User Datagram Protocol

The current Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 4th generation (4G) mobile network architecture features complicated control plane protocols and requires expensive equipment. Data delivery in the mobile packet core is performed based on a centralized mobility anchor between eNode B (eNB) elements and the network gateways. The mobility anchor is performed based on General Packet Radio Service tunnelling protocol (GTP), which has numerous drawbacks, including high tunnelling overhead and suboptimal routing between mobile devices on the same network. To address these challenges, here we describe new mobile core architecture for future mobile networks. The proposed scheme is based on IP encapsulated within IP (IP-in-IP) for mobility management and data delivery. In this scheme, the core network functions via layer 3 switching (L3S), and data delivery is implemented based on IP-in-IP routing, thus eliminating the GTP tunnelling protocol. For handover between eNB elements located near to one another, we propose the creation of a tunnel that maintains data delivery to mobile devices until the new eNB element updates the route with the gateway, which prevents data packet loss during handover. For this, we propose Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnelling protocol. We describe the results of numerical analyses and simulation results showing that the proposed network core architecture provides superior performance compared with the current 4G architecture in terms of handover delay, tunnelling overhead and total transmission delay.

This paper presents a new architecture of Q3 interface to combine OSI and Internet management protocols CMIP and SNMP with union management protocol in Telecommunication Management Network (TMN). To manage both OSI and IP-based networks, new proposed sub-layer is added between upper layers (SNMP and CMIP) and lower layers stack protocols such that with use of this sub-layer the TMN is able to communicate data between CMIP and SNMP with OSI and TCP/UDP/IP. Results of our simulation are shown that our new architecture named SUL (Sub-layer between Upper and Lower layers) has better performance than CMIP with 12.5% improvement in M-Get and M-Set services and 25% in M-Event Report service. Also SUL architecture performance will overcome to SNMP with 125% in M-Get and M-Set services and 66% in M-Event Report service. Usage of Q3 interface in telecommunication management network will improve the performance of instruction interchange approximately 26.6% in comparison to ordinary telecommunication.

This paper presents a Java-based real-time Internet access estimation tool for Quality of Service (QoS) in Internet accesses for Multimedia applications (JEQoSIM). It is specially aimed for real-time multimedia applications which use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The system is capable of estimating access capacity, available bandwidth and delay as the critical end-to-end QoS parameters for this kind of applications. The algorithm used for QoS estimations is one-way, and is based on the packet train technique. Real-time QoS estimation elements are distributed among a central server and the Internet end user. The central server contains a UDP packet bursts server and a web server that hosts the Java applet that implements the UDP packet bursts client. JEQoSIM has been validated using several commercial Internet

QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) Chrome is an experimental transport layer network protocol designed by Jim Roskind at Google, initially implemented in 2012 and announced publicly in 2013. One of the QUIC's goals is to improve performance of connection-oriented web applications that are currently using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). To do that, QUIC achieves a reduced latency and a better stream-multiplexing support to avoid network congestion. In 2015, Firefox Mozilla started to work on an equivalent QUIC transport protocol for their browser. This idea was motivated by the differences between Chrome and Firefox. Despite the fact that Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome are both web browser engines, there are some significant differences between them, such as file hierarchy, open source policies (Firefox is completely, while Chrome is only partial), tabs design, continuous integration, and more. Likewise QUIC Chrome, QUIC Firefox is a new multiplexed and secure tran...

QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) Chrome is an experimental transport layer network protocol designed by Jim Roskind at Google, initially implemented in 2012 and announced publicly in 2013. One of the QUIC's goals is to improve performance of connection-oriented web applications that are currently using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). To do that, QUIC achieves a reduced latency and a better stream-multiplexing support to avoid network congestion. In 2015, Firefox Mozilla started to work on an equivalent QUIC transport protocol for their browser. This idea was motivated by the differences between Chrome and Firefox. Despite the fact that Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome are both web browser engines, there are some significant differences between them, such as file hierarchy, open source policies (Firefox is completely, while Chrome is only partial), tabs design, continuous integration, and more. Likewise QUIC Chrome, QUIC Firefox is a new multiplexed and secure tran...

This paper discusses the performance of traffic flow over Local Area Networks (LAN) utilizing buffers to avoid any irrelevant traffic that clusters the network using sniffer pro. The study applies buffer technology to filter out unnecessary information so the system captures only required information packets. Buffers that capture the protocols are identified. These are: Address Resolution Protocols (ARP), Internet Control

Abstract This paper presents the performance evaluation between IPv4 and IPv6 with Linux MPLS tunnel. MPLS Linux tunneling is used to transport IPv6 data stream over IPv4 network for interoperable IPv4 and IPv6 deployment. The performance metrics such as jitter, ...

It is often desirable in today's highly congested inter networks that the data rate be adaptively controlled in order to prevent congestion. Nowadays, streaming applications are finding their importance in applications like video conferencing. These applications are responsible for pumping larger amounts of data into a network, as they follow UDP (user datagram protocol); thus, a means that can adapt

This paper looks at issues involved in providing quality-of-service (QoS) support in a dynamic environment. We focus on a resource reservation-based approach, which we believe is attractive for military applications but is especially difficult in a dynamic network environment. This is because resources reserved for a particular flow may contract after they have been “committed” to the flow, causing the reservation to be dropped. Our approach is to expand the semantics of the reservation so that instead of being a single value indicating the level of service needed by an application, it becomes a range of service levels in which the application can operate, together with the current reserved value within that range. This provides flexibility so that reservations can be maintained as network conditions change. Rather than being forced to make a binary “admit/fail” decision for each flow, the network provides feedback to applications on the current reservation level. Based on this feed...

The Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is designed to be a replacement for the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) that is used for media delivery, with Congestion Control Identifier 3 (CCID3) tailored for video streaming applications. In this paper, we investigate the ...

QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) Chrome is an experimental transport layer network protocol designed by Jim Roskind at Google, initially implemented in 2012 and announced publicly in 2013. One of the QUIC's goals is to improve performance of connection-oriented web applications that are currently using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). To do that, QUIC achieves a reduced latency and a better stream-multiplexing support to avoid network congestion. In 2015, Firefox Mozilla started to work on an equivalent QUIC transport protocol for their browser. This idea was motivated by the differences between Chrome and Firefox. Despite the fact that Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome are both web browser engines, there are some significant differences between them, such as file hierarchy, open source policies (Firefox is completely, while Chrome is only partial), tabs design, continuous integration, and more. Likewise QUIC Chrome, QUIC Firefox is a new multiplexed and secure tran...

This paper discusses the performance of traffic flow over Local Area Networks (LAN) utilizing buffers to avoid any irrelevant traffic that clusters the network using sniffer pro. The study applies buffer technology to filter out unnecessary information so the system captures only required information packets. Buffers that capture the protocols are identified. These are: Address Resolution Protocols (ARP), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The study identified to the user/analyzer of an Ethernet technology, how to isolate a cluster network problem, monitor network performance, and offer tips on how to correctly assess and fix network problems. The study provides detailed analysis of threshold gauges, errors, broadcasts, multicasts, packets, and many other facets of dashboard graph configurations thereby ensuring a successful network analysis. The study concludes by providing solutions to poor network perfo...

The invention relates to a filling machine for the filling of a hose-like sleeve, in particular of a gut with filling material in the form of large pieces of meat or ham, the machine comprising a supply vat with a discharge opening, a screw conveyor with a charging section chargeable via the discharge opening, a precompression section and a degassification section, a holding device for the sleeve or gut, a separating unit and a closing device for the sleeve or gut.

This paper presents preliminary work and a prototype computer vision optical method for latency measurement for an UAS (Uninhabited Aerial System) digital video capture, encode, transport, decode, and presentation subsystem. Challenges in this type of latency measurement include a no-touch policy for the camera and encoder as well as the decoder and player because the methods developed must not interfere

Inherent error-resilient nature of multimedia content renders two high-level options for wireless multimedia application design. One option is to employ (semi-) reliable wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) functions in conjunction with the traditional User Datagram Protocol (UDP). ...

This paper discusses the performance of traffic flow over Local Area Networks (LAN) utilizing buffers to avoid any irrelevant traffic that clusters the network using sniffer pro. The study applies buffer technology to filter out unnecessary information so the system captures only required information packets. Buffers that capture the protocols are identified. These are: Address Resolution Protocols (ARP), Internet Control

This paper reports the experimental results of IEEE 802.11 b wireless link performance in ad hoc mode. The throughput and packet loss rate are measured for user datagram protocol (UDP) and transmission control protocol (TCP) traffic in both indoor and outdoor environments. Various factors that affect the performance of the wireless link, such as the packet size, the transmission rate, the distance between stations, the retry limit and the network topology are considered. Experimental measurements are also compared ...

It is often desirable in today's highly congested inter networks that the data rate be adaptively controlled in order to prevent congestion. Nowadays, streaming applications are finding their importance in applications like video conferencing. These applications are responsible for pumping larger amounts of data into a network, as they follow UDP (user datagram protocol); thus, a means that can adapt