eGovernment

Implementation of E-government Military Institutions This research has developed a comprehensive literature review for the regarding the research topic. This literature review contained theoretical framework that included the underpinning theories and the related theories, as well as conceptual framework. This research has proposed a model to be tested in the study, the model contained one independent variables (e-readiness rank) and one dependent variable (implementation of e-governance). One hypothesis was developed to analyse the proposed model. The descriptive analytical approach was used in this study; it is one of the most used methods in the study of social and human phenomena, and because it fits the phenomenon under study. It also examines an existing phenomenon or issue from which information can be answered to answer study questions, without the intervention of the researcher. The population of this research was the Yemeni military stakholders. The sample of the research were 367 participants. Smart PLS has been used to conduct statistical analysis from the primary data. Several tests have been conducted for the collected data. The main results found that there is a positive and significant relationship between E-readiness rank and the Implementation of E-Governance in the Yemeni military institutions. It is recommended to face e-readiness barriers to access electronic government platforms, for the Yemeni population, the implementation of cultural programs that promote the use of new technologies through education, several initiatives of virtual classrooms, community talks could also be given, introducing the use of technologies in the customs of the members of the military, at least so that the advantages they bring beyond being used as simple consultation platforms or means of the interaction of social networks.

Diseño y ejecución de proyectos de simplificación administrativa. Experiencias desde la práctica profesional. Simplificación administrativa como paso previo a la administración electrónica y las iniciativas de calidad en la Administración, no desde el punto de vista dogmático, sino experiencias reales, y metodologías que se han aplicado.

A közigazgatás megújításának elengedhetetlen feltétele a közigazgatásban kezelt adatháttér szabályozása, az adatok megbízhatóságának emelése és a hozzáférési kulcsok biztosítása. Szükséges a közigazgatási felelősségi körök kijelölése és az ehhez kapcsolódó folyamatok biztosítása. A közigazgatási eljárás egyik alapelve, hogy a hatóság ne kérjen az ügyféltől olyan adatot, amit már valamelyik állami szerv nyilvántart. Ennek az elvnek az alkalmazása azonban, több esetben akadályba ütközik, mivel az állami nyilvántartások egymástól eltérő struktúrát alkalmaznak, amely megnehezíti a hatóságok közötti kommunikációt és lehetetlenné teszi az eljárások gyors ügyintézését. Az állami adatbázisok minőségi és biztonsági szintjének javításához nélkülözhetetlen a jogszabályok, részletszabályok áttekintése, a jelenlegi helyzet feltérképezése.

Az informatikai felhő (cloud) a már létező technológiák, szolgáltatások és értékesítési modellek újszerű kombinációja, amely az állampolgárok, vállalkozások és a közigazgatás számára is megfelelő eszköz egy versenyképes digitális egységes piacon.. A felhő modell, mint a közigazgatási informatika olcsóbbá, kiszámíthatóbbá és biztonságosabbá tételének egyik lehetséges módja, nemrég került a köztudatba. Az Európai Bizottság törekvéseivel összhangban nálunk is kiemelt szerep jut a digitális állam célrendszerében a felhőalapú szolgáltatások kormányzati alkalmazásának. Az informatikai felhőből nyujtott szolgáltatás technikailag lehetséges, vizsgálni kell viszont a modell előnyeit, hátrányait, a széleskörű elterjedésére ható okokat közigazgatási kontextusban is. A felhőalapú szolgáltatások, platformok, illetve infrastruktúrák kialakítása, a szolgáltatások nyújtása és igénybevétele számos kérdést (pl. a biztonság, az authentikáció, az authorizáció, a szolgáltatásfejlesztés, a rendszermenedzsment, a rendszermonitorozás, az elosztott adattárolás, az elosztott irányítási rendszerek alkalmazása és az interoperabilitás kérdései) vet fel, amelyekre a gyakorlati szakembereknek és kutatóknak közösen kell választ találniuk. Jelen tanulmány összefoglalja a felhőalapú rendszerek általános jellemzőit, kiemelten a közigazgatás szempontjából, felvetve a további fejlesztésekhez szükséges kutatási irányokat.
Kulcsszavak: számítási felhők (cloud computing), e-közigazgatás, kormányzati felhő

情報化の進展と（地域）社会の関わりを考えるとき、また情報社会研究や地域情報化研究、電子行政の研究にとって、オープンデータ関連の動向はどのように位置づけることができるか。
「オープンデータ」「オープンガバメント」は2009年以降に輸入された概念であり、政策や市民の活動も米国等の動向に追随することも少なくない。そのため「日本は遅れている」「日本にはまだ根付いていない」「一過性である」「一過性のブームで終わらせてはいけない（三木2014）」などと評価されることがある。
遅れは確かにあり、行政機関が国民・民間企業との協力にそれほど積極的ではないという面も確かにある。
しかし関連する取組みが存在しているにもかかわらず、これらと現在の動向の関連付けが弱いために現在起きている事象の理解が遅れていたり、議論が深まっていなかったりする面が存在するのではないか。
本研究はその様な問題意識から、現在の「オープンデータ」や「オープンガバメント」をめぐる取り組みや議論・研究と、日本におけるこれまでの取り組みや諸分野の研究とをこれまで以上に関連づけていくことを提案する。

"""For a successful e­government implementation, having a well­organized e­government model is a must for any country. It cannot be a model, which can be copied straight from a different
country. It should significantly impact all sectors of the country’s economy and its society and should be moulded according to the unique characteristics of the country. This study evaluated the e­government model, adopted by the ICT Agency of Sri Lanka (ICTA) with its e­Sri Lanka Re­Engineering Government programme. It evaluated its strengths and weaknesses by analysing factors that influence e­government projects currently being implemented. Based on this factor analysis, appropriate recommendations were proposed to enhance and strengthen the Sri Lankan e­government model by considering all social/cultural/economical/technical aspects pertaining to Sri Lanka"""

The government of Tanzania has been embracing information systems specifically websites to enlarge access to government services, lower administrative costs, and to increase public participation in decision making. As a result, almost every ministry, department, and agency (MDA) has developed a unique website. However, most of existing websites were developed without sufficiently considering users’ needs which indicates that they do have some usability and accessibility problems. This study used the SortSite tool to evaluate accessibility and usability of government websites taking a sample of 22 websites. The report from the SortSite tool was then checked against the W3 WCAG accessibility standards and Section 508 guidelines, and usability issues based on the US Federal (Usability.gov) guidelines. The results show that most of websites have many accessibility and usability problems that hinder citizens from using them. This study provides recommendations on how to improve usability and accessibility of these websites.

Irish e-Government has long endured a myriad of issues associated with traditional
enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation, hampering their ability for fiscal
accountability, to control budgets and adhere to compliance regulations. Cloud ERP is
positioned as a revolutionary approach to deploy an ERP solution. The main benefits
associated with deploying a cloud ERP in comparison to traditional ERP deployment
include low implementation, continuing, licencing and support costs, faster implementation
of IT projects and increased agility. While the recent transition of Irish e-Government to
cloud computing is laden with opportunities and risks it is imperative to identify public
sector mission critical applications that would derive substantial benefits from moving to a
cloud based solution. In this paper, we explore the ERP innovation potential of cloud
computing for Irish e-Government as a viable mechanism for replacing the traditional
implementation process of enterprise resource planning.

Many advocates of deliberative democracy see in the Internet a new opportunity for the development of public spaces, public spheres, and places where deliberation can take place. An important element of the notion of the public sphere in general and of deliberation specifically, is the quality of the debate. In the past decade, many studies have been conducted to evaluate online discussions in light of the ideal notion of the public sphere. However, a wide gap exists between theoretical approaches and the actual operationalization of such theories for empirical research. In an attempt to bridge this gap we develop a method for examining the extent to which Internet forums meet the normative requirements of rational-critical debate, reciprocity, and reflexivity. The methodological approach consists of a textual analysis of the contributions made to an online forum. The coding scheme presented in this article is based on a case study (UK Online) and guided by the theoretical notions of deliberative democracy.

El trabajo presenta la arquitectura jurídica que da sustento a la implementación del sistema de gestión documental electrónica – GDE en Argentina: el derecho de fondo sumado al derecho administrativo electrónico que está naciendo.
Quedará como un recuerdo la imagen de oficinas públicas repletas de papeles, expedientes perdidos, trámites interminables, elusión de responsabilidades y una maraña burocrática que no sólo tornaba ineficiente el accionar del Estado y lo desprestigiaba ante la sociedad sino que era fuente de la anomia boba tan bien caracterizada por Carlos Nino.

There is scarcely any aspect of government activity that does not involve the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The EU has supported the building of digital infrastructures and the sharing of best practices on efficient delivery of e-government services for the last 15 years. One of the goals of the EU Digital Action Plan was to increase the take-up of e-government services by 50% of citizens and 80% of businesses by 2015.

The introduction of digitalised procedures also affects the budgetary field. Scholars address ICT applications used for budgetary functions, procedures, or services across the budgetary cycle (planning, programming, budgeting, appropriations, control, and evaluation of financial resources), using the term 'e-budgeting'.

e-budgeting refers to the digitalisation of budgetary procedures, the diffusion of Open Data (i.e. the diffusion of budgetary information to the public in an open format) and Big Data (i.e. the use of complex databases of budgetary information to inform policy-making).

One of the most distinctive features of e-budgeting (and e-government in general) is that it promotes an active role for citizens and civil society organisations. A diffuse movement of activists and civil society organisations champions the use of digital technologies within public decision-making procedures to enhance citizens' participation and to control governmental activities.

The American baseball play Yogi Berra once observed that "The future ain't what it used to be". Berra's colourful expression states a fundamental truth: the future as we perceive it today is, more often than not, not how it was perceived in the past. The proof is in the chequered history of forecasting in every field from politics to technology. e-Government and e-democracy are no exceptions. In this article we examine the problem of inaccurate forecasting of the impact of ICT in the public sector. To do this, we use a typology of forecast failure and then use this typology to examine three case of inaccurate forecasts of the impact of e-government and e-democracy over the past 25 years and ask why these predictions were wrong. Drawing on the lessons from these examples and others, we propose a series of steps/actions that can help to reduce the probability of such errors occurring in the future.

This article provides an overview of current international e-Government practices and the role of the national identity management infrastructure program in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in supporting e-Government development. It describes the benefits of e-Government that various governments worldwide have identified, sheds light on some recent surveys on the delivery of e-Government by some countries, highlights some examples and puts the position of the United Arab Emirates into context. It then discusses the program's use of Identity Management in the strategic initiatives, explains their purpose in the facilitation of e-Government within the United Arab Emirates and describes a general roadmap for implementation.

—This paper describes an overview about the devolopment of Open Data and the realtionship with Open Government through the review and analysis of both concepts; starting from the contextualization of Open Data and Open Government, to the progress and achievements in the proposed strategies and policies for open government data implementation in Ecuador, as a process; resulting in the current state of the country in the South American context and the progress in local public initiatives deployments. Among the conclusions is stated that the purpose of open government data does not end at promoting transparency, but also in open processes, supporting the actions of Open Government and even promoting social innovation.

Resumen—
Este artículo describe una visión general acerca del desarrollo de Datos Abiertos y su relación con el Gobierno Abierto a través de la revisión y análisis de ambos conceptos; desde la contextualización de Datos Abiertos y Gobierno Abierto, a los avances y logros en las estrategias y políticas propuestas para la implementación de datos abiertos gubernamentales en Ecuador como proceso, resultando en el estado actual del país en el contexto de América del Sur y los avances en iniciativas locales. Entre las conclusiones se establece que el propósito de los datos abiertos gubernamentales no terminan con la promoción de transparencia, sino también con procesos abiertos, apoyando las acciones de Gobierno Abierto e incluso promoviendo innovación social.

This theoretical research paper makes use of past research on the topic of e-governance in an attempt to investigate the critical components of an e-governance system. This research began in an effort to add to the current model of e-governance. It proposes a conceptual framework comprised of the critical components of egovernance and lays them out in four stages. This proposed
framework is primarily intended for use in a university context.

Objective: To review the literature on the current state of blockchain. Method: A review of academic papers obtained from academic databases, a white paper, a federal report, a memorandum opinion and information from industry sources were used to have (I) an overall sense of the current state of the blockchain technology, (II) potential uses in government and (III), current examples or potential uses of the technology. Findings: Most sources say the technology has a groundbreaking nature, having potential in multiples areas government and the private sector. The accounting potential still looks unresolved but accountings firms like Deloitte have interest in the technology. The technology can reduce cost in multiple areas of the private sector and government, increase transparency and security thanks to an advanced security mechanism. There are technical challenges still to resolve. The law lag must be minimized to keep up with the technology and its implementations. Conclusion: The government and the private sector must approach a fail fast and frequently development process with this technology on small scale projects to better understand it and implement it properly. More academic research is needed and there is a lot of space for it since it’s a technology still in an early development stage.

O presente artigo buscou fazer uma avaliação dos sítios dos Tribunais de Justiça brasileiros utilizando como base os critérios dispostos tanto na cartilha de usabilidade para portais e sítios do Governo Federal quanto na métrica LEFIS/ UFSC, dando ênfase aos quesitos de acessibilidade, navegabilidade e padronização visual. Partindo do estudo teórico sobre o governo eletrônico, adotou-se como metodologia para a avaliação a análise quantitativa e qualitativa. Basicamente, os resultados apontam para uma relativa semelhança no que concerne aos serviços e links disponibilizados ao longo dos sítios e em contraponto, uma forte discrepância no que concerne a layout, menu e estruturas de navegação, não sendo possível observar qualquer tipo de padrão entre eles.

According to IDC , 70% of chief information officers in 2016 will consider cloud-based delivery the preferred choice when implementing new services. Organizations are rapidly adopting cloud computing to gain speed, scale, and economic benefits. Governments are following suit. They are exploring cloud-based services to: create scalable, interactive citizen portals; collaborate more easily; deliver volumes of data to citizens in useful ways; and, maximize focus on mission-critical needs, while reducing ICT costs. They need, however, to be sure of the security, resilience and trustworthiness of the services they run “in the cloud.”
In 2013, the Estonian government began pursuing a Data Embassy Initiative, reflective of its innovative approach to e-government and of its need to ensure national digital continuity no matter what. Cloud computing, with its immense opportunities for resilience, security and continuity in light of physical or cyber emergencies, was a potential solution. In September 2014, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Justice (Center of Registers and Information Systems), and the Office of the President of Estonia agreed with Microsoft to work on a research project to assess the feasibility of the virtual aspects of the Data Embassy Initiative.  In particular, the collaborative project tested how two separate government services – the official web site of the President of Estonia (www.president.ee) and the Riigi Teataja, or electronic State Gazette (www.riigiteataja.ee) – could be migrated and hosted on the Microsoft Azure™  cloud computing platform.
In the following report, the project team summarizes its research, which took place over three months. It addresses the Estonian Virtual Data Embassy Solution, a key part of the Data Embassy Initiative. It also looks at the current Estonian government ICT architecture, for context, and describes the “data embassy” concept, the website migration process, and the verification testing that was conducted to ensure that the migration was successful and to assess the security and resilience of the cloud computing services.
Particular focus was given to the potential legal protections of a Virtual Data Embassy, as the success of the initiative fundamentally relies on the ability of citizens to trust the security and privacy of such embassies. The latter naturally draws in at least three actors: the Estonian government, the cloud service provider, and the country wherein the cloud provider is headquartered. The technical outcomes are also outlined, i.e. storage, network and compute architecture, with operational lessons, as well as security, identity, and data architecture findings set out. The report concludes with high level recommendations, which could be applicable to any government, as they consider cloud computing to achieve their national objectives.

This article provides an overview of eGovernment and its role in revolutionising existing governmental systems. It argues that in order for eGovernment initiatives to truly succeed, we need to develop public trust and confidence to promote diffusion and participation. The article relates this to the recently announced UAE eGovernment Strategic Framework 2011-2013. The framework attempts to promote the electronic transformation of all government services within a period of three years. An important component of the strategic framework in question is the use of the existing national identity management infrastructure and the development of a government-owned federated identity management system to support Government-to-Citizen (G2C) eGovernment transactions and promote trust and confidence on the Internet.

A mögöttünk lévő mintegy negyed évszázadban a közigazgatással foglalkozó szakemberek, kutatók jelentős részére valamilyen mértékben hatással volt az a jelenség, amelyet sokféleképpen, de talán leggyakrabban eKormányzatnak nevezünk. Vitán felül áll, hogy a technológiai fejlődés jelentős mértékben megváltoztatta nem csak a közigazgatást és annak működését, hanem azt a viszonyrendszert is, amely az állam és annak polgárai között fennáll. Ezt a jelenséget – a technológia igazgatási folyamatokra gyakorolt hatását – sokan, sokféleképpen vizsgálták és vizsgálják. Egyesek rendszeralkotással kísérleteznek, mások definíciókat alkotnak, és vannak, akik a jelenség hatásait elemzik. Mindezek eredményeként mára a hazai és nemzetközi szakirodalom olyan mértékben kibővült, amely szinte elképzelhetetlen volt 20-30 évvel ezelőtt. Azt sem szabad elfelejteni, hogy a tudományos kutatás eszközei is jelentős mértékben fejlődtek, ugyanennek a technológiai evolúciónak a hatására. A kutatás alapvető szabályai azonban nem változtak, és a modellalkotás, a definíciók tisztázása, valamint a kutatási területek fejlődési irányainak összefoglalása napjainkban is fontos alapját képezik a további építkezésnek. Czékmann Zsolt eddigi tudományos munkássága során is arra törekedett, hogy a gyorsan változó jelenségek mellett figyelmet fordítson az alapvető törvényszerűségek feltárására, és az eKormányzat témakörével összefüggő, rendszerezhető tudás összefoglalására. Ennek a szintetizáló munkának az egyik kiváló eredményét tartja kézben az olvasó, amelyet bizonyosan haszonnal forgathat majd bárki, aki tudományos igényű betekintést kíván nyerni az eKormányzat világába.

Csáki-Hatalovics Gyula Balázs

Developments in the world of information technology have brought security needs, ethical and social responsibilities, risks and inconveniences. The dramatic increase and spread of smartphone usage, especially in line with advances in mobile technology, has led to an increase in IT crimes committed on smartphones. The increase in the processing of information crimes via smartphones has necessitated the investigation of informatics crimes and produced many analysis softwares&methods. Particularly in Turkey, by the usage of ByLock and Eagle apps by FETO criminals, mobile forensic became the most important proof of evidence of being a member of the terroristic organization. Afterwards, it was discovered that the malicious software was infected to some of nun-member suspects' mobile phones by Morbeyin operation which was discovered and revealed by mobile malware forensic experts. Thousands of innocents have suffered because of this malware. This kind of threats is also considered to have some negative impact of m-government solutions and development. In the field of forensic crimes, there has been a subcategory of investigation of smart phones and mobile phones. In this study, the important details about the examination of smartphones within the scope of forensic computing are analyzed by comparing various mobile software, applications and studies. Öz Bilgi teknolojisi dünyasındaki gelişmeler yeni güvenlik gereksinimlerini, etik ve sosyal sorumlulukları, riskleri ve tehditleri de birlikte getirmiştir. Özellikle mobil teknolojideki gelişmelere paralel olarak akıllı telefon kullanımının çarpıcı şekilde artması ve yaygınlaşması, akıllı telefonlarda işlenen bilişim suçlarında bir artışa neden olmuştur. Bilişim suçlarının akıllı telefonlar üzerinden işlenmesindeki artış, bilişim suçlarının araştırılmasını gerekli kılmış ve bu kapsamda birçok analiz yazılımı ve yöntemi üretmiştir. Özellikle Türkiye'de, FETO suçluları tarafından ByLock ve Eagle uygulamalarının kullanılmasıyla, mobil teknik tahkikat, terör örgütüne üye olmanın en önemli kanıtı olmuştur. Ancak daha sonraki süreçte örgüt üyesi olmayanların telefonlarına da bulaştırılabildiği adli bilişim uzmanlarında ortaya çıkarılan Morbeyin anlaşılabilmiştir. Binlerce masum vatandaş bu zararlı yazılım yüzünden büyük sıkıntı çekmiştir. Bu tür tehditlerin, m-devlet çözümlerinde ve gelişiminde bazı olumsuz etkilerinin olabildiği düşünülmektedir. Adli bilişim suçları alanında, akıllı telefon-ların ve cep telefonlarının soruşturma alt kategorisin oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmamızda, akıllı telefonların adli analiz kapsamındaki incelemesiyle ilgili önemli ayrıntılar, çeşitli mobil yazılımlar, uygulamalar ve çalışmalar karşılaştırılarak sunulmaktadır. Introduction Smartphones have come out of being only communication tools and have become an alternative to computers thanks to the innovative hardware and software features that are increasing day by day. Governments are also encouraging usage of mobile government applications in order to decrease transaction costs and increase the level of satisfaction of citizens. In today's technology world, users can easily do all kinds of operations with computers through smart phones. The convenience provided by mobile technology has also brought new security risks. The use of smartphones and social media has increased, causing the increase in information crime and victims. With the malicious software for smartphones, the bank account information of the people can be

Governments and businesses alike are coming to understand that national and global economies should us the Internet as a medium for innovation and economic growth. A critical component that has been left to service providers to establish and manage is that of digital identities of online clients and customers. Lack of regulation and effective methods of management has resulted in greater concerns over privacy, security, and productivity in online environments, thus hindering the development and use of the full potential of the Internet. This paper attempts to explore the role of a government initiated digital identity management system in supporting the creation of a stronger digital economy. The author provides an overview of the identity management infrastructure development initiatives in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and briefly examines their potential to revolutionize and transform existing economic models. The author argues that the new smart identity cards produced in these countries may serve as secure tokens that connect digital and physical identity, create trustworthy environments, and strengthen confidence in online transactions critical to the growth of the digital economy.

Entra hoje em vigor o novo Código de Procedimento Administrativo (CPA). Surgem novas regras de funcionamento da “máquina” do Estado e articula-se uma outra forma de relacionamento entre os cidadãos e a Administração Pública (AP). Eficiência, desburocratização e rapidez são as novas palavras-chave. O “Notícia BAD” analisou o novo Código e apresenta-lhe um guia prático com as principais novidades e fragilidades.

Esta obra es una celebración necesaria e ineludible, al cumplirse diez años desde la incorporación de Chile a la Alianza para el Gobierno Abierto (Open Government Partnership,  OGP por su sigla en inglés), en septiembre de 2011 , que marca el inicio de un camino desde el cual múltiples actores de gobierno y de la ciudadanía, han ido co-creando una robusta agenda de compromisos, que ha impactado de manera directa en los procesos de reforma y modernización del sector público chileno, y por tanto, en la calidad de vida de millones de personas, más allá de programas políticos, trascendiendo a los gobiernos de turno.

Y es, al mismo tiempo, un reconocimiento al esfuerzo, compromiso y dedicación de tantas personas que han puesto a disposición sus capacidades, creatividad y talentos para impulsar un nuevo modelo de gobernanza de los asuntos públicos en Chile. De ese modo, han contribuido, a fortalecer las instituciones y la democracia en nuestro país, empoderar a la ciudadanía, mejorar la prestación de servicios públicos y promover el bien común, desde una perspectiva anclada en los valores de la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas, la participación ciudadana y el uso intensivo de la tecnología e innovación.

Las voces que hemos logrado congregar en esta obra son un extraordinario abanico que refleja la heterogeneidad, diversidad y amplio espectro de miradas que acogen y nutren las iniciativas de Gobierno Abierto en Chile. Es un relato lleno de colores, matices y descubrimientos. Una expresión única de la gran oportunidad que nos ha otorgado la apertura institucional, en estos diez años de historia, como excusa para reforzar un compromiso permanente con la democracia, con el buen gobierno, con un servicio público de excelencia, con relevar a la ciudadanía como protagonista de una nueva forma de gobernar. Esta agenda nos ha permitido conversar sobre cómo resolver nuestros problemas comunes desde el esfuerzo por contribuir con respuestas y poner manos a la obra, y de paso, reconfigurar espacios de poder y dotar de significado a la idea de una gobernanza inteligente, distribuida, colaborativa y a escala humana y ambiental, acorde con los enormes desafíos frente a un cada vez más complejo e incierto siglo XXI.

Es en este escenario en el que presentamos un trabajo redactado a muchas manos y voces, un tejido único de reflexiones, experiencias, logros y aprendizajes escritos desde la particular mirada de sus propias y propios protagonistas. Y por tal motivo, hemos estructurado esta obra colectiva en base a 7 ejes de reflexión, considerando los diversos ámbitos de acción en los que el Gobierno Abierto se ha ido construyendo en nuestro país, en estos diez años de historia desde el año 2011 al 2021. A saber:

1. Voces de apertura institucional y desde quienes han liderado la agenda de Gobierno Abierto en el marco de OGP Chile (Centro de Gobierno) en los últimos años;
2. Voces desde representantes de organismos multilaterales e internacionales;
3. Voces desde quienes han liderado los procesos de apertura y han participado en las dinámicas de co-creación e implementación de compromisos de Gobierno Abierto desde ministerios, servicios e instituciones públicas;
4. Voces desde representantes de organizaciones de la sociedad civil;
5. Voces que representan distintas miradas desde la academia y universidades;
6. Voces que emergen desde otros espacios institucionales (en el marco de lo que hemos venido denominando y entendiendo bajo la idea de Estado Abierto) como son el ámbito de Municipios Abiertos, y
7. Voces desde los esfuerzos en Justicia Abierta y en Parlamento Abierto en Chile.

This work aims to examine, -with statistics and information-  the versatility and overall need of management and businesses through eGovernment.

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Η παρούσα εργασία, που αποτελεί βιβλιογραφική μελέτη, και έχει ως στόχο την εξέταση, -με πίνακες, στατιστικά στοιχεία και πληροφορίες- της πολύπλευρης και συνολικής προσφοράς στη διοίκηση και στην διευκόλυνση πολιτών και επιχειρήσεων μέσα από την ηλεκτρονική διακυβέρνηση.

En los últimos años hemos visto la expansión de políticas de transparencia y datos abiertos en diversos gobiernos de la región, bajo la corriente de Gobierno Abierto. Gobiernos de todo el mundo han elevado sus niveles de transparencia, en gran parte gracias a la presión impuesta por la sociedad civil, el periodismo y la ciudadanía en general. Sin embargo, la transparencia de los datos no es lo mismo que la transparencia en los procesos de gobierno. Un gobierno puede abrir información sobre sus gastos o contrataciones, pero eso nada nos dice sobre cómo se llevó a cabo ese proceso o si se cumplieron las partes del “contrato”. Generar mayores niveles de transparencia en los procesos de un gobierno (asignación de subvenciones, contrataciones, licitaciones, etc.) significa elevarnos un escalón más en el camino hacia una mayor accountability. En el siguiente trabajo se analizan las implicancias del blockchain sobre las actividades de gobierno, en especial para la transparencia y el Gobierno Abierto. Para ello, analizaremos la experiencia llevada a cabo en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), en la cual se ha utilizado esta tecnología para dar mayor transparencia y confianza a la entrega de subsidios culturales del municipio. El paper realiza un análisis conceptual sobre blockchain y sus implicancias, para luego describir las características de la prueba piloto, sus impactos y aprendizajes. Este trabajo ha sido llevado a cabo en el marco del Fellowship OEA en Gobierno Abierto para las Américas, del año 2017.

In recent years we have seen the expansion of transparency and open data policies in various governments of the region, under the Open Government trend. Governments around the world have raised their levels of transparency, largely thanks to the pressure imposed by civil society, journalism and citizens. However, the transparency of data is not the same as transparency in government processes. A government can open information about its expenses or contracts, but that tells us nothing about how this process was carried out or whether the clauses of the "contract" were fulfilled. Generating greater levels of transparency in the processes of government (allocation of subsidies, contracts, tenders, etc.) means raising one step further on the road towards greater accountability. In the following paper we analyze the implications of the blockchain technology on government activities, especially for transparency and open government. We will analyze the experience carried out in the city of Bahía Blanca (Argentina), in which this technology has been used to give greater transparency and confidence to the delivery of cultural subsidies from the municipality. The paper makes a conceptual analysis about blockchain and its implications, to then describe the characteristics of the pilot test, its impacts and learning. This work has been carried out within the framework of the OAS Fellowship in Open Government in the Americas, 2017.