Urban Psychology

The phenomenon of car dependence among individuals has been causing problems in various cities in Indonesia. The main objective of this exploratory study is to unveil the psychosocial and demographic factors that are deemed to be the predictors of individuals’ dependency on personal cars. The application of the conceptual model of this study surpasses the rational and logical explanation, especially among the middle-high or above class of young professionals growing up in big cities. Quantitative method approach was used on the participants living in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya, which are the representatives of well-known big cities in Indonesia. The data were collected through survey in psychological scales and demographic questions. The result of this study are as follows: 1) Instrumental uses of one’s personal car use seems to be stronger than symbolic and affective meanings; 2) Intention to reduce the use of personal car plays a huge role to mediate the relation of car-use problem awareness and car dependence; 3) Gender is the only demographic characteristics that shows participants’ car dependence differences; Results and limitations of this study are discussed within the implication for theoretical and practical uses in Organizational Behavior studies

We live in a time characterized by change, which calls for a strong social adaptation. The technological and digital revolution that occurred in recent years provides the necessary tools to improve services to citizens, to promote a balanced use of the precious natural resources, pushing everything to a minimum impact on the environment. In this scenario, there is the need to transform a simple city, in a Smart City. The idea of Smart Cities is shaping as one of the starting points to these processes of innovation and transformation that are now essential, providing concrete answers to the new needs of adaptation. Some basic concepts of the projects of smart cities will be analyzed in this paper, from a psychological and social point of view. Most psychological research hasn't so far studied cities as specific physical and social environments, but the starting point of this essay is that cities are composed of people who live there and interact in their daily lives. The city is seen, in this paper, as a social environment enriched by the psychological characteristics of those who inhabit it.

У монографії висвітлено результати першого в Україні й одного з перших у світовій науці психологічного дослідження, що мало своїм об’єктом бідність як стиль життя. Здобуті результати узагальнено у вигляді теорії соціальнопсихологічної детермінації бідності як стилю життя, змістову основу якої становлять соціально-психологічні чинники подолання бідності в сучасному українському
суспільстві. Чинники виявлено й описано у зв’язку з такими сферами індивідуальної та колективної життєдіяльності, як ціннісно-орієнтаційне, політичне, правове, освітнє, професійне самовизначення, набуття і використання соціального капіталу,
сімейні стосунки, гендерна взаємодія, перебування в міському або сільському середовищі, ставлення до здоров’я.
Адресується науковцям у галузях соціальної та економічної психології, викладачам і студентам вищих навчальних закладів, практичним психологам і соціальним працівникам, які працюють із представниками проблемних соціальних груп.

The image of the city as a stressful place is an evergreen topic. In this article we review the imagination of urban stress, starting from Simmel's classic thesis that the modern city is an unavoidably psychic-stimulating environment potentially leading to stimuli overload. City dwellers are then supposed to counter stimuli overload with a series of adaptation strategies. However, the ways in which these phenomena can be conceptualised are varied. Historically, a shift of emphasis seems to have occurred from the classic conceptualisation of hyperaesthesia to the contemporary preoccupations with the design of comfortable atmospheres. Such atmospheres are, in fact, comfort bubbles. In the article we tackle the aspirations and predicaments of such engineered atmospheres. In particular, we build on Sloterdijk's argument that, ultimately, bubbles fail to do away with stress: whereas for Simmel stress anaesthetised urbanites, Sloterdijk has pointed out that, rather, comfort itself stresses them. To better tackle the magmatic stratum of dissatisfaction that seems so coessential to urban life, in the final part of the article we focus on the notion of animosity. We suggest to conceptualise it as a type of disquiet that cannot be reduced to established recognisable interaction formats.

Selfie is a self-generated, self-selected picture to communicate the transitory message about oneself at a particular moment in time taken to be immediately distributed to others via social media networks. For adolescents, selfie becomes an online tool to explore and discover their identity throughout identity formation phase. Article aimed to address its purpose of describing the reasons why adolescents took selfies, what selfie mean to them and the meaning of others' responses on their selfies. Through textual analysis conducted upon written answers in a course exercise provided by 40 first semester students aged 18-20 years who participate in Introduction to Communication Technology course in Pembangunan Jaya University. This preliminary qualitative research concludes that they take the selfie as an activity done in their spare time to express themselves and to record memorable moments. For them, selfie means as their means for self-expression and as mementos. Others' responses to their selfies gave them the affective feeling of approval. As these findings resonate with identity formation in adolescence, the theoretical implication is the need to continue exploring selfie as a means for the search of the identity. The practical implication of these findings is to use selfie and its future consequences with adolescence, including the issues of online safety and privacy.

Dreams about 9/11 -- Paper presented at the 19th Annual International Conference for The International Association for the Study of Dreams, Tufts University, Medford, Boston, Massachusetts; 05/2002
An analysis of trauma dreams collected after 9/11

Differences, dualities, and dichotomies play a fundamental role within the psychological and philosophical frameworks through which humans interpret phenomena. Boundaries and binary oppositions abound in our thinking and actions, manifesting metaphysically and physically, internally and externally, and on all conceivable scales. Drawing upon insights from past and contemporary systems thinkers and integrating an assemblage of personal experiences, together with observations, the present work aims to understand how and why our psychological, thereon our philosophical relationship with oppositions frame the collective societal response to rapid change and upheaval, and what role might transdisciplinary thinking have to play in reconciling societal differences.

This article looks at how symbols in the urban environment are intentionally produced and modified to regulate a community's collective memory. Our urban environment is filled with symbols in the form of images, text, and structures that embody certain narratives about the past. Once those symbols are introduced into the city space they take a life span of their own in a continuous process of reproduction and reconstruction by different social actors. In the context of the city space of Cairo in the five years following the 2011 Egyptian revolution, I will look on the one side at efforts of activists to preserve the memory of the revolution through graffiti murals and the utilization of public space, and from the other, the authority's efforts to replace those initiatives with its own official narrative. Building on the concept of collective memory, as well as Bartlett's studies of serial reproductions and theorization of reconstructive remembering , I will follow the reproduction of different symbols in the city and how they were perceived and remembered by pedestrians.

Sažetak Urbani turizam predstavlja značajan oblik turizma u poslednjih nekoliko decenija, naročito za zemlje koje nemaju razvijenu turističku ponudu, a posebno su postali popularni oblici turizma u kojima osnovni izvor informacija čini lokalno stanovništvo. Zbog toga su nam njihovi doživljaji grada u kojem žive veoma važni. U ovom istraživanju je ispitano kako stanovnici Novog Sada doživljavaju gradske prešačke zone, sa ciljem da se mapiraju načini na koje oni koriste ovaj prostor, kako ga doživljavaju i koje konstrukte na njemu primenjuju. Budući da sličnih istraživanja ovog prostora nema, istraživanje je kvalitativno, eksplorativno. Sprovedeno je na uzorku od 22 ispitanika, uzrasta od 21 do 63 godine. Primenjene tehnike za ispitivanje su polustrukturisani intervju i slobodna elicitacija konstrukata. Istraživanje je ukazalo na veliki broj raznolikih doživljaja cele pešačke zone, ali i mnogih njenih delova i sadržaja. Utvrđeno je i više konstrukata kojima se ispitanici služe da opišu pešačku zonu i da je ocene kao prijatan ili neprijatan ambijent za boravak, koji se donekle poklapaju sa onima koji su izdvojeni u drugim istraživanjima, ali i onih koji su specifični za ovo okruženje. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu biti dobre smernice za urbanistički i kulturni razvoj ovog dela grada. Abstract Urban tourism has gained much significance recently, and is especially important for the countries with underdeveloped tourism offers. The demand for its forms in which the main source of information about the city are local residents has also increased. This is why it is important to study the ways in which the inhabitants experience the environment they live in. Hence, this research concerns the local inhabitants' experiences of the Novi Sad pedestrian zone, the most attractive part of the city. The goal of the research is to present their different experiences and constructs they use to describe and evaluate it. Since there are no previous attempts to gain insight into it, the approach to the subject is qualitative and exploratory. 22 residents (21-63 years of age) were interviewed and were assigned to elicit constructs. The research gave an insight into a spectrum of different experiences of the whole pedestrian zone, as well as its many parts and aspects. The inhabitants elicited many constructs which they use to describe and evaluate it, some of which are similar to the ones found in other parts of the world, while others are specific for Novi Sad. The results provide guidelines for urban and cultural development of the city.

O presente projeto visa debater a relação entre estruturação das cidades na atualidade e a relação entre modos de subjetivação. Para tanto, pretende expor aos alunos de graduação e profissionais de áreas diversificadas, a forma como algumas cidades foram estruturadas, quais as reformas urbanas por que passaram nos últimos 30 anos e quais os tipos de indivíduos que foram produzidos, em meio a estas modificações espaciais. O foco inicial dos debates serão as regiões centrais e portuárias de cidades como Londres, Barcelona, Buenos Aires, Valparaíso e Rio de Janeiro, onde as transformações urbanas levantaram movimentos de resistência às medidas governamentais. Em seguida, dirigiremos nosso olhar para a cidade de Aracaju, suas transformações e desafios atuais. Esse trabalho se justifica, na medida em que temos como objetivo destacar o modo como o urbanismo e o turismo modificam as cidades a fim de atrair capital e, no entanto, negligenciam a vida dos moradores dos bairros reestruturados. Em segundo lugar, porque se pretende capacitar os alunos a observar as cidades nas quais vivem com um olhar crítico, a respeito das modificações urbanas.

Presentaré en este texto algunas ideas sobre el urbanismo y la sociedad postmoderna, utilizando la metáfora de la aceleración como el hilo conductor para reflexionar sobre nuestro tiempo y el papel que tenemos en él. De modo general, defenderé dos tesis: que ningún cambio contemporáneo es tan innovador que no haya sido anticipado por los gustos, valores y propuestas modernistas (incluso anteriores); y que, ante el dilema del tiempo que se nos marcha, nuestra única opción es dejarnos llevar con libertad y contribuir al presente-futuro que se está forjando a nuestro alrededor. El pensamiento social urbano ha mantenido durante décadas la contraposición entre ciudad y comunidad como elemento central para entender la complejidad de nuestras ciudades. El pensamiento postmodernista, en su afán por trascender los mitos y discursos en que las generaciones anteriores se han formado, deja de lado esta supuesta diferencia y la resitúa en el espacio de la metáfora del idílico pasado, planteando para nuestro tiempo un lenguaje futurista y cibernético, donde los hombres-máquina, la inmediatez de las comunicaciones, la mundialización y la distopía son algunas de  las nuevas claves de la teoría sobre la ciudad.

O presente trabalho é resultado de pesquisa de doutorado realizada na zona portuária do Rio de Janeiro, entre 2011 e 2015. Neste intervalo, o porto foi alvo de diversas reformas urbanas, que revitalizavam a área para as Olimpíadas de 2016. A fim de investigar como moradores estavam reagindo às transformações, procedemos a incursões in loco conhecidas por derivas urbanas. Demos início a caminhadas pela zona portuária e aos poucos fomos levados às reuniões comunitárias de resistência à revitalização governamental. Em contato com o Comitê Popular da Copa e das Olimpíadas e com o Fórum Comunitário do Porto, pudemos observar um processo de limpeza social e urbana sendo colocado em prática. Casas eram marcadas para serem derrubadas, ocupações urbanas removidas, construção de teleféricos nos lugares onde antes se encontravam praças e centros culturais comunitários. Descobrimos que um processo de gentrificação produziu um espaço heterotópico na região, em que antigos moradores com seus lugares de trabalho, moradia e lazer entravam em choque com o espaço turístico e revitalizado do visitante que passou a ocupar aquela área. Dois tipos de indivíduos passavam a frequentar o porto a partir de posicionamentos irredutíveis e contraditórios entre si. De um lado, tínhamos as favelas, a pobreza, o morador de rua, o ambulante, sendo expulsos dos Morros da Providência, da Conceição, da Rua do Livramento, da Pedra Lisa, da Rua da Gamboa. De outro, estavam o carioca, o turista cultural, nacional e internacional ganhando espaço através da construção de vias expressas, tuneis, museus, restaurantes e comércio recém-instalados.
Palavras-chave: Derivas urbanas, Heterotopias, Zona Portuária.

Urban tourism has gained much significance recently, and is especially important for the countries with underdeveloped tourism offers. The demand for its forms in which the main source of information about the city are local residents has also increased. This is why it is important to study the ways in which the inhabitants experience the environment they live in.
Hence, this research concerns the local inhabitants' experiences of the Novi Sad pedestrian zone, the most attractive part of the city. The goal of the research is to present their different experiences and constructs they use to describe and evaluate it. Since there are no previous attempts to gain insight into it, the approach to the subject is qualitative and exploratory. 22 residents (21-63 years of age) were interviewed and were assigned to elicit constructs.
The research gave an insight into a spectrum of different experiences of the whole pedestrian zone, as well as its many parts and aspects. The inhabitants elicited many constructs which they use to describe and evaluate it, some of which are similar to the ones found in other parts of the world, while others are specific for Novi Sad. The results provide guidelines for urban and cultural development of the city.

"This thesis scope is to establish a new method of quantification of the perceived happiness of the individual in a particular urban environment and compare it, once obtained the results, with objective indicators, measured and set for the same urban space.
The pursuit for happiness is not something new, but as old as history itself. It started almost 2.500 years ago and reached to be measurable today. Subjective measures typically rely on survey or interview tools and objective utilize some already recognized tools and indexes. In a complete investigation of happiness both individual and contextual/ societal types of variables must be considered, as much as the cross-level interactions between them.
As a study case for the application of the method the neighborhood of Vila de Gràcia in Barcelona was chose, where surveys have been conducted to measure the subjective perception of happiness of people using the space, i.e. both the inhabitants, and the people working there or visiting the area for family reasons, leisure, services or shopping. The survey questions were formed according to the classification of the basic needs of Max-Neef. Of the 174 surveys taken, a first analysis of the direct statistic results was made. Then there was a second, deeper analysis, using MIC and MINE methods, to find all possible correlations (linear or not) between pairs of variables.
To correlate the “subjective” with the “objective”, a comparison table was used, incorporating both types of indicators and their thresholds. The final score for subjective happiness was 7,03, for objective 4,87 and for integrative 6,09 in as scale of 10. When calculating only the direct urban indicators the results were of 5, 6,67 and 5 for each of the above categories.
This method is a simple and useful tool to quantify happiness and may be used to evaluate the actual and achieve a better urban quality concentrated on the happiness of the citizens and further, to procedures of decision making, concerning future policies, plans and measures of improvement.  "

Background: City image is one of the urban environment concepts, which is the basis for any kind of individuals' decisions, actions and emotional reactions. This concept constitutes the objective and subjective representation of the urban environment, individuals' emotions toward it and branded image of the city in the audiences' mind. City image has been considered from different perspectives in various eras owing to the developments of scientific knowledge, and economic, political and social transformations. Objectives: The three modern, postmodern, and globalized periods owing to their circumstances and conditions focused on city image from different perspectives. Therefore, this research aims to examine the process of evolution of the concept of city image during the so-called periods. Methodology: The current research is a qualitative study which conducted descriptively and analytically. Results: Results indicate that the concept of city image has transformed during the so-called periods. In Modernism era, concepts such as image ability and readability emerged owing to the thoughts such as modern manipulation of physical space and too much attention to auto mobilization, concrete and physical factors. In the Postmodern era, the evaluative image of the urban environment seeks to extract environmental meanings and emotions from individuals' lived experiences phenomenological. With the onset of the Age of Communication, Globalization and competitiveness of cities, the use of information and communications, especially digital tools of city image, become prevalent which could attract capital, tourists and visitors as the main components of branding and marketing. Conclusion: Today, the image of the city is not a sheer physical concept prevalent in the modern era anymore. And, it is considered as one of the most significant components of marketing and branding in combination with communication and information technology. Highlights: Emotions and attitudes loyalty to a city the decision to go to a destination are rooted in the city image formed in audiences' minds from a place. City image as its brand evokes the material and spiritual values and assets of the city which plays an important role in economic development, increasing social capital and managing place.

Metropolitan Disorders In psychiatry, paranoia is an acute or generalized psycho- sis with variable causes determined by the context. In the urban context, it manifests itself through the perpetual conflict between local and general dynamics and identities, defined by Z. Baumann as a symptom of “urban restlessness”.
The text intends to diagnose the urban space with a critical method, analyzing the disturbances that characterize it and the be- behaviours that determine the cause, interpolating them with some emblematic examples.*