önyargı ve nefret

This study shows the example of intercultural dialogue of Turkish originated immigrants in Germany in a multicultural society and the prejudices. In the midst of the last century transnational worker immigration appeared due to the need of the industrialized countries. At that time Germany started to employ immigrants as contract based and at present almost 2.5 million Turkish originated people live in Germany. Germany, where people who migrated from other European countries in a similar way and people from different origins live, has become a multicultural society. This study started from the idea that one of the biggest and hardest / most important obstacle of integration of immigrant Turks settled in Europe with the peoples of Europe is the prejudices inherited through history, stereotypes and images and which is why the Turkish immigrants have more problems by mutual dialogue than others. This study was based on the assumption that Turkish immigrants in Germany had more dialogue problems than other immigrants in the process of integration with the European peoples and that one of the most difficult obstacles before the dialogue was prejudices, stereotypes and negative identities. In the case of the Turkish immigrants who have been going to Germany since the 1960s, the prejudiced and imbedded viewpoints that make it difficult for different cultures to coexist and live together have been discussed. In this study it is aimed to contribute to the dialogue of both cultures, which can be seen as complementary of one society.
Zusammenfassung
Veranschaulicht am Beispiel der Einwanderer türkischer Herkunft in Deutschland werden in diesem Beitrag interkultureller Dialog in einer multikulturellen Gesellschaft und Vorurteile behandelt. In der Mitte des letzten Jahrhunderts entstand aufgrund des Bedarfs der Industriestaaten eine länderübergreifende Arbeitereinwanderung. Zu jener Zeit nahm Deutschland Arbeitseinwanderer aus der Türkei unter Vertrag und heute leben in Deutschland ca. 2,5 Millionen Türken. Deutschland, in dem Menschen unterschiedlichster Herkunft leben, sowie auch andere europäische Länder, die auf ähnliche Weise Einwanderung erfahren haben, sind zu multikulturellen Gesellschaften geworden. In diesem Beitrag wird von dem Gedanken ausgegangen, dass eines der größten und härtesten/wichtigsten Hindernisse der Integration in Europa sesshaften eingewanderten Türken mit den Völkern Europas, die durch die Geschichte vererbten Vorurteile, Stereotypen und Images sind, weshalb die türkischen Einwanderer mehr Probleme im gegenseitigen Dialog haben, als andere. Am Beispiel der türkischen Einwanderer, die ab den 1960er Jahren nach Deutschland einwanderten, wurden die Bemühungen für das Miteinander-Leben der Kulturen im Dialog sowie die Image bezogenen und vorurteilhaften Blickwinkel, die das Zusammenleben und Miteinander-Auskommen verschiedener Kulturen erschwerten, behandelt und als Resultat der Arbeit wurde versucht, ein Beitrag zum Dialog dieser beiden Kulturen, die als zwei sich ergänzende Kulturen einunderselben Gesellschaft zu sehen sind, zu leisten.

An epidemic may be defined as a social problem that can lead to a crisis which
needs urgent social and political measures. In this regard, hate crimes can be evaluated
as a social epidemic. In this study, the use of epidemic metaphor is aimed to underline
increasing hate crime rates around the world. As an epidemic, it is reasonable to view the
first seed of hate as a virus, which eventually spreads from individuals to groups to communities to countries and finally to the world. Hate crimes have recently been included
in legislations worldwide, but they are actually as old as humanity. Civilized nations just
recently categorized this disregard and hatred by their attributes and enacted laws to
regulate it as a crime. Thus, in that regard, hate as a crime is a fairly new phenomenon.
This study aims to raise awareness about hate crimes, especially of the decision makers.
In this frame, the definition and evolution of hate crime and hate speech are described,
its outbreak is evaluated as an epidemic, and its difference from other crimes are discussed throughout this paper. In addition, the rationale for why it should be viewed differently from other crimes is also presented.

Özet: Sosyal boyutuyla “salgın”, sosyal ve politik önlemlerin acilen alınmasını gerektiren ve toplumda kriz oluşturabilecek niteliğe sahip bir problem olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, mevcut çalışma çerçevesinde nefret suçunun da benzer özellikleri
itibariyle “sosyal salgın” bir durum veya “sosyal hastalık” olarak değerlendirilebileceği
öngörülmektedir. Kurgulanan metafor çerçevesinde, bu “salgın” nefret virüsünden kaynaklanmakla birlikte etkisi bireyler aracılığıyla gruplara, oradan topluma, ülkeye ve
hatta dünyaya yayılabilmektedir. İnsanlık tarihi kadar eski bir geçmişi olan fakat ülkelerin yasalarında yakın zamanda bir suç olarak adından söz edilmeye başlanan nefret
suçu, aslında dünya üzerinde hep var idi. Bu bağlamda, nefret suçunun dünya genelinde
bir olgu olarak ele alınması son çeyrek yüzyılda görülmektedir. Çalışma nefret kaynaklı
suçlara yönelik; farkındalık oluşturulması ve özellikle karar verici mekanizmalardaki
yetkililerin duyarlılığının arttırılmasını amaçlamıştır. Çalışma çerçevesinde; nefret suçu
ve nefret söyleminin ne olduğu, gelişimi, salgın kavramı boyutuyla değerlendirilmesi, di-
ğer suçlardan farkı, diğer suçlara kıyasla neden ayrı değerlendirilmesi gerektiği ve suçun
yayılmasını önleyici öneriler farklı yönleri ile ele alınmaktadır.