Unknown

The article focuses on the fear of unknown and its representation on medieval and renaissance maps (e.g. The Hereford Mappa Mundi [c. 1300], the map of Iceland f rom Theatrum Orbis Terrarum [1590] or The Map of New-England [1677]). By analysing the given examples, it is shown that maps should be read as texts of culture which function as a record of how unknown and indescribable space was perceived in the past. Apparently, foreign and distant lands were perceived as dangerous places inhab- ited by hostile tribes and guarded by sea monsters.

Les situations inconnues, i.e. jamais rencontrées ni anticipées, peuvent survenir lors de missions aérospatiales, comme dans le cas de la mission Apollo 13. Ainsi, l’équipage du premier vol habité vers Mars traitera probablement des situations inconnues (Orasanu, 2005) dans cet environnement potentiellement contraint, volatil et extrême tout en étant isolé de l’aide du centre de contrôle sol du fait des délais de communication. Or, un équipage ne peut pas être entrainé à traiter toutes les situations et a fortiori les situations inconnues (Noe, Dachner, Saxton et Keeton, 2011). Le présent travail de recherche est donc centré sur l’amélioration de la performance opérationnelle collective face à une situation inconnue en vol spatial habité vers Mars.La littérature étudiée (McLennan, Holgate, Omodei et Wearing, 2006 ; Noe et al., 2011) indique qu’une équipe partageant des expériences augmente sa compétence. En revanche, soit cette littérature est centrée sur une activité précise, soit elle ne discrimine pas les différents types d’expérience. De plus, la préparation d’une équipe pour réagir à une situation inconnue n’est pas abordée dans cette littérature. Potentiellement influencée par le partage d’expériences au niveau collectif, la métacognition est un levier reconnu d’augmentation de la performance en résolution de problèmes. La métacognition est définie comme la cognition sur la cognition (Flavell, 1979) et est modélisée en différentes étapes de raisonnement lors de résolutions de problèmes. Néanmoins, il n’est pas établi de lien entre d’une part le suivi de ces étapes ou leur mélange entre elles (i.e. la netteté métacognitive) et d’autre part l’amélioration de la performance opérationnelle collective en résolution de problème.Pour répondre à ces problématiques, un protocole spécifique (LETUCA) a été conduit durant vingt mois. Trois équipes stables ont été mises à l’épreuve de douze problèmes conçus pour ce travail ou adaptés de la littérature. La première a partagé un maximum d’expériences, la deuxième était constituée d’équipiers vivant les mêmes expériences, mais majoritairement séparément. La troisième n’a pas vécu d’expérience particulière. Ces trois équipes sont caractérisées selon les qualités des expériences vécues relativement à un entrainement fictif à l’inconnu. Ces qualités sont déterminées par des professionnels pouvant faire face collectivement à des situations inconnues.Les résultats obtenus soutiennent l’existence d’un lien entre le partage d’expériences diversifiées et de qualité et la performance opérationnelle collective en résolution de problèmes inconnus. L’étude de la métacognition permet de préciser ce lien : aucune relation n’est établie entre la performance et le suivi ou non du modèle de métacognition retenu. En revanche, un lien est confirmé entre les hautes valeurs de netteté métacognitive et l’augmentation de la performance opérationnelle. Finalement, l’ensemble des résultats permet de construire un modèle métacognitif collectif empirique en résolution de problème.

Este estudio es un comentario critico-metodologico que busca reivindicar el analisis de las obras de arte desde su materialidad misma, sin volcarse sobre las potencias de las vinculaciones que permiten los puentes conceptuales con discusiones abstractas de otros campos. El caso de Flaming Creatures resulta de particular interes por su misma naturaleza como pelicula, por su relevancia historica en diferentes frentes de la cultura y por su aguda y admirable irreverencia. Este estudio está centrado en una exploración argumental del impacto que produce la obra en los procesos mentales de la audiencia y las confrontaciones que le propone.

A prediction method is developed for the self-generated noise of an airfoil blade encountering smooth flow. The prediction methods for the individual self-noise mechanisms are semiempirical and are based on previous theoretical studies and data obtained from tests of two- and three-dimensional airfoil blade sections. The self-noise mechanisms are due to specific boundary-layer phenomena, that is, the boundary-layer turbulence passing the trailing edge, separated-boundary-layer and stalled flow over an airfoil, vortex shedding due to laminar boundary layer instabilities, vortex shedding from blunt trailing edges, and the turbulent vortex flow existing near the tip of lifting blades. The predictions are compared successfully with published data from three self-noise studies of different airfoil shapes. An application of the prediction method is reported for a large scale-model helicopter rotor, and the predictions compared well with experimental broadband noise measurements. A computer code of the method is given.

How might one theorize the limits of one’s knowledge without merely acknowledging that such limits are contingent upon one’s ways of learning-in-the-world? And what if one’s ways of learning—often disciplined into a discipline such as anthropology or philosophy—are prefigured so as to always reflect a type of (academic) reality, a system of knowing with its defined histories, methodologies, and goals? What’s left behind, that is, beyond such disciplinary knowledge? And to what end? Can the unknowable be defined, and if so, how? Can its existence, its ontological possibility, form a constitutive element of the human condition? Relatedly, if the unknowable is recognized as an element of the everyday, of our social and disciplinary practices, how will its existence relate to critical theory and the project(s) of the Left? To wit, will we know more, or better, about the world, our disciplines and ourselves by conceding our intrinsic “failure” to know all? If so, can the unknowable be structured within our theories and methodologies of knowing, or does our perception of the unknowable suggest that purely structural approaches to knowing-in-the-world cannot succeed?
The unknowable, often loosely described as that what is left behind (and yet remains) once we have chartered our lifeworlds, or lifeworlds of others we seek to know, is by no means a new concept. As I show in this essay, the unknowable has resurfaced as an idea in social anthropology and has found renewed salience in continental philosophy. Its application to political theory, on the other hand, holds the promise of resistance to the notion that politics is (ever) an ontology. In an eclectic survey of each of these fields of inquiry, I will endeavor to demonstrate that the unknowable is typically seen as a condition of reality—it’s a thing in that it is thinkable as thing or, for some, as things. My choice of authors and their disciplinary leanings is guided by their theoretical reliance on thing(s) and a certain cross-disciplinary structuralist tradition that regards reality as consisting of definable clusters—including the cluster of the unknowable. Perhaps this should be said right away: to me, a critique of the unknowable makes sense precisely inasmuch as it can reveal the failures of structuralism to account for reality’s ostensible clusters. Reality is messy and so is the unknowable. And, because of this, our disciplines are ultimately unable to deal with the unknowable in a structured, premeditative way. That’s not a bad thing. Instead, this simply shows that our disciplines are ripe for re-imagination and our critical pursuits in need of recalibration towards a much messier understanding of what can and what cannot be known.

Existing prediction techniques are compiled and described. The descriptions include input and output parameter lists, required equations and graphs, and the range of validity for each part of the prediction procedures. Examples are provided illustrating the analysis procedure and the degree of agreement with experimental results.

Buru, a huge and mysterious lizard, once dwelled with the Apatani tribe of Ziro valley but then they peculiarly disappeared, were they exterminated or they themself migrated nobody knows for sure. But their story attracted many researchers who tried arduously to discover their existence with no success. Then they started theorizing what Buru could be by relying on the description provided by the Apatani people.  Some put forth ideas like, Buru was a large Arapaima or a dinosaur like the stegosaurus.  Some theorised that it was a giant monitor lizard and some came up with idea that perhaps it was some new species never discovered yet. All theories tried to give cognizance of Buru, but can they describe the Buru truly?  By initiating a new research from the beginning while still focusing on previously given theories but with new findings, this article has been written to help readers to understand the reality of Buru more deeply. It gives new evidences and perception about Buru that Buru is a real living species, not a legend from folklore. It has just been surrounded by the fog of major misunderstandings that this article will try to clear .

Published by  Centre for Fortean Zoology in the yearbook 2022/2023

This article aims to bring organizational ignorance to the attention of management scholars and practitioners and thereby initiate the development of a managerial perspective on the unknown. Although managing every aspect of the unknown is beyond reach, the development of an appreciation of organizational ignorance can offer a valuable means of reflecting on management issues, particularly given the bounded rationality of organizational actors in contexts characterized by ever increasing supplies of knowledge and information, growing complexity, and the need to respond quickly to opportunities and challenges. The article begins with an account of why organizational ignorance warrants attention. The nature of ignorance and organizational ignorance is then considered and a typology of organizational ignorance is presented. The article concludes with a call for the development of a managerial perspective on the unknown, together with the elaboration of research questions that can usefully direct future investigations into organizational ignorance.
Keywords: Ignorance; Knowledge; Organizational Ignorance; Ignorance Management, the Unknown."""

Abstract
This article aims to introduce a small chapel in Oba-Alanya. The building is situated in the town of Çıplaklı in Oba near Alanya as so-called Kalonoros in the Byzantine period . Yet, it has not published.
The building has a rectangular plan with a single naved and is noteworthy for its non-figurative wall paintings are applied on a thick layer of mortar.
This article will focus on the architecture, wall paintings and dating problems of this building.

Critical Path Method (CPM), adalah metode untuk merencanakan dan mengawasi proyek-proyek merupakan sistem yang paling banyak dipergunakan diantara semua sistem lain yang memakai prinsip pembentukan jaringan. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi CV. Duta Bangunan apabila ke depannya menyelesaikan sebuah proyek tidak hanya di dasarkan pada pengalaman saja melainkan juga dapat menggunakan metode CPM sebagai solusi yang tepat dalam menentukan jadwal proyek serta alokasi dana proyek sehingga tidak terjadi keterlambatan dan pembengkakan biaya proyek, sehingga perusahaan pun mendapatkan keuntungan yang optimal. Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat diketahui bahwa pihak CV.Duta Bangunan memiliki umur proyek 19 minggu untuk merenovasi rumah dinas PTPN dan kegiatan yang berada pada jalur kritis proyek ini ialah kegiatan persiapan, kegiatan atap dan kegiatan finishing. Apabila pihak perusahaan melakukan percepatan kegiatan pada kegiatan yang...

This article discusses the tradition of the Ionian colonisation preserved in ancient liter- ary sources. The author focuses on the time and circumstances in which the view that the Atheni- ans were responsible for the Ionian colonisation emerged. He also examines whether there is any support in the sources for the opinion expressed by some historians that such a belief was already strong in the Archaic period.

If physics is a science that unveils the fundamental laws of nature, then the appearance of mathematical concepts in its language can be surprising or even mysterious. This was Eugene Wigner’s argument in 1960. I show that another approach tophysical theory accommodates mathematics in a perfectly reasonable way. To explore unknown processes or phenomena, one builds a theory from fundamental principles, employing them as constraints within a general mathematical framework. The rise ofsuch theories of the unknown, which I call blackbox models, drives home the unsurprising effectiveness of mathematics. I illustrate it on the examples of Einstein’s principle theories, the S-matrix approach in quantum field theory, effective field theories, and device-independent approaches in quantum information.

The aim of the study was to determine and compare 7th, 8th, and 9th grades students’ level of use and interpret
the literal symbols. In addition, students’ responses to questions that require use of different roles of literal
symbol were examined to identify the errors. For this purpose, Chelsea Diagnostics Algebra test developed by
The Concepts in Secondary Mathematics and Science (CSMS) research project was applied to total 407 students
from different grade. The results of the study could be summarized in three headings : i) The majority of the 7th
and 8th grade students had difficulty in using and interpreting literal symbols as generalized number, unknown
and variable whereas 9th grade students had some problems particularly in understanding variable role of the
literal symbols; ii) The performance of students’ using and interpreting literal symbols do not increase monotonously
with grade level and age; iii) Although the students’ tendency of assign number value for letters, ignoring
letters or considering letters as abbreviation of objects varies at different grade levels, this inclination decreased
towards upper grades. However, it was revealed that when the complexity level of questions raised, upper grade
level students displayed the mentioned behaviors.

From September 12-15, 1994, two midwave hyperspectral imagers (the Infrared Multispectral Sensor (IMSS) of Pacific Advanced Technology and the Livermore Imaging Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (LIFTIRS) of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) made measurements of particular patches of forest background and a Lockheed Santa Cruz Facility test stand at various times of day and observed the firing of the rocket engine

Excitation dynamics of polariton quantum fluctuations arising in direct-gap semi-conductor as a result of parametric decay of non-equilibrium polariton condensate with non-zero wave vector is studied. The predominant mechanism of polariton scattering is supposed to be exciton-exciton interaction. Steady state, which corresponds to the case of dynamic equilibrium between the polariton condensate and quantum fluctuations, is obtained. Distribution functions of non-condensate polaritons are localized in the resonant regions, corresponding to two-particle excitation of polaritons from the condensate. The spectrum of elementary excitations in steady state coincides with usual polariton energy with the shift proportional to initial density of polariton condensate.

Buddha Mind – Christ Mind. A Christian Commentary on the Bodhicaryāvatāra.
With a new translation by Ernst Steinkellner and Cynthia Peck-Kubaczek
Leuven: Peeters 2019, XXV, 586 pp., indices
On the Path to Liberation-through the Buddha Spirit and through the Christ Spirit The religious studies scholar and theologian Perry Schmidt-Leukel (University of Münster/Westphalia) has written a comprehensive "trans-religious" commentary on the Buddhistic Bodhicaryāvatāra which starts from and points beyond one's own Christian beliefs. He examines how Shantideva, the presumed author of this Buddhist text, explains the path of the strong-willed walking towards awakening. He discovers inner kinship structures between the "Spirit/Mind of the Buddha" and the "Spirit/Mind of the Christ". More than some people suspect, the path to awakening resembles the path of salvation of the Christian faith. The karmic merits of the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas should benefit all suffering beings.
Thus it becomes impressively clear that despite all the differences between Christian faith and Mahayana Buddhism, inter-religious bridge-building is possible.

Las “tierras incógnitas” son algo más que un objeto geográfico desconocido: son el fundamento mismo del saber geográfico, su razón de ser, aunque desde el momento mismo en que son enunciadas están condenadas a ser borradas; las tierras incógnitas son un categoría central en la historia de los saberes geográficos y sus significaciones han variado a lo largo del tiempo. En efecto, a pesar de constatar la notable permanencia de las terrae incognitae en la cartografía occidental moderna, fueron sistemáticamente escritas sobre enigmáticas superficies blancas, tales recurrencias no indican que las “tierras incógnitas” fueron algo estable. Pero todavía no se ha indagado lo suficiente como para reconocer todos los matices movilizados en esas diferentes formas de designar e inscribir lo desconocido en las cartografías.



Este libro aborda diferentes formas de concebir lo desconocido según sus modos de accesibilidad, sus técnicas de inscripción y sus dispositivos de visualización. Se examinan ciertos modos específicos de concebir lo desconocido que se relacionan íntimamente con los métodos de producción de conocimiento científico y con sus estrategias de legitimación: tanto la geometría, como el blanco como el vacío han provisto herramientas para transformar aquella aproximación intuitiva hacia lo desconocido -que se presentaba como algo que apenas podía ser nombrado a medias- en una relación intelectualmente articulada para la reflexión sobre lo desconocido. Aunque con variantes que todavía merecen ser explicadas (y este libro pretende ser un aporte en esa dirección), todas estas estrategias de inscripción cartográfica de lo desconocido vienen coexistiendo: articulan diversas prácticas epistemológicas, gráficas y estéticas que se combinan en grados variables para hacer de lo desconocido un dispositivo flexible que permite tender un puente aceptable hacia los desafíos que encarnan las geografías incógnitas.










Almost all modern maps have inscriptions that designate terrae incognitae (or similar expressions) and small or large blank areas that seem to be “holes”. Unknown geographies have always existed and, although we can recognize them with relative ease on maps, we still know very little about theoretical, conceptual, historical and aesthetic the shades that implied to represent geographies as “Unknown” in modern times. The book Terrae Incognitae: Ways of Thinking and Mapping Unknown Geographies analyzes certain specific ways of expressing the Unknown on maps, assuming that the graphic representation of it is intimately related to the methods of production of scientific knowledge and with its strategies of legitimation.



Most of the books that touch on the subject of the Unknown in geography or cartography focus on a specific period or geographical object. This project, on the contrary, is an attempt to think of the unknown as a crucial category in the history of the geographical tradition and a persistent though mutable category omnipresent throughout the history of the geographical imagination. The book aims to analyze historical maps in order to provide conceptual and methodological tools to transform that intuitive approach towards the Unknown into a critical perspective from which to analyze what constitutes “unknown geographies” in different contexts, and what a blank space on a map suggested at different historical periods.

This paper highlights two of the ways in which an abundance of frequent and high-quality information can nonetheless lead an economic agent to failure. I begin with the problem of frequent information, continue with the problem of abundant high-quality information, and end with a general reflection about the lesson these two problems may offer for economic geographical scholarship.