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Edge AI for Wearables and IoT

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Internet of Things".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2025 | Viewed by 1639

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Interests: cyber-physical systems; flexible electronics; embedded systems; edge computing; real-time AI; wearable; IoT; biomedical devices; ECG; EEG
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Next generation technologies will utilize existing and emerging wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT) to continuously collect heterogeneous signals and data from unsupervised settings and apply real-time signal processing and artificial intelligence (AI) embedded into edge computing devices to seamlessly generate meaningful interpretations and actionable decisions. Rapid progress in embedded technologies with high computing power and ubiquitous connectivity using Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and 5G along with miniature, low-cost, flexible, and reliable sensors have paved the hardware revolution for these technologies. On the other hand, tremendous achievements with  AI algorithms with machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) with real-time interactive systems enabled by generative AI, federated learning, and differential privacy will lead to newer capabilities and ecosystems. These AI algorithms need to process the continuously collected data in real time for actionable decision making with a high degree of accuracy and reliability. Resolving these related hardware and software challenges requires approaches that integrates a hardware–software co-design paradigm; resource-constrained data collection and processing; novel techniques for flexible sensors; on-chip processing; power-saving, memory-management, and low-power wireless data transfer schemes; edge, fog, and cloud computing; autonomous and semi-autonomous feedbacks for closed-loop cyber-physical systems (CPS); human-in-the-loop, trustable, and privacy-preserving algorithms; and human-interpretable representations of big data on a meaningful and timely basis. The purpose of this Special Issue is to address the ongoing research activities in these fields of wearables and IoT with focus on edge AI for a variety of applications including biomedical, mobile health, smart health, smart cities, environmental, remote monitoring, robotics, assistive technologies, and elderly monitoring applications.

Dr. Bashir Morshed
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • edge, fog, and cloud computing
  • AI
  • real-time systems
  • wearable
  • IoT
  • medical device
  • smart health
  • robotics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 6152 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Ergonomics in Conventional and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery
by Manuel J. Pérez-Salazar, Daniel Caballero, Juan A. Sánchez-Margallo and Francisco M. Sánchez-Margallo
Sensors 2024, 24(12), 3840; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123840 - 14 Jun 2024
Viewed by 870
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aims to implement a set of wearable technologies to record and analyze the surgeon’s physiological and ergonomic parameters during the performance of conventional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, comparing the ergonomics and stress levels of surgeons during surgical procedures. METHODS: This [...] Read more.
BACKGROUND: This study aims to implement a set of wearable technologies to record and analyze the surgeon’s physiological and ergonomic parameters during the performance of conventional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, comparing the ergonomics and stress levels of surgeons during surgical procedures. METHODS: This study was organized in two different settings: simulator tasks and experimental model surgical procedures. The participating surgeons performed the tasks and surgical procedures in both laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery in a randomized fashion. Different wearable technologies were used to record the surgeons’ posture, muscle activity, electrodermal activity and electrocardiography signal during the surgical practice. RESULTS: The simulator study involved six surgeons: three experienced (>100 laparoscopic procedures performed; 36.33 ± 13.65 years old) and three novices (<100 laparoscopic procedures; 29.33 ± 8.39 years old). Three surgeons of different surgical specialties with experience in laparoscopic surgery (>100 laparoscopic procedures performed; 37.00 ± 5.29 years old), but without experience in surgical robotics, participated in the experimental model study. The participating surgeons showed an increased level of stress during the robotic-assisted surgical procedures. Overall, improved surgeon posture was obtained during robotic-assisted surgery, with a reduction in localized muscle fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: A set of wearable technologies was implemented to measure and analyze surgeon physiological and ergonomic parameters. Robotic-assisted procedures showed better ergonomic outcomes for the surgeon compared to conventional laparoscopic surgery. Ergonomic analysis allows us to optimize surgeon performance and improve surgical training. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Edge AI for Wearables and IoT)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Versius<sup>TM</sup> Robotic Platform: instrument beside units (<b>left</b>) and surgeon console (<b>right</b>).</p>
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<p>EdaMove 4 activity sensor placed on the surgeon’s ankle.</p>
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<p>Example of location of EMG sensors (<b>left</b>) and inertial sensors for motion analysis (<b>right</b>).</p>
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<p>Comparison of SURG-TLX parameters (mental demand, temporal demand, physical demand, stress, task complexity, and distractions), and EDA and ECG signal results during simulator tasks using conventional (CONV) and robotic-assisted (ROBOT) laparoscopy for novice and experienced laparoscopic surgeons. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05.</p>
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<p>Comparative range of motion of the neck, back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and knees during laparoscopic (CONV) and robotic-assisted (ROBOT) suture on simulator. Group of novice surgeons in laparoscopic surgery.</p>
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<p>Comparative range of motion of the neck, back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and knees during laparoscopic (CONV) and robotic-assisted (ROBOT) suture on simulator. Group of experienced surgeons in laparoscopic surgery.</p>
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<p>Comparison of muscle activity (%MVC) of experienced (<b>upper image</b>) and novice (<b>bottom image</b>) surgeons during performance of simulator suturing task using conventional (red) and robotic-assisted (blue) laparoscopic surgery for the following muscles: Brachioradialis (BRACH), Erector spinae (ER_SPIN), Gastrocnemius medialis (GAS_MED), Middle trapezius (MID_TRAP), Triceps brachii (TRI_BRA), Upper trapezius (UP_TRAP), and Vastus lateralis (VAS_LAT).</p>
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<p>Comparison of fatigue and muscle strength increase/decrease for experienced (<b>upper graph</b>) and novice (<b>bottom graph</b>) surgeons between simulator suturing task in laparoscopic (red) and robotic-assisted (blue) surgeries.</p>
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<p>Comparison of fatigue and force increasing/decreasing when performing suturing task in robotic-assisted (<b>upper graph</b>) and laparoscopic surgeries (<b>bottom graph</b>) between expert surgeons (blue) and novice surgeons (red).</p>
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<p>Comparison of fatigue and force increasing/decreasing when performing suturing task in robotic-assisted (<b>upper graph</b>) and laparoscopic surgeries (<b>bottom graph</b>) between expert surgeons (blue) and novice surgeons (red).</p>
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<p>Comparative range of motion of the neck, back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and knees during conventional (CONV) and robotic-assisted (ROBOT) laparoscopic gastrotomy.</p>
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<p>Comparative range of motion of the neck, back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and knees during conventional (CONV) and robotic-assisted (ROBOT) laparoscopic total nephrectomy.</p>
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<p>Comparative range of motion of the neck, back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and knees during conventional (CONV) and robotic-assisted (ROBOT) laparoscopic total ovariectomy.</p>
Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Comparison of muscle activity (%MVC) during the performance of a gastrotomy by conventional (red) and robotic-assisted (blue) laparoscopic surgeries for the following muscles: Brachioradialis (BRACH), Erector spinae (ER_SPIN), Gastrocnemius medialis (GAS_MED), Middle trapezius (MID_TRAP), Triceps brachii (TRI_BRA), Upper trapezius (UP_TRAP), and Vastus lateralis (VAS_LAT).</p>
Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Comparison of muscle activity (%MVC) during the performance of a total nephrectomy by conventional (red) and robotic-assisted (blue) laparoscopic surgeries for the following muscles: Brachioradialis (BRACH), Erector spinae (ER_SPIN), Gastrocnemius medialis (GAS_MED), Middle trapezius (MID_TRAP), Triceps brachii (TRI_BRA), Upper trapezius (UP_TRAP), and Vastus lateralis (VAS_LAT).</p>
Full article ">Figure 15
<p>Comparison of muscle activity (%MVC) during the performance of an ovariectomy by conventional (red) and robotic-assisted (blue) laparoscopic surgeries for the following muscles: Brachioradialis (BRACH), Erector spinae (ER_SPIN), Gastrocnemius medialis (GAS_MED), Middle trapezius (MID_TRAP), Triceps brachii (TRI_BRA), Upper trapezius (UP_TRAP), and Vastus lateralis (VAS_LAT).</p>
Full article ">Figure 16
<p>Comparison of fatigue and increase/decrease in force exerted by surgeons during the performance of surgical procedures (circle: ovariectomy; triangle: total nephrectomy; square: gastrotomy) using conventional (red) and robotic-assisted (blue) laparoscopic surgeries.</p>
Full article ">
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