
2 Render the model.
View the results.
Modify the Appearance 91

3 Save the model.

Press the z key to exit the render mode.
Click Save .
Scenes
PhotoWorks scenes are made up
of the things we see in the
rendering that are not the model.
They can be thought of as a virtual
box or sphere around the model.
Scenes are composed of
backgrounds, foreground effects,
and scenery. PhotoWorks has a
number of predefined scenes to
make initial renderings quick and easy.
92 Scenes
1 Apply the Scene tool.

Click the Scene tool
from the PhotoWorks
toolbar. The Scene
Editor dialog box is
displayed.
Click the Manager tab.
Click Studio Scenes.
Click Reflective Floor
Checkered.
Click Apply.
Click Close.
2 Render the model.
Click the Render tool
from the PhotoWorks
toolbar. View the model.
Press the z key to exit the
render mode
Scenes 93
Decals
Decals are artwork that are applied to the model. They are in some ways like
textures in that they are applied to the surface of the part, feature, or face.
Decals can have parts of the image masked out. Masking enables the material of
the underlying part to show through the decal image.
Decals can be made from a variety of image files including but not limited to:
Q Windows bitmap (*.bmp)
Q Tagged Image File (*.tif)
Q Joint Photographic Expert Group (*.jpg)
1 Apply a decal.
Click the New Decal tool
from the PhotoWorks toolbar.
The Decals
PropertyManager is
displayed.
If required, click the
Appearances/PhotoWorks
tab in the Task Pane.
Click a position on the right
side of the Race Car
Block as illustrated.
94 Decals
Click the Decals folder.

Click the SolidWorks
decal.
The decal is displayed on
the Race Car Block.
Decals 95
Check the This configuration box.
Position the Decal.

Click the Mapping tab from the
Decals PropertyManager.
The decal is not positioned or
scaled very well for the model.
Select Projection from the drop-
down menu in the Mapping box.
Select ZX from the drop-down
menu for Axis direction.
Enter 20.00mm for Horizontal
location.
Enter -12.50mm for Vertical
location.
Enter 180.00deg for Rotation.
Click inside the graphics area.
View the results.
Click OK from the Decal PropertyManager.

View the results.
Tip: Create a decal from an existing file. Select the Image
tab. Click the Browse button under the Image
file path.
96 Decals
2 Render the model.

View the model in the graphics area.
Decals 97
3 Save the model.

Press the z key to exit the Render mode.
Click Save .
4 Review the Render Manager.
Click the Render Manager tab.
Expand each folder. View the results.
Edit the Decal

Right-click logo <1>.
Click Edit. The Decals PropertyManager is
displayed.
98 Edit the Decal

Click the Mapping tab.

Use the graphics view decal frame to move, resize and
rotate the decal. View the finished position of the decal
from the PropertyManager.
Note: Dragging edges or anywhere inside the frame moves the
image, dragging corners resizes, and dragging the center
ball rotates the decal.
Click OK from the Decals PropertyManager.

6 Save the model.
Click Save . You are finished with this section. Have fun. Explore with decals,
appearances, lighting, scenes, etc.
Edit the Decal 99

Output Options
Rendering to the computer screen is generally done for two basic reasons:
Q To visualize the effects of appearances and scenes. This is generally an
intermediate step en route to the final output.
Q To capture the image with screen capture software for use in other programs.
The images for this manual were made as screen captures.
This is rarely the final output though.
Render to a Printer
Rendering directly to a printer is useful for creating a hard copy image of a
project. This is a limited option because you cannot add captions, put multiple
images on a page, or manipulate the image. Rendering to a printer is not useful for
illustrations in Microsoft® Word or PowerPoint® because the hardcopy would
have to be converted into a graphics file.
Some common uses of printer renderings might be for:
Q Lobby displays of products before production begins;
Q Display boards at conferences;
Q Project reports.
100 Output Options

To obtain rendered output from a printer, you must use the PhotoWorks print
command, not the SolidWorks print command.
Rendering to a File
The most useful output method is to render the image to a file. Image files can be
used for many purposes, including web pages, training manuals, sales brochures,
and PowerPoint® presentations.
Rendered image files can be further manipulated with other software to add
lettering, effects or make adjustments beyond the capabilities of the PhotoWorks
software. This is known as the post-production phase.
File Types
Images can be rendered to the following file types:
Q Windows Bitmap (*.bmp)
Q TIFF (*.tif)
Q TARGA (*.tga)
Q Mental Ray Scene file (*.mi)
Q JPEG (*.jpg)
Q PostScript (*.ps)
Q Encapsulated PostScript (*.eps)
Q Silicon Graphics 8-bit RGBA (*.rgb)
Q Portable pixmap (*.ppm)
Q Utah/Wavefront color, type A (*.rla)
Q Utah/Wavefront color, type B(*.rlb)
Q Softimage color (*.pic)
Q Alias color (*.alias)
Q Abekas/Quantel, PAL (720x576) (*.qntpal)
Q Abekas/Quantel, NTSC (720x486) (*.qntntsc)
Q Mental images, 8-bit color (*.ct)
Methods to Increase Rendering Quality

The quality of the image file can vary depending on the options chosen in both
SolidWorks and PhotoWorks. Generally speaking, rendering quality and rendering
time are directly proportional. Some choices to improve image quality are listed
below.
Note: Not all of these options were covered during this introduction to PhotoWorks. For
additional information about PhotoWorks, ask your teacher about getting a copy
of PhotoWorks Step-By-Step: A Self-Study Guide to Photorealistic Rendering. It is
available from your school’s value-added SolidWorks reseller.
Output Options 101

Q Increase SolidWorks image quality.

PhotoWorks uses the tessellated data of the shaded SolidWorks models when
importing those models for rendering. Increasing shaded image quality
reduces jagged edges on curved surfaces.
Q Increase the number of pixels rendered.
Use a high dot per inch setting to render more pixels.
Q Enable ray tracing.
Ray tracing allows light to reflect from, and refract through, solids.
Q Use a higher anti-aliasing setting.
Higher settings for anti-aliasing reduce the jagged appearance of edges that
are not vertical or horizontal.
Q Increase shadow quality.
Increasing shadow quality improves the edges of shadows.
Q Enable indirect lighting.
Indirect lighting adds light to surfaces that has been reflected by other
surfaces.
Q Enable caustics.
Caustics add realism by adding the highlights caused by light refracting
through transparent materials.
Q Enable global illumination.
Global illumination adds all forms of indirect illumination other than caustic
effects. This includes color information and strength.
How Many Pixels to Render

For the highest quality output with the most efficient file size, we need to
determine the correct size to render the image. As a general rule, do not scale up
bitmap images. This causes loss of definition. Images may be scaled down, but the
original file will be larger than necessary.
Dpi Versus Ppi

Dots per inch (dpi) and pixels per inch (ppi) are sometimes used interchangeably,
but they are actually different. Dots per inch are the number of dots printed per
linear inch. Pixels per inch measures the resolution of an image projected on a
display.
Calculating Correct Number of Pixels

Question: How do you calculate the number of pixels to render for the final
output?
Answer: Work backwards from the output.
For general reference, web images use a resolution of 72 dpi. Newspapers use
resolutions from 125 dpi to 170 dpi. High-quality brochures and magazines use
102 Output Options

resolutions from 200 dpi to 400 dpi. For books, the range is generally from 175
dpi to 350 dpi. PowerPoint presentations are normally 96 ppi.
If the output will be to a printer, and you want to make the image look like a
photograph, you may need 300, 600 or 1200 dots per inch.
Multiply the printer resolution in dots per inch (dpi) times the desired size in
inches.
The correct number of pixels can be calculated and entered directly, or you can
specify the size of the image in inches or centimeters and the dots per inch and let
PhotoWorks calculate the result.
Example #1
Suppose we want to include a rendering of the Race Car in a Microsoft Word
report which we are going to print on a 300 dpi printer. We want the image to be 5
inches wide and 3.75 inches high.
Multiplying the size of the desired image times the printer’s dpi gives 1500 by
1125 pixels.
1 Render to file.
For good print quality, render
this image as a TIFF file. This
will result in a large file but
with excellent definition.
Click Render to File from
the PhotoWorks toolbar.
Set the Look in directory to the
Race Car folder.
Select 8-bit RGBA TIFF for the
Format.
Name the file Race
Car.tif.
Select Fixed aspect ratio.
Select Inches for Image size.
Enter 5.00 for Width.
Enter 3.75 for Height.
Output Options 103

Example #2
Suppose we want to incorporate our rendering into a PowerPoint presentation.
PowerPoint presentations generally use images that are 96 dip. We want the image
to be 5.5 inches wide.
5 - = -----------------------------
5.5
To maintain the same aspect ratio, calculate the correct height: ---------
3.75 NewHeight
Solving, we get 3.75 × 5.5 = 5 × NewHeight or 20.625 = 5 × NewHeight = 4.125
Multiplying the size of the desired image times 96 dpi gives 528 by 396 pixels.
This yields a file size of about 816 KB.
2 Save and close.
Save and Close all open files.
104 Output Options

SolidWorks
Lesson 5
Analysis

Q Modify the Rear Wing of the Race Car Block to increase the mass
Q Apply the Measure tool
Q Apply the Mass Properties tool
Q Apply SolidWorks SimulationXpress™ to the Axle-A part
Q Save the SolidWorks SimulationXpress™ analysis
Q Apply SolidWorks Flow Simulation™ to the initial Race Car Block
assembly
Q Apply SolidWorks Flow Simulation to the final Race Car assembly
Q Compare the results
Q Save the SolidWorks Flow Simulation analysis
Lesson 5: Analysis SolidWorks
Modify the Rear Wing

In Lesson 2, you created the
Race Car assembly. You
applied the Mass Properties tool
and calculated the mass of the
Race Car without paint, decals,
sanding, etc. as 54.98grams.
Increase the size of the rear wing
to increase the total mass of the
Race Car assembly.
Click Open from the Menu bar toolbar.
Browse to the location of the Race Car assembly.
The Race Car assembly is displayed.
106 Modify the Rear Wing

SolidWorks Lesson 5: Analysis
2 Open the Race Car Block Part.

Right-click Race Car Block
from the FeatureManager.
Click Open Part from the
Context toolbar. The Race Car
Block FeatureManager is
displayed.
3 Display the Rear Wind.
Click Hidden Lines Removed
toolbar.
Press the f key to fit the model to
the graphics area.
Drag the Rollback bar below
Boss-Extrude2.
Expand Boss-Extrude2.
Right-click Sketch9.
Click Exit Sketch from the
Context toolbar.
Modify the Rear Wing 107

Zoom in on the rear wing.

4 Modify the Height of the Rear
Wing.
Double-click the 8 text dimension.
Enter 10 in the Modify dialog box.
Click the Rebuild tool.
Click the Green check mark in

the Modify dialog box.
5 Modify the Width of the Rear Wing.
Double-click the 18 text dimension.
Enter 22 in the Modify dialog box.
Click the Green check mark in

the Modify dialog box.
Click OK from the Dimension PropertyManager. View the modified rear

wing dimensions.
Drag the Rollback bar below VarFillet1 in the
FeatureManager as illustrated.
6 Save the model.
Click Isometric view from the Heads-up View toolbar.

7 Return to the Race Car Assembly.
Click File, Close from the Menu bar menu. The Race
Car assembly is displayed.
Click Yes to rebuild.
Calculate the new Mass

You modified the height and width of the rear wing. Compare the original design
to the modified design. Apply the Mass Properties tool. Measure the overall mass
of the Race Car assembly.
108 Calculate the new Mass

1 Apply the Mass Properties tool.

Click the Evaluate tab.
Click the Mass Properties tool from
the Evaluate toolbar. The Mass
Properties dialog box is displayed.
Click the Options button.
Check the Use custom settings box.
Select 4 for Decimal place.
Click OK from the Mass/

Section Property
Options box.
View the new mass of the Race
Car assembly. The new mass is
approximately 55.31grams vs.
54.98.
Click Close from the Mass
Explore design changes to your
Race Car assembly. Make
sure that your final
configuration meets the race
contest requirements.
Apply the Measure tool

Apply the Measure tool to
measure your modifications to
the rear wing. You modified the
rear wing in the Race Car
Block.
Confirm your modified
dimensions.
Apply the Measure tool 109

1 Apply the Measure tool.

Click the Measure tool from the Evaluate
toolbar. The Measure - Race Car dialog box is
displayed.
Right-click Clear Selections in the Selections
box.
Click Top view from the Heads-up View
toolbar.
2 Measure the width of the rear

wing.
Click the front edge of the rear
wing.
Click the back edge of the rear
wing. 22mm is displayed.
3 Measure the height of the rear
wing.
Right-click Clear Selections in
the Selections box.
Click Right view.
Click Hidden Lines Removed
from the Heads-up View toolbar.
Click the bottom edge of the rear
wing.
Click the top point of the rear
wing. View the dimensions.
Close the Measure - Race Car
dialog box.
Click Shaded With Edges
from the Heads-up View toolbar.
Click Isometric view.

4 Save the model.
Click Window, Close All from the Menu bar menu. All models are closed.
110 Apply the Measure tool

Stress Analysis of the Axle

In this section, you will use SolidWorks
SimulationXpress™ to quickly analyze the
Axle-A part which is used in the Race
Car assembly. Performing an analysis is
very quick and easy to do. There are only
six steps required:
1. Set the default units and specify a
folder to save the analysis results.
2. Apply Fixtures.
3. Apply Loads.
4. Apply Material.
5. Run the analysis.
6. Optimize the part - (Optional).
7. View the results.
After performing a first-pass analysis on the Axle-A part and assessing its safety,
you will change the material and rerun the analysis.
Design Analysis
After building your design in SolidWorks, you may need to answer questions like:
Q Will the part break?
Q How will it deform?
Q Can I use less material without affecting performance?
In the absence of analysis tools, expensive prototype-test design cycles take place
to ensure that the product’s performance meets customer expectations. Design
analysis makes it possible to perform design cycles quickly and inexpensively on
computer models instead of testing costly physical prototypes. Even when
manufacturing costs are not important considerations, design analysis provides
significant product quality benefits, enabling engineers to detect design problems
far sooner than the time it takes to build a prototype. Design analysis also
facilitates studies of many design options and aids in developing optimized
designs.
Stress Analysis
Stress analysis or static analysis is the most common design analysis test. It
predicts how the model deforms under loading. It calculates displacements,
strains, and stresses throughout the part based on material, restraints, and loads. A
material fails when the stress reaches a certain level. Different materials fail at
different stress levels. SolidWorks SimulationXpress™ uses linear static analysis,
based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), to calculate stresses.
Stress Analysis of the Axle 111

Linear static analysis makes the following assumptions to calculate stresses in the
part:
Q Linearity Assumption. Means that the induced response is directly
proportional to the applied loads.
Q Elasticity Assumption. Indicates that the part returns to its original shape if
the loads are removed.
Q Static Assumption. Implies that loads are applied slowly and gradually until
they reach their full magnitudes.
User Interface
SolidWorks SimulationXpress guides you through six steps to define material
properties, restraints, loads; to analyze the part; optimize the part; and to view
your results. The SolidWorks SimulationXpress interface consists of the following
components:
Welcome tab: Allows you to set the default units and to specify a folder for
saving the analysis results.
Fixtures tab: Apply fixtures to faces of the part.
Loads tab: Apply forces and pressures to faces of the part.
Material tab: Applies material properties to the part. The material can be assigned
from the material library or you can input the material properties.
Run tab: You can select to analyze with the default settings or change the settings.
Optimize tab: Optimize a model dimension based on a specified criterion.
Results tab: View analysis results in the following ways:
Q Show critical areas where the factor of safety is less than a specified value.
Q Display the stress distribution in the model with or without annotation for the
maximum and minimum stress values.
Q Display resultant displacement distribution in the model with or without
annotation for the maximum and minimum displacement values.
Q Show deformed shape of the model.
Q Generate an HTML report.
Q Generate eDrawings files for the analysis results.
Start Over button: Click this button to delete existing analysis data and results and
start a new analysis session.
112 User Interface

Update button: Runs

SolidWorks SimulationXpress
analysis if the fixtures and
loads are resolved. Otherwise,
it gives a message and you
need to resolve the invalid
fixtures or loads. It also
appears if you change material
properties, fixtures, loads, or
geometry after completing the
analysis.
Analyze the Axle-A Part

Browse to the downloaded
Analysis folder and open the
Axle-A part in this section.
Perform a stress analysis on the
Axle-A part.
The Axle-A part is a re-
named part of Axle that is used
in the Race Car assembly.
Analyze the Axle-A Part 113

Open the Axle-A Part

1 Open the Axle-A part.
Click Open from the
Menu Bar toolbar.
Select the folder in which
you downloaded the Analysis
folder.
Set Files of type: Part.
Double-click Axle-A. The
Axle-A part is displayed in
the graphics area.
2 Change the view orientation.
If the part is not displayed in an Isometric view,
click Isometric view from the Heads-up
View toolbar.
3 Review the material.
Right-click 2024 Alloy in the FeatureManager.
Click Edit Material. The physical material
properties are displayed in the Materials
dialog box.
114 Analyze the Axle-A Part

Note: The 2024 Alloy material properties are used in SimulationXpress.

Click Close from the Materials dialog box.
Analyze the Axle-A Part 115

SolidWorks SimulationXpress
Once the part is open in SolidWorks, you can launch the SolidWorks
SimulationXpress application and start your analysis right away. On the Options
dialog box, you can set the default system of units and the destination folder for
the analysis results.
Systems of Units
The following table lists the quantities used by SimulationXpress and their units
in different systems of units:
SI English (IPS) Metric
Loads Force N (Newton) lb (pound) Kgf

Pressure N/m2 psi (lb/in2) Kgf/cm2
Material Ex: Elastic N/m2 psi (lb/in2) Kgf/cm2
Properties modulus
NUXY: No units No units No units
Poisson’s
ratio
SIGYLD: N/m2 psi (lb/in2) Kgf/cm2
Yield
Strength
DENS: Mass Kg/m3 lb/in3 Kg/cm3
density
Results Equivalent N/m2 psi (lb/in2) Kgf/cm2
Stress
Table 1: Systems of units used in SimulationXpress
116 SolidWorks SimulationXpress

Running SimulationXpress and Setting Analysis

Options
1 Run SolidWorks SimulationXpress.
Click Tools, SimulationXpress from the Menu
Bar menu.
The SolidWorks SimulationXpress application
starts with the Welcome tab selected.
Tip: You can quickly run SimulationXpress by

clicking SimulationXpress Analysis
Wizard from the Evaluate tab in the
CommandManager.
2 Set System units.

Click the Options button from
the Welcome screen.
Set System of units to SI,
(MMGS).
Set the Results location to
the Analysis folder.
Click OK.
Click Next.
SolidWorks SimulationXpress 117

Applying a Fixture
1 Apply a fixture.
The Fixtures tab is activated. The Fixture section
collects information on where the Axle-A part is
fixed. You can specify multiple sets of fixtures. Each
set can have multiple faces.
Click the Add a fixture button. The Fixture
2 Select the fixed faces.

Click the outside right face of
the Axle-A part.
Click the outside left face of the
Axle-A part as illustrated.
Face <1> and Face<2> are
displayed in the Fixed
Geometry box.
Click OK from the

Fixture PropertyManager.
View the updated Study tree.
Note: To add a new fixture set, click the

Add a fixture button.
118 SolidWorks SimulationXpress

Applying a Load
Using the Loads tab, you can
specify the loads acting on
the part. A load can either be
a force or a pressure.
You can apply multiple loads
to a single face or to multiple
faces. The direction of a force
can be specified with respect
to planes or normal to
selected faces. The pressure is
always applied normal to
selected faces.
Applying a Load 119

Applying a Load
1 Apply a load.
Click Next. Collect information on loads acting
on the Axle-A part. You can specify multiple
sets of forces or pressures. Each set can have
multiple faces.
2 Select a load type.
Click Add a force. The Force
3 Select the face to which the

force is applied.
Click the cylindrical face of the
Axle-A part.
Face <1> is displayed.
120 Applying a Load

4 Specify the
direction and
magnitude of the
force.
Click the Selected
direction box.
Click Top Plane
from the fly-out
FeatureManager.
Check the Reverse
direction box. The
force arrows point
downwards.
5 Apply a Force.
Enter 1N.
Click OK from
the Force
PropertyManager.
View the updated
Study tree.
Applying a Load 121

6 Assign material to the part.

Click Next.
The Material tab opens.
122 Applying a Load

Assigning Material
The response of the part depends on the material it is
made of. SimulationXpress must know the elastic
properties of the material of your part. You can pick a
material from the SolidWorks material library or
define your own material properties.
SimulationXpress uses the following material
properties to perform stress analysis.
Elastic Modulus (EX). For a linear elastic material,
the elastic modulus is the stress required to cause a
unit strain in the material. In other words, stress
divided by the associated strain. The modulus of
elasticity was first introduced by Young and is often
called the Young’s Modulus.
Poisson’s Ratio (NUXY). Extension of the material in
the longitudinal direction is accompanied by shrinking
in the lateral directions. For example, if a body is
subjected to a tensile stress in the X-direction, then
Poisson’s Ratio NUXY is defined as the ratio of lateral
strain in the Y-direction divided by the longitudinal
strain in the X-direction. Poisson’s ratios are dimensionless quantities. If not
defined, the program assumes a default value of 0.
Yield Strength (SIGYLD). SimulationXpress uses this material property to
calculate the factor of safety distribution. SimulationXpress assumes that the
material starts yielding when the equivalent (von Mises) stress reaches this value.
Mass Density (DENS). The density is mass per unit volume. Density units are lb/
in3 in the English system, and kg/m3 in the SI system. SimulationXpress uses the
mass density to include mass properties of the part in the report file.
Assigning Material 123

Assigning Material
1 Assign Material to the part.
Click Choose Material. The Material dialog box is
displayed.
Select 2024 Alloy.
Click Apply.
Click Close. View the updated Study tree. A green
check mark indicates that material is applied to the part.
2 Run the analysis.
Click Next. The Run tab is displayed.
124 Assigning Material

Running the Analysis

The Analyze tab allows you to run the analysis.
SimulationXpress prepares the model for analysis
and then calculates displacements, strains, and
stresses.
The first phase in the analysis is meshing. Meshing
is basically splitting the geometry into small,
simple-shaped pieces called finite elements.
Design analysis uses finite elements to calculate the
model’s response to the applied loads and
restraints. SimulationXpress estimates a default
element size for the model based on its volume,
surface area, and other geometric details. You can
instruct SimulationXpress to use the default
element size or you can use a different element
size.
After meshing the model successfully, the
second phase starts automatically.
SimulationXpress formulates the equations
governing the behavior of each element
taking into consideration its connectivity to
other elements. These equations relate the
displacements to known material
properties, restraints, and loads. The
program then organizes the equations into a
large set of simultaneous algebraic
equations. The solver finds the
displacements in the X, Y, and Z directions
at each node.
Using the displacements, the program calculates the strains in various directions.
Finally, the program uses mathematical expressions to calculate stresses.
Running the Analysis 125


1 Use the default settings.
Click Run Simulation. View the
results and the updated Study tree.
The analysis starts. When the analysis
is complete, a check mark is displayed
on the Run and Results tab. View the
animation of the part in the graphics
area.
2 Stop the animation.
Click Stop animation.
126 Running the Analysis

Viewing Results
Viewing results is an essential step in the
analysis process. This is the step in which you
evaluate how good your design is at
withstanding the specified working conditions.
This step should lead you to make important
decisions about whether to accept the design and
move to prototyping, make further
improvements on the design, or try additional
sets of loads and fixtures.
SimulationXpress uses the maximum von Mises
stress criterion to calculate the factors of safety.
This criterion states that a ductile material starts
to yield when the equivalent stress (von Mises
stress) reaches the yield strength of the material.
The yield strength (SIGYLD) is defined as a
material property. SimulationXpress calculates
the factor of safety (FOS) at a point by dividing
the yield strength by the equivalent stress at that
point.
Interpretation of factor of safety values:

Q A factor of safety less than 1.0 at a location
indicates that the material at that location
has yielded and that the design is not safe.
Q A factor of safety of 1.0 at a location
indicates that the material at that location
has just started to yield.
Q A factor of safety greater than 1.0 at a
location indicates that the material at that
location has not yielded.
Q The material at a location will start to yield
if you apply new loads equal to the current
loads multiplied by the resulting factor of
safety.
Viewing Results 127

Viewing the Results

1 View the results.
Double-click the
Stress
(vonMises-)
Results folder. View
the results.
Double-click the
Displacement(Res
disp-) Results
folder. View the results.
Double-click the
Deformation (-
Displacement-)
the results.
Double-click the
Factor of Safety
the results in the graphs
area. The Axle-A part
is displayed in blue.
Blue is displayed were
the FOS is greater than
1.
Click Yes continue.
128 Viewing Results

The factor of safety of the Axle-A part is

approximately 54.14. This indicated that the
current design is safe or over-designed. Note:
Your number may slightly be different.
2 Modify the factor of safety.
Enter 10 in the Show where factor of
safety (FOS)is below box.
Click the Show where factor of safety
(FOS)is below box.
The following plot is

displayed. Regions in blue
have factors of safety greater
than 10 (over-designed
regions).
Regions in red have factors
of safety less than 10. All
areas are displayed in blue.
Click Done viewing
results.
Viewing Results 129

Running a Report
SolidWorks SimulationXpress provides the ability
save a report of your results. This ensures the
information is well documented for future work on
this or similar projects.
Choose between these two report methods:
Q HTML Report
Q eDrawing File
1 Do not run a report as this time.

Click Next.
Note: As an exercise, create a report.
130 Running a Report

Optimizing the Model

SolidWorks SimulationXpress tries to find the
optimal value for one model dimension while
satisfying a specified criterion:
Q Factor of Safety
Q Maximum Stress
Q Maximum displacement
You can either input your desired Factor of Safety or

allow SimulationXpress to calculate Factor of Safety
based on Min and Max dimension limits.
Optimizing the Model 131

Optimizing the Model

1 Optimize the model.
Accept the default value. Click
Next.
Click the 3mm diameter
dimension as illustrated in the
graphic area.
Click OK from the Add
Parameters dialog box
Accept the dimension range: Min:
1.5mm - Max: 4.5mm. Click Next.
Do not Edit a dimension at this
time. Click Next.
132 Optimizing the Model

Specify a constraint for the

optimization design study.
Specify the minimum Factor
of Safety. Click Specify the
constraint.
Select Factor of Safety from
the Constraint drop-down
menu. View the results.
Click Next.
Enter 10 in the Min: column
as illustrated.
Click Next.
Click Run the optimization.
Optimizing the Model 133

View the results.

Note: As an exercise, click the Run
tab, and re-run the analysis
using the new values.
2 Close all models.
Click Window, Close All
from the Menu bar menu. You
are finished with this section.
134 Optimizing the Model

SolidWorks Flow Simulation

During this lesson, you will use SolidWorks Flow Simulation to analyze the
aerodynamics of the initial Race Car Block assembly and the final Race Car
assembly. Think of SolidWorks Flow Simulation as a virtual wind tunnel in this
section.
Note: The initial Race Car Block assembly configuration was created for you to save
time and is located in the Flow Simulation folder which you downloaded.
What is SolidWorks Flow Simulation?

SolidWorks Flow Simulation is the only fluid flow analysis tool for designers that
is fully embedded inside SolidWorks. With this software you can analyze the solid
model directly. You can also easily set up units, fluid type and fluid substances
and more by using the wizard.
There are several steps to the analysis:
1. Create a design in SolidWorks.
SolidWorks Flow Simulation can analyze parts, assemblies, sub-assemblies
and multi-bodies.
2. Create a project file in SolidWorks Flow Simulation.
SolidWorks Flow Simulation projects will contain all the settings and results
of a problem and each project that is associated with a SolidWorks
configuration.
3. Run the analysis. This is sometimes called solving.
4. View the SolidWorks Flow Simulation results which include:
Results Plots:
- Vectors, Contours, and Isolines
- Cut Plots, Surface, Flow Trajectories, and Isosurfaces
Processed Results:
- XY Plots (Microsoft Excel)
- Goals (Microsoft Excel)
- Surface Parameters
- Point Parameters
- Reports (Microsoft Word)
- Reference Fluid Temperatures
Fluid Flow Analysis

Fluid flow analysis is used to dynamically study the action of liquids such as
water and oil, or gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, air, etc. The simulation of a
weather report, tsunami information or auto traffic are phenomena of fluid flow
analysis.
SolidWorks Flow Simulation 135

The benefits of fluid flow analysis are energy conservation and heat transfer.
Energy Conservation: The overall stress load of an engine can be lessened
by analyzing its structure and weight, while a fluid flow analysis can gather
combustion efficiency data to improve the power output.
Heat Transfer: Refers to the physics of the exchange of energy in the form of
temperature. For example, in a nuclear reactor, the radioactive degradation does
not directly produce electrical energy. It is the heat energy which is transmitted
into water to produce steam which drives the turbines to produce electricity.
Fluid flow analysis is used in many fields of the manufacturing industry:
Q Aerodynamic design and machine
Fans and power generating windmills
Q Cooling and heating
Predicting the potency of a temperature transfer
Q Fluid centered machines
Pumps, compressors, and valves
Q Electrical devices
Personal computers and exothermic measurements of precise electrical
devices
Q Transport machinery
Cars, ships, and airplanes (engines are another)
Why Do Design Analysis?

After building your design in SolidWorks, you may need to answer questions like:
Q Will the part run quickly?
Q How will it handle air resistance?
Q Can I use less material without affecting performance?
In the absence of analysis tools, expensive prototype-test design cycles take place
to ensure that the product’s performance meets customer expectations. Design
analysis makes it possible to perform design cycles quickly and inexpensively on
computer models instead. Even when manufacturing costs are not important
considerations, design analysis provides significant product quality benefits,
enabling engineers to detect design problems far sooner than the time it takes to
build a prototype. Design analysis also facilitates the study of many design
options and aids in developing optimized designs. Quick and inexpensive analysis
often reveals non-intuitive solutions and benefits engineers by allowing them to
better understand the product’s behavior.
136 SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Check Before Using SolidWorks Simulation Flow

Make sure SolidWorks Flow Simulation
software is installed.
Click Tools, Add-ins… from the Menu bar
menu.
Check the SolidWorks Flow Simulation
2010 box.
Click OK from the Add-Ins dialog box.
Note: The Flow Simulation tab is display in the
CommandManager with an active document.
Tip: Select tools from the Flow Simulation
CommandManager.

Let’s Analyze the Initial Race Car Block

1 Open the Race Car assembly from the
Flow Simulation folder.
Click Open from the Menu bar toolbar.
Browse to the Flow Simulation
folder.
2 Double-click Race Car. The Race Car
assembly (Initial Block) configuration is
displayed in the graphics area. The Race
Car (Initial Block) assembly
configuration was created for you to save
time.

Create a Simulation Flow Project

3 Click the Flow Simulation tab from the
CommandManager.
Click Wizard from the Flow Simulation
CommandManager. The Wizard dialog
box is displayed. View your options.
4 Configure a project name.
Click the Create new box.
Accept the Configuration name:
Initial Block (1).
Click Next>.

Note: All required analysis data for

this project is saved in this
SolidWorks model
configuration.
5 Set the Unit System.
Click SI (m-kg-s) in the
Unit system box.
Click inside the Velocity/
Units box.
Select Mile/hour.
Scroll down to view the

Loads&Motion option.
Expand the Loads&Motion
folder.
Click inside the Force/Units
box.
Select Grams force.
Click Next>.
Gram-force
Gram-force is a unit of force,
approximately equal to the
weight of 1-gram mass on
earth. However, the local
gravitational acceleration g
varies with latitude, altitude,
and location on the planet. So
to be precise, one gram-force is
the force that a 1-gram mass
exerts at a place where the
acceleration due to gravity is
9.80665 meters per second per
second.

6 Set Analysis Type and Physical Features.

Click External as the Analysis type.
Check the Exclude cavities without flow conditions box.
Check the Exclude internal space box.
Select Z for Reference axis.
Note: The Reference axis is chosen so that an angular velocity vector can be aligned
with the Reference axis.
Note: An internal analysis examines enclosed flow pathways while an external analysis
examines open flow paths. You would use an internal analysis for something like
an exhaust manifold for an automobile engine.
Click Next>.

7 Set Default Fluid.

Expand the Gases folder.
Click Air.
Click the Add button.
Tip: You can also double-click Air, or drag and drop it from one list to the other.
Note: SolidWorks Flow Simulation has a database library of several liquids and gases
which is called the Engineering Database. With this database you can create your
own materials.
SolidWorks Flow Simulation can analyze either incompressible liquids or
compressible gases but not both during the same run. You can also specify other
advanced physical features which the program should take into account.
Click Next>.

8 Set Wall Conditions.

Accept the default values:
Adiabatic wall and
Roughness = 0 micrometer.
Click Next>.
9 Set Initial and Ambient
Conditions.
Double-click inside the
Velocity in Z direction Value
box.
Enter -55 mile/h.

Approximately -24.58 m/s.
Note: The minus sign is important!
It indicates that the air is
flowing towards the car.
In the real world, the car

would be moving through
stationary air. In a wind
tunnel, the car is stationary
and the air is moving. You
can think of this Flow
Simulation example as a
virtual wind tunnel. The car is
stationary and the air is
moving.
Click Next>.

10 Set Results and Geometry Resolution.

Set the Result resolution to 4. This will yield acceptably accurate results in a
reasonable amount of time.
Click the Finish button.

11 View the model in the Graphics
area.
Zoom out to view the
Computational Domain in
the graphics area.

Computational Domain
calculations are performed inside a
volume called the Computational
Domain. The boundaries of this
volume are parallel to the global
coordinate system planes. For
external flows, the size of the
Computational Domain is
automatically calculated based on
the size of the model.
In the illustration at the right, the
black box represents the
Computational Domain.
Modifying the Computational Domain

Why modify the Computational Domain:
Q Size
We are going to reduce the size of the
Computational Domain in order to reduce solving
time, at the expense of accuracy. A smaller domain
means there are fewer fluid cells to calculate. Using
the default sizes for the domain could result in
solving times in excess of 1 hour even on a
moderately fast computer. Such solving times are
not practical in a school environment.
1 Display the Flow Simulation analysis tree.
Click the Flow Simulation analysis tree tab.
Expand the Input Data folder.

2 Set the Computational

Domain size.
Right-click the
Computational Domain
folder.
Click Edit Definition.
Input the following values on
the Size tab:
Q X min = - 0.16 m
Q X max = 0.16 m
Q Y min = - 0.15 m
Q Y max = 0.15 m
Q Z min = - 0.21 m
Q Z max = 0.31 m
Click OK.
3 Results.
The resulting Computational
Domain is displayed in the
graphics area.
Setting Goals
You can specify the following four
engineering goals:
Q Global Goal
A physical parameter
calculated within the entire
Computational Domain.
Q Surface Goal
A physical parameter
calculated on a user-specified face of the model.
Q Volume Goal
A physical parameter calculated within a user-specified space inside the
Computational Domain, either in the fluid or solid.
Q Equation Goal
A goal defined by an equation with the specified goals or parameters of the
specified project’s input data features as variables.

4 Insert Global Goals.

Right-click the Goals folder.
Click Insert Global Goals. The Global Goals
Tip: Drag the boundary of the PropertyManager window to
the right to make it wider. This makes it easier to read
the parameter names.
5 Set the goal for drag.

Scroll down to view Z - Component
of Force under the Parameters
column.
Check the Max (Maximum) box.
Click OK from the Global

Goals PropertyManager. View the
update in the FeatureManager.
6 Insert a second Global Goal.
Right-click the Goals folder.
Click Insert Global Goals in the
Flow Simulation analysis tree.

7 Set the Goal for lift.

Scroll down to view Y - Component of
Force under the Parameters
column.
Check the Max (Maximum) box.
Click OK from the Global

Goals PropertyManager. View the
update in the FeatureManager.
8 Rename the goals.

Two goal icons are displayed in the Flow Simulation
analysis tree.
Rename the GGZ - Component of Force 1 to Drag.
Rename the GGY - Component of Force 1 to Lift.


1 Run the analysis.
Click Run from the Flow
Simulation
CommandManager. The Run
dialog box is displayed. View
the options.
Click the Run button.
2 Solver information.
The Solver dialog box is
displayed. On the left of the
window is a log of each step
taken in the solution process.
On the right is an information
window with mesh
information and any warnings
concerning the analysis.
Note: The analysis can take up to 25
minutes.
3 Pause the calculation.
After about 60 interrelations,
click the Suspend button
on the Solver toolbar. This
suspends the calculations so
you can explore some of the
different types of previews.
4 Preview the Velocity.

Click the Insert Preview
tool on the Solver toolbar.
The Preview Settings
dialog box is displayed.
Select Right Plane for
Plane name.
Select Contours for Mode.

Click the Settings tab from the

Preview Settings dialog
box.
Select Velocity for
Parameter. View your
options.
Click OK.
5 View the Preview

box.
The Plot preview is
displayed in its
own window.
View the results.
Note: The scale may vary
slightly.
Close the Preview
window.
6 Preview the
Pressure.
Click the Insert Preview tool
on the Solver toolbar. The
Preview Settings dialog
box is displayed.
Select Right Plane for Plane
name.
Select Contours for Mode.
Click the Settings tab.
Select Pressure for Parameter.
Click OK.
View the results.
Close the Preview window.

7 Resume the
Calculation.
Close the
Preview
window.
Click the
Suspend
button on the
Solver
toolbar.
8 Completion.
The status bar at
the bottom of
the window
indicates when
the Solver is
finished.

9 Close the Solver vindow.

Click File, Close from the
Solver dialog box.
10 Hide the Computational

Domain.
Right-click the Computational
Domain folder.
Click Hide.
11 Save the document.
Click Save from the Menu
bar toolbar.

Viewing the Results

Once the calculation finishes, you can view the saved
calculation results through numerous Flow Simulation
options in a customized manner directly within the
graphics area. The results options are:
Q Cut Plots (section view of parameter
distribution)
Q Section Plots (generates contours of the results
on the specified sections)
Q Flow Trajectories (streamlines and particle
trajectories)
Q Goal Plot (behavior of the specified goals during
the calculation)
Q XY Plots (parameter change along a curve, sketch)
Q Surface Parameters (getting parameters at
specified surfaces)
Q Point Parameters (getting parameters at
specified points)
Q Report (project report output into Microsoft
Word)
Q Animation of results
We will view Section plots, Surface plots and
Flow trajectories next.
Viewing the Results 153

Accessing the Results

1 If needed, load the results.
Right-click the Results folder in the
Flow Simulation analysis tree.
Click Load Results. The Load
Results dialog box is displayed.
Note: If Unload Results is displayed, the
results have already been loaded.
Double-click 1.fld.
2 Change the View

settings.
Right-click the
Results folder.
Click View Settings.
Click the Contours
tab.
Select Pressure from
the drop-down menu
for Parameter
Settings.
Enter 100900 for Min.
Enter 101700 for Max.
Click the Apply button.
Click OK from the View Settings dialog box.
Note: The reason we do not use the default values is because if we make a design change
to the car and re-run the analysis, the minimum and maximum pressure values
will be different. That means red would represent one pressure on one plot and a
different pressure on a different plot. Using the same minimum and maximum
settings for each analysis allows for meaningful comparisons between different
iterations of the design.
154 Viewing the Results

3 Create a Section Plot.

Right-click the Cut Plots folder.
Click Insert. The Cut Plot
PropertyManager is displayed. Front
Plane is selected by default.
Expand Race Car from the fly-out
FeatureManager. View the features.
Click Right Plane from the fly-out
FeatureManager. Right Plane is
displayed in the Selection Plane
or Planer Face box.
Click the View Settings button in the
Cut Plot PropertyManager. The
View Settings dialog box is
displayed.
Click the Contours tab.

Select Velocity from the drop-
down menu for the
Parameter Settings.
Click OK from the View
Settings dialog box.
4 View the Section Plot.
Click OK from the Cut
Plot PropertyManager. View
the plot in the graphics area.
Note: You may need to click the
Hide FeatureManager Tree
Area tab to view the total plot.

5 View the results.

Heads-up View toolbar. View the
results.
Note: Click the FeatureManager tree tab
if needed to view the Velocity scale
in the graphics area.
Note: View the high velocity areas around
the model in red and orange.

6 Create a second Cut Plot.

Click Insert. Front Plane is selected by default.
7 Change the Selected Plane.

Expand the Race Car assembly from the fly-out
FeatureManager.
Click Right Plane from the fly-out FeatureManager.
Right Plane is displayed in the Selection Plane or
Planer Face box.
Click the View Settings button.
Click the Contours

tab.
8 View the Settings.
Select Pressure from
the drop-down menu
for Parameter
Settings.
View the Min 100900
value.
View the Max
101700 value.

Click OK from the View Settings dialog box.
Click OK from the Cut Plot PropertyManager. Cut

Plot 2 is displayed in the Flow Simulation analysis tree.
Note: If needed, click the FeatureManager tree tab as

illustrated to view the full graphics area.
9 View the second Plot.
View the plot.

10 Hide the Section Plots.

Click Hide All. View the model in the
graphics area.
11 Display an Isometric view.
Click Isometric from the Hands-on
View toolbar.

Flow Trajectories
Flow trajectories are
displayed as flow
streamlines. Flow
streamlines are curves
where the flow velocity
vector is tangent to that
curve at any point on the
curve.
Tip: They are analogous to the
streamers of smoke in a
wind tunnel.
1 Inserting a flow
trajectory.
Click the Flow
Trajectories tool from
the Flow Simulation
CommandManager. The
Reference option is active.
Right-click Clear
Selections in the
Selection box.
Click the ten flat surfaces
of the Race Car Block.
Click the face of the four
Wheels.
Enter 50 for the Number
of trajectories.

Select Line with Arrow from the Draw

trajectories drop-down menu.
Click OK from the Flow Trajectories

PropertyManager.
2 View the flow trajectory.
This type of display helps visualize how the air flows
around the car.
Rotate the model in the graphics area to view the
turbulence around the front wheels and behind the block.
Note: Click the Flow Trajectories tool in the Simulation

toolbar to insert a new trajectory.

Experiment With Other Flow Trajectories

There are two ways to experiment with flow trajectories:
Q Edit the definition of the existing plot
Q Insert a new plot
If you create multiple flow trajectories, you can display
them one at a time or you can display several at the
same time.
We will create some other flow trajectories.
4 Hide the flow trajectory.
Right-click Flow Trajectories 1.
Click Hide.
5 Insert a new Flow Trajectory plot.
Right-click the Flow Trajectories folder.
Click Insert.
Right-click Clear Selections.
Click Right Plane from the fly-out FeatureManager.
Enter 200 for the Number of trajectories.
Select Lines from the Draw trajectories drop-down
menu.

PropertyManager.
6 Display the Right view.

Note: Notice the turbulence in front and behind the

body of the block.
1 Insert another new Flow Trajectory plot.
Right-click Flow Trajectories 2.
Click Hide.
Right-click the Flow Trajectories
folder.
Click Insert.
Right-click Clear Selections.
Click Isometric view from the Heads-up

View toolbar.
Click the front face of the Race Car.

Enter 50 for the Number of trajectories.

Select Lines from the Draw trajectories drop-down
menu.

PropertyManager.
Tip: The lower number of trajectory lines makes it easier to see
if there is significant turbulence surrounding the model.

The flow trajectories reveal several conditions:

Q The red color of the trajectories on the front body of the Race Car assembly
indicates an area of high pressure. This pressure will effect the speed of the
Race Car.
Q The flow trajectories behind the wheels are fairly smooth indicating a lack of
turbulence.
2 Hide all Flow Trajectories.
Click Hide All.
Quantitative Results
The preceding examples of
Surface plots and Flow
trajectories are excellent
tools for visualizing how air
flows around a body.
However, they are more
qualitative than quantitative.
Let’s move on to a more
quantitative interpretation of
results.
Note: Microsoft® Excel is needed
for the next section.
1 Create a Goals plot.
Click the Goals tool
from the Flow
Simulation tab. The
Goals dialog box is displayed.
Click the Add All button.
Click OK.
2 Excel spreadsheet.
Microsoft® Excel is launched and a spreadsheet opens. Pay particular attention to
the first three columns. They show the name of the goal, the units (gram-force, in
this case) and the value.

Note: Numbers may vary slightly.

3 Save and close the assembly.
Click File, Save. Accept the default name.
Click Save.
Close the Excel spreadsheet.
Units, Values, and Interpreting the Results

As we discussed, gram-force is a unit of force approximately equal to the weight
of a 1-gram mass on Earth. The drag on the car is a force. Grams are a unit of
mass. So it is not accurate to say the drag is approximately -150.11 grams.
The correct way to state the results is to say we have a drag force of approximately
150.11 grams-force and a downward lift force of approximately 9.08 grams-force.

Changing the Design

Based on the analysis of the Race Car (Initial Block)
assembly configuration using SolidWorks Flow
Simulation, we conclude that the shape of the body can
be greatly improved.
The easiest way to redo an analysis is to clone the
SolidWorks Flow Simulation project we created for the
Initial Block design. This way we don’t have to repeat
the work of adding the goals and defining the
Computational Domain, but we can not reuse plots
were new features were created on the final Default
Race Car configuration.
To save time, the Final Default configuration for this section is provided.
Configurations allow you to represent more than one version of the part within a
single SolidWorks file. For example, by suppressing the features and changing the
dimension values of the model, the design can be altered easily without creating
another new model.
Tip: An configuration may be changed to dimension of the different value. Both parts
and assemblies can support configuration adjustments.
Note: Some of the Referenced faces of the car body don’t exist in the Final Default
configuration. They were eliminated when the cut features and fillets were applied
to the body. Therefore, we must redefine the reference before we can display any
plots. The Axle part was also modified in the Initial Block configuration to fix the
assembly.
4 Clone the Project.
Right-click the Initial Block (1)
configuration in the Flow Simulation
analysis tree.
Click Clone Project.
Click Add to existing.
Select Default for Existing configuration.
Check the Copy results box.
Click OK. The system will ask you if you
want to reset the Computational Domain.
Click No.
Changing the Design 167

Note: To make it easier to do meaningful comparisons between the two sets of results,
we want to use the same size Computational Domain. Also, resetting the domain
would require us to redefine the symmetry conditions. That would be extra work.
5 Reset Mesh settings.
Do you want to reset mesh settings? Click Yes.
6 Run the solver.
Click Run from the Flow Simulation
CommandManager toolbar.
Click Run from the Run dialog box.

This can take 10 - 15 minutes.
7 Completion.
The status bar at the bottom of the
window indicates when the Solver is
finished.
Close the Solver dialog box.
168 Changing the Design

Examine the Results

1 Load the results.
Click the Flow Simulation analysis tree tab.
Examine the results for the Default configuration.
The Default configuration is the final configuration
of the Race Car assembly.
1 Create a Flow Trajectory plot.

Click Insert.

toolbar.
If needed, right-click Clear Selections.
Examine the Results 169

Click the front face of the Race

Car.
Enter 50 for the Number of

trajectories.
Select Lines from the Draw trajectories
drop-down menu.

PropertyManager.
Below are the two Flow Trajectory plots Race
Car (Initial Block) vs. the final Default Race
Car configuration. View the pressure areas.
170 Examine the Results


2 Modify the Flow Trajectory

Plot.
Place your mouse pointer over
Pressure (Pa) in the Graphics
area as illustrated.
Click Pressure (Pa). View the
drop-down menu.
Click Velocity.
Click the green check mark.
View the new Flow Trajectory
Plot.
3 Hide all Flow Trajectories.

Click Hide All.

Quantitative Results
Note: Microsoft® Excel is needed
for the next section.
1 Create a Goals plot.
Click the Goals tool
from the Flow
Simulation tab. The
Goals dialog box is
displayed.
Click the Add All button.
Click OK.
2 Excel spreadsheet.
Microsoft® Excel is
launched and a spreadsheet
opens. Pay particular
attention to the first three
columns. They show the
name of the goal, the units (gram-force, in this case) and the value.

Note: Numbers may vary slightly.

The drag value for the new design is 64.03 grams-force. The drag value of the
original block was 150.11 grams-force.
Percentage Improvement
To find the percentage of improvement use this formula:
⎛ InitialValue – FinalValue⎞
-------------------------------------------------------------------- × 100 = PercentageChange
⎝ InitialValue ⎠
For simplicity we will round to 2 decimal places. Substituting we get:

The changes yielded about a 57.34% improvement in drag!
What About Lift?

It is interesting to note that the Initial Block design had a upward lift force of
approximately 9.02 grams-force. The modified design has an downward lift force
of about 26.29 grams-force. This is the effects of the Front Wing to keep the font
end of the car down at high speeds.
3 Save and close Excel.
Click Save.
Close the Excel spreadsheet.

5 Close all models and dialog boxes.

Click File, Close.
More to Explore
Using what you have learned, explore some additional design modifications. Or,
better yet, start developing your own car body design. Using SolidWorks Flow
Simulation as a virtual wind tunnel, you can experiment with many different ideas
and approaches before you ever commit to cutting wood.
Browse the Internet for ideas about designing your car. One excellent source is:
http://www.science-of-speed.com
Click on Showroom.
With SolidWorks and SolidWorks Flow Simulation together you can easily
explore many design variations. Have fun!
More to Explore 175


During this short session on using SolidWorks Flow Simulation, you have had a
brief exposure to the main concepts of fluid-flow simulation. SolidWorks Flow
Simulation gives you insight into parts and assemblies related to fluid flow, heat
transfer, and forces on immersed or surrounded solids.
The only fluid-flow simulation product fully integrated with SolidWorks,
SolidWorks Flow Simulation is incredibly easy to use; you simply tell the
software what you’re interested in instead of having to translate analysis design
goals into numerical criteria and iteration numbers.
Access physical fluid models for engineering applications. SolidWorks Flow
Simulation can analyze a wide range of real fluids such as air, water, juice, ice
cream, honey, plastic melts, toothpaste, and blood, which makes it ideal for
engineers in nearly every industry.
Simulate real-world operating conditions. SolidWorks Flow Simulation
includes several types of boundary conditions to represent real-life situations.
Automate fluid-flow tasks. SolidWorks Flow Simulation utilizes a number of
automation tools to simplify the analysis process and help you to work more
efficiently.
Interpret results with powerful and intuitive visualization tools. Once you
have completed your analysis, SolidWorks Flow Simulation offers a variety of
results visualization tools that allow you to gain valuable insight into the
performance of your model.
Collaborate and share analysis results. SolidWorks Flow Simulation makes it
easy to collaborate and share analysis results effectively with everyone involved
in the product development process.
176 More to Explore

More to Explore 177

178 More to Explore

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F1 in SchoolsTM Design Project

For Type-R Cars

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Document Number: PME1018-ENG

Designing the Race Car ....................................................................................11

Create an Assembly Drawing ...........................................................................65

When you complete this lesson, you will be able to:

Using This Book

What is SolidWorks Software?

2 Using This Book

Conventions Used in This Book

Before You Begin

2 Copy the Race Car Design Project folder.

4 Conventions Used in This Book

Expand the SolidWorks

Before You Begin 5

Tip: Ask your teacher where you should save

Click Extract All.

6 Before You Begin

View the results.

Before You Begin 7

Add a Folder to the Design

8 Add a Folder to the Design Library Path

Add a Folder to the Design Library Path 9

10 Add a Folder to the Design Library Path

When you complete this lesson, you will be able to:

12 Important Design Considerations

Start SolidWorks and open an existing part

3 Open the Race Car Block.

14 Start SolidWorks and open an existing part

4 Review the created features and

Start SolidWorks and open an existing part 15

Double-click the Axle Hole Cut Out

16 Start SolidWorks and open an existing part

Drag the rollback bar downwards to a position below

Extruded Cut Feature

Extruded Cut Feature 17

Click the two surfaces as illustrated in the graphic area. Sketch5-

Click OK from the Cut-Extrude PropertyManager.

Note: Pin the

18 Extruded Cut Feature

2 Save the model.

3 Create the second Extruded Cut

Extruded Cut Feature 19

Press the z key to Zoom out. Press the Z

Click OK from the Cut-Extrude

Click Save from the Menu bar

20 Extruded Cut Feature

4 Create the third Extruded Cut Feature.

Note: Sketch7 is the sketch

Extruded Cut Feature 21

Click the Features tab from the

22 Extruded Cut Feature

Click Isometric view

Click OK from the

Extruded Cut Feature 23