When two waves from coherent sources overlap, interference occurs. There are two types of interference:
- Constructive interference occurs when crests and troughs overlap to produce a bigger amplitude.
- Destructive interference occurs when crests meet troughs to produce a minimum amplitude.
The document then provides examples of interference patterns produced by water waves, sound waves, and light waves. It explains how varying experimental parameters like distance between sources and wavelength can change the interference patterns observed.
When two waves from coherent sources overlap, interference occurs. There are two types of interference:
- Constructive interference occurs when crests and troughs overlap to produce a bigger amplitude.
- Destructive interference occurs when crests meet troughs to produce a minimum amplitude.
The document then provides examples of interference patterns produced by water waves, sound waves, and light waves. It explains how varying experimental parameters like distance between sources and wavelength can change the interference patterns observed.
When two waves from coherent sources overlap, interference occurs. There are two types of interference:
- Constructive interference occurs when crests and troughs overlap to produce a bigger amplitude.
- Destructive interference occurs when crests meet troughs to produce a minimum amplitude.
The document then provides examples of interference patterns produced by water waves, sound waves, and light waves. It explains how varying experimental parameters like distance between sources and wavelength can change the interference patterns observed.
When two waves from coherent sources overlap, interference occurs. There are two types of interference:
- Constructive interference occurs when crests and troughs overlap to produce a bigger amplitude.
- Destructive interference occurs when crests meet troughs to produce a minimum amplitude.
The document then provides examples of interference patterns produced by water waves, sound waves, and light waves. It explains how varying experimental parameters like distance between sources and wavelength can change the interference patterns observed.
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INTERFERENCE OF WAVE / Inteferens gelombang
Superposition/overlapping of two waves originating from
two coherent sources. Superposisi gelombang dari dua sumber yang koheren The waves from coherent sources have the same frequency (f), same wavelength, same phase or constant phase difference. Gelombang dari sumber yang koheren mempunyai frekuensi yang sama, jarak gelombang yang sama, sama fasa atau perbezaan fasa yang tetap. The principle of superposition states that when two waves overlap, the resultant displacement is equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual wave. Prinsip superposisi menyatakan bahawa apabila dua gelombang bertemu jumlah sesaran adalah sama dengan hasil tambah sesaran gelombang individu. Constructive Interference: occurs when crest meet crest or through meet trough and produce a bigger amplitude. Inteferens membina berlaku bila puncak bertemu puncak atau lembangan bertemu lembangan dan menghasilkan amplitude yang lebih besar
Analysing Interference pattern of water waves
Mengkaji corak inteferens gelombang air
antinode node antinode
a node
Destructive Interference : occurs when crest meet
trough and produce a minimum amplitude. Inteferens membinasa berlaku bila puncak bertemu atau lembangan menghasilkan amplitude yang lebih kecil.
Interference of water waves / Inteferens gelombang air
To produce the interference pattern of the water waves in a ripple tank we can use: Two dippers operated from the same motor, or A plane water waves passing through two slits. Untuk menghasilkan corak inteferns gelombang air menggunakan tangki riak kita boleh menggunakan: Dua pencelup sfera yang disambungkan pada motor yang sama atau Gelombang satah yang melalui dua celah
antinode
= wavelength / jarak gelombang
a= distance between two coherent sources jarak antara dua sumber koheren x = distance between two consecutive antinode and node jarak antara dua antinod atau dua nod berturutan D = perpendicular distance between a and x jarak seranjang antara a dan x How to change the pattern of interference of waves? Bagaimana mengubah corak inteferens gelombang? The pattern of interference depends on the distances between two consecutive nodes or antinode lines x. How to change x?
Corak inteferens bergantung kepada jarak antara dua
antinod atau dua nod yang berturutan, x. Bagaimana mengubah x? From the formula / dari formula, = a x D Hence/maka, x = D a increases / meningkat , x increases / menngkat D increases / meningkat , x increases / meningkat a increases / meningkat , x decreases / berkurang
(i) In the box above, complete the diagram to show the
interference of waves at point O . [1 mark] (ii) Name the type of interference occurs in (b)(i). .......................................................................[1 mark] (iii) State what will happen to the motion of the cork at point O.
.......................................................................[1 mark] (b) (i) A ripple tank is set up with two identical dippers in contact with the surface of the water. The distance between the two dippers 5.0 cm. When the switch is on interference occurs. The distance between two consecutive antinodes is 3.0cm. The distance between the antinode points and the dippers is 10.0 cm. Calculate the wavelength of the water waves produced.
As a increases, x decreases [2 marks] (ii) The distance between two sources is increased to 8.0 cm. What will happen to the distance between two consecutive antinodes? ......................................................................[1 mark] Interference of sound waves / Inteferens Bunyi As increases, x increases Example 1 Diagram 4 shows two identical water wave pulses moving towards each other. Wave interference occurs when the two waves meet at point O while propagating along the same medium. When two similar loudspeakers are connected to the same audio-frequency generator interference effects is produce. Interference of sound waves produces regions of louder sound by constructive interference and regions quiet by destructive interference. Bila dua pembesar suara yang serupa disambungkan kepada penjana audio, kesan inteferens dihasilkan. Inteferens gelombang bunyi menghasilkan kawasan bunyi kuat disebabkan inteferens membina dan kawasan bunyi lemah disebabkan inteferens membinasa. (a) What is meant by interference?
Example 2 Figure 4 shows two loudspeaker A and B are connected to a audio signal generator at a spacious area. Each loudspeaker produce a sound wave of frequency 2 200 Hz. In the experiment, a student walks along the straight line MZ. He hears alternate loud and soft sound. At point P, R and T the
students heard the louder sound, whereas at point Q and S
the softer sound was heard.
a) State the phenomenon which causes the changes in
loudness of sound. .. b) What happened to the sound waves from the two loud speakers which met at
interference effects can be seen as the bright and dark
fringes. The bright fringes are formed by constructive interference and the dark fringes are formed by destructive interference. Inteferens cahaya boleh ditunjukkan dengan menggunakan eksprimen dwicelah Young menggunakan cahaya monokromatik. Cahaya monokromatik merupakan cahaya satu warna atau satu jarak gelombang. Bila cahaya dari sumber yang sama melalui dua celah sempit yang rapat, kesan inteferens dapat dilihat sebagai jalur cerah dan gelap yang berselang seli.Jalur cerah disebabkan inteferens membina dan jalur gelap disebabkan oleh inteferens memusnah. Example 3 Figure below shows the arrangement of Youngs double slit apparatus experiment to determine the wavelength of red light. The distance between the screen and the double slit is 4 m. A series of alternating bright and dark fringes can be seen on the screen.
(i) point P _____________________________________
(ii) point Q ____________________________________ c) Why this experiment has to be carried out in a spacious area ... d) If the wave length of the sound generated was 0.15 m, what is the distance between point P and R?
e) The distance between two loud speaker increases to 1.5
m, state the changes to the distance between two consecutive softer sounds. .. Interference of light waves / Inteferens cahaya
(a)State the light phenomenon which forms the pattern of the
fringes. .. (b) In the experiment, the distance between the two slits, a, is 0.4 mm. It is found that the distance between two consecutive bright fringes is 2.6 cm. Calculate the wavelength of the red light.
(c) What will happen to the pattern of the fringes if:
(i) the distance between the double slit and screen is increased. ... (ii) The separation between the two slits is increased. .. (d) A red filter is replaced by using blue filter. Figures below are the patterns of interference which are not arranged in order. Write down the correct colour filter for the respective patterns of interference.
Interference of light can be shown by using Youngs Double
slit experiment using monochromatic light is used. Monochromatic light is light of only one color or one wavelength. When light from the same source passes through two narrow slits which are close together the
