Telecoms

Subsea cables are the global backbone of the Internet, connecting people, businesses, and economies around the world. They connect us to the cloud, deliver streaming video, and increase efficiency and productivity for business. Subsea cables’ importance is all the more apparent during the Covid19 pandemic when many of us have switched to working from home, remote learning, and online gaming and entertainment.

We studied the economic impact of subsea cables and broadband connectivity on the DRC. Landing in 2012, the DRC’s sole cable led to transformational effects, increasing productivity and efficiency, leading to significant impacts on employment and economic growth.

This article presents some of the past and current
difficulties in the delineation of competencies between the
Greek national regulatory authority and the Greek national
competition authority and pleads for the need to overcome
them. It also proposes the adoption of a statutory collaboration scheme, which the two authorities should be required to apply until the liberalisation of the relevant sector has been completed, and the competency for the ex post review of competition law compliance returns to the national
competition authority.

Over a decade, the issue of Net Neutrality has become one of the never-ending topics in Internet Policy. The concept of Net Neutrality involve with the principles of non-discrimination, which contains at least two modules; freedom of access and quality of service.  With reference to this matter, Net Neutrality is about ensuring that the access of users in all content on the Internet should not be track or limit from any Internet Service Providers.
          On the other hand, one of the undeniable reasons provided by ISP is that there are Internet users such as developers or content providers, who consume a massive bandwidth while paying same tariff as normal users. Due to the fact that the architecture of the Internet is designed when there are only providers and end-users, when digital convergence occurs, there is no rule or tradition that can support in term of dealing with applications and contents that run on the Internet.  Another vital factor is rapid technological development. During the last few years digital technology continues to evolve, and to become omnipresent as it can be seen in smart phones where users can access to the Internet via these mobile devices. Now many electronic companies also introduce smart TV or hybrid TV where the Internet is integrated into these televisions. This means the way to access to the Internet will be wider and easier compare with the time when the Internet was introduced. As a consequence, more bandwidth will be consumed, which leads to the fact that more cost need to be invested according to ISP point of view. As a result, this consequence leads to a deadlock solution. Furthermore the issue of Net Neutrality involves not only legal area, but also affect economic.
          Thailand as a developing country has now trying to invest a solid foundation of telecommunication. It is true that now the issue of discrimination from ISP still not occurs. However, due to the fact that Net Neutrality is becoming an issue that many topflight countries still struggle. What is this dissertation is attempt to achieve is to analyze the problems and solutions of Net Neutrality by reference to the position in the United State and European Union in order to evaluate recommendation for Thailand telecommunication regulator to prepare for dealing with this future challenge.

— This design project outlines the procedure and considerations of designing a wireless network for a low-population state, Cross River State, in Nigeria. Considerations were given on the state capital, comprising the largest metropolitan area in the state. Surrounding sections of Calabar that made up the high population density (suburban) areas were also considered. These include traffic on the high way and the rural communities; covering a distance of 300km. Traffic capacity, path losses, and signal quality were examined and redesigned using known parameters in order to achieve optimal network for subscribers along the trajectory of the state. The study, attempts to use the minimum equipment possible to improve delivery of quality service, while still taking aggressive population growth into account. The conclusion drawn from this design indicated the hardware units required to cover the investigated area. From the design, 358 units of Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) were determined; while 23 units of Base Switching Centers (BSCs), and 3 units of Main Switching Centers (MSCs) were required. The cell area, transmission cell radius and other hardware items for the urban, suburban and rural areas were presented.

The designers of telecommunications networks deployed by power grid operators face a number of challenges owing to the very diverse types of traffic carried over them and the differing Quality of Service needs that are associated with each type of traffic stream. This paper gives an overview of the characteristics of the typical traffic streams that a power grid telecoms network must carry, particularly in terms of latency, bandwidth and jitter requirements. It looks at various network architectures that are best suited to carry them, analyses potential issues that may arise and offers solutions on how to overcome them. Finally, the future development of the grid is examined, in the context how its architecture will change with
the proliferation of micro-generation sites, such as households with solar panels, small wind turbines, and electric car batteries. Since this change will hugely affect the network technology, the paper examines the potential results on grid telecoms network ownership and operation.

In prepaid markets where the majority of subscribers own more than one SIM card, it is only through nationally-representative surveys that accurate and disaggregated data can be collected. Nationally-representative demand-side surveys are the only means through which reliable estimates on gender, urban-rural ratios and income groups can be drawn. In 2017, Research ICT Africa (RIA) conducted the After Access Survey as part of a 20-country Global South survey in Nigeria and six other African countries: Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa and Tanzania. The Survey in Nigeria demonstrates that a significant portion of Nigerians (71%) do not use the Internet while 36 percent do not have mobile phones. Among the surveyed countries, Nigeria ranks second in Internet penetration, behind South Africa, though the penetration level in Nigeria is still low at 29 percent, not much more than half that of South Africa. The main barriers to Internet use in Nigeria are affordability, web li...

E-Business is increasingly reshaping the way businesses operate across the globe. Globally, businesses in the banking and telecoms sectors have been re-engineering their value chains by adopting e-Business presence by means of dot com launches. The second half of the 1990s, however, saw both the rise and subsequent collapse of dot com entities as a major focus of investment interest, with consequent speculation over the viability of this corporate vehicle. The perceived increase in market capitalisation by means of these ventures during the boom period is now not so certain. In this paper, we report the results of a preliminary study which investigated the impact of dot com launches on market capitalisation within the banking and telecoms sectors of Australia and India.

Most mobile telecoms operators are aware that fraud is a costly business. A single handset, for example, used for two international conference calls at US$2 per minute, could generate losses of around US$8,000 in just one day, increasing to $57,000 for a week. In one recorded incident, over $800.000 was lost to fraud using just five handsets over a weekend.Despite the many measures already being taken to combat fraud, it is on the  increase. Newer operators are especially
vulnerable 'due to the requirement  (often by shareholders) to gain new
customers rapidly, leaving little time for careful credit management and
customer screening. A novel neural network approach is described that learns to detect patterns of potential fraud.  Early criticisms, relating to the lack of explanatory information on how a neural computer performs its task, have now been overcome. Techniques can be used to identify which input variables have the largest effect on a particular decision or prediction. Furthermore, neural computers can now be structured to incorporate prior expert knowledge and present results in a form that is meaningful to human users. In the fraud detection application, neural 'models' are trained to perform  anomaly detection, i.e. detection of unusual calls based on previously observed behaviour.