Sexual Crime

Συστηματική ανάλυση και ερμηνεία των άρθρων 336 - 353 του Νέου Ποινικού Κώδικα για τις αξιόποινες πράξεις κατά της γενετήσιας ελευθερίας.

Ο Νέος Ποινικός Κώδικας (2019) επέφερε σημαντικές αλλαγές στο σεξουαλικό ποινικό δίκαιο, με προσθήκες νέων εγκλημάτων και με μεταβολές άλλων. Το παρόν έργο αποτελεί τη μοναδική σύγχρονη, πλήρη και συστηματική ερμηνεία των άρθρων 336 - 353 του Νέου ΠΚ η οποία στηρίζεται σε μια εξαντλητική νομολογιακή και θεωρητική τεκμηρίωση. Προσφέρει έτσι στον εφαρμοστή (Δικαστή, Εισαγγελέα, Δικηγόρο) αλλά και τον θεωρητικό του δικαίου ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο δουλειάς. Η δεύτερη έκδοση του έργου είναι πλήρως αναθεωρημένη και ενημερωμένη με τις τελευταίες εξελίξεις στη νομοθεσία, τη νομολογία και την επιστήμη.
Στο σύντομο Γενικό Μέρος αναπτύσσονται θεμελιώδεις έννοιες, όπως η γενετήσια πράξη και χειρονομία ή τα προστατευόμενα έννομα αγαθά. Στο Ειδικό Μέρος ερμηνεύονται διεξοδικά οι ισχύουσες διατάξεις, με αφετηρία το ιστορικό, κοινωνικό, υπερνομοθετικό και συγκριτικό πλαίσιο διαμόρφωσής τους. Στη συνέχεια αναλύονται, ένα προς ένα, τα στοιχεία του εγκλήματος: η αντικειμενική και η υποκειμενική υπόσταση, οι τυχόν διακεκριμένες μορφές, τα ζητήματα απόπειρας και συμμετοχής, η προβλεπόμενη ποινική κύρωση, οι συνήθεις περιπτώσεις συρροής καθώς και, τέλος, οι ιδιαιτερότητες της ποινικής δίωξης. Η ερμηνεία αξιοποιεί δημιουργικά και ενίοτε κριτικά την ελληνική, εν πρώτοις, αλλά και την αλλοδαπή νομολογία και θεωρία, αποβλέποντας στην πλήρη και αντικειμενική πληροφόρηση του αναγνώστη και προτείνοντας συγκεκριμένες λύσεις. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίδεται στη νομολογία του Αρείου Πάγου με επιλεκτική παράθεση αποσπασμάτων κρίσιμων αποφάσεων.
Για την ενίσχυση της πρακτικής κατεύθυνσης του έργου έχουν περιληφθεί το κείμενο του εκάστοτε άρθρου, καθώς και επεξηγηματικοί πίνακες, ενώ κρίσιμοι όροι επισημαίνονται ειδικά, με έντονα γράμματα. Τέλος, πέρα από το συνοπτικό διάγραμμα και τον αναλυτικό πίνακα περιεχομένων το έργο συμπληρώνεται από κατάλογο ελληνικής και ξένης βιβλιογραφίας και βοηθητικά ευρετήρια (λημμάτων και άρθρων του ΠΚ).
«Το παρόν έργο κυκλοφορεί με ενημερωτικό συμπλήρωμα στο οποίο παρουσιάζονται οι μεταβολές που επέφερε ο ν. 4855/2021 στις διατάξεις του Ποιν. Κώδικα για τα σεξουαλικά εγκλήματα. Αναλύονται όλες οι ουσιώδεις τροποποιήσεις διατάξεων και οι προσθήκες νέων, σε σχέση με το κυρίως έργο, με πρόσθετη νομολογία και κριτικό σχολιασμό των νομοθετικών αλλαγών.»

The aim of this article is to review crime-scene examination and forensic investigation in sexual crimes, which have an important place among crimes against humanity. The application of forensic sciences starts at the crime scene, and crime-scene examination and forensic investigation are important in solving sexual-crime cases. During the forensic examination, DNA analysis provides the most significant evidence. Biological evidence, particularly DNA, is of primary importance and is most helpful in sexual-violence cases. Obtaining evidence immediately is indispensible for delivering criminals to justice and redressing victims’ losses. If the individuals involved in the incident cannot be located, the DNA extracted from the evidence cannot be compared to those individuals’ DNA samples. At this point, the importance of DNA banks comes to the fore. As is true of other crimes, DNA databanks are a necessity for fighting sexual crimes. One of the most significant deficits in Turkey’s crime-fighting arsenal is the non existence of such DNA databanks.
Keywords: crime-scene, sexual crime, DNA, victim

There is an ongoing debate on whether consumers of pornography pose a high risk for sexually aggressive behaviour. There have been few studies which have analyzed the association between the consumption of pornography and the subsequent increase in sexual violence. However, there are few studies which refute those findings. Hence, this study aims to examine the relationship between the consumption of pornography and the subsequent increase in sexual violence. 

This article attempts not to make a definitive position but rather to examine the available evidence to test the hypothesis of consumption of pornography and the subsequent increase in sexual violence. 

The current study explored association with the secondary published data of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), about the incidence of rape rate over a period of four decades. The available data was divided into two time periods pre-liberalisation and post-liberation to examine the effect of availability of pornography over the internet and crime rate. Present study also looked into relationship between the occurrences of crime against women (such as sexual harassment, molestation, immoral trafficking and crime rate) and pornography.

(Eng)  This paper grasps academic intentions of Bourdieu’s critical sociology, and discusses its practical feasibility. Bourdieu points out the academic error of “theoretical reason” common in both subjectivism and objectivism theory. He argues that theorists can overcome such an error; theorists may establish more objective sociological theories by conducting reflexive work on themselves. Bourdieu suggests that he can objectify the pre-reflexive acts and “doxic experience” of actors in his theories, called “reflexive sociology” or “field analysis theory.” They guarantee objectivity through which actors can realize social truth, the cause of pain. These intentions imply the premise of the theorist’s epistemological superiority.
  I embody Bourdieu’s argument, and seek how his emancipatory interest can exert a liberating effect in the practitioner’s practice space. In order to do this, I ask three questions: “Can theorists abandon the epistemological superiority of intellectuals?” “Can a synthetic social theory actually be able to carry out the critique?” and “What should we do to offer criticism as a sociologist?” I apply Bourdieu’s theory to the case of “sexual harassment by Pastor Byung-Wook Jeon,” a representing sexual crime case in Korean Protestantism. By analyzing Bourdieu’s concepts such as “habitus, illusio, field, symbolic capital, and symbolic violence” revealed in the Jeon’s sexual crime case, it can be understood that Bourdieu’s theory is an academically excellent explanatory framework.
  However, there are four difficulties that theorists with interest in liberation confront in having a conversation with actors, apart from the explanatory power of the theory. They reveal how demanding it is for the critical work of theory to have a liberating effect on the world of practice, and achieve substantive change. The four challenges are as followed: The fact that the interest of theorists and actors differs in the first place, the fact that actors cannot accept the concepts and terms used in the sociology discipline as well as theorists do, and that actors do not easily accept the epistemological superiority of theorists. Finally, even if actors practiced as taught by theorists, liberal change is not guaranteed to be made.
  I take a step further and attempt to rebut criticisms presented above on the Bourdieu logic. Bourdieu argues the possibility to start an open dialogue with actors by employing their interest with his research method called “participant objectivation,” translating academic terms into everyday terms used by actors. This method could be more effective as theorists could guide the direction of conversation towards liberation. In this way, actors may understand the concepts as well as theorists do. In addition, the actors whom Bourdieu encountered evidence Bourdieu’s claims, since they acknowledged his academic authority and epistemological superiority as a theorist, and expressed gratitude to him. Bourdieu sets the objective criteria for liberation by specifically suggesting “relational, linguistic, and situational conditions” that enable the society to be liberated through sociology.
Still, the fundamental limitations of the theory remain. Actors may not pay attention to the theorists’ interests and practices, and reject objectification interventions internally or externally. Furthermore, the liberating effect that Bourdieu desires requires pre-achievement of many conditions that cannot be acquired at the same time. In the end, in order for actors to accept the authority that theorists behold, and to undergo liberating experience, they must rely on the contingency created by human beings and their social world. Therefore, a theory is a mere dialogue as a part of conversation, and the only thing that theorists can do is to communicate with actors. What actors choose, at the end, is a matter of persuasion.

(Kor)  본 논문은 부르디외의 비판 사회학이 가진 학문적 의도를 파악하고, 그 의도의 실질적 실현 가능성을 논증한다. 부르디외는 주관주의와 객관주의 이론이 공통적으로 가진 ‘이론적 이성’(theoretical reason)이라는 학문적 오류를 지적하면서, 이론가가 스스로에 대한 성찰적 작업을 해야만 보다 객관적인 사회학 이론을 정립할 수 있다고 주장한다. 부르디외는 객관성을 담보한 ‘성찰적 사회학’ 혹은 ‘장 분석 이론’으로 불리는 자신의 이론으로 행위자들의 전성찰적인 행위와 ‘독사적 경험’(doxic experience)을 객관화하여, 행위자들이 사회적 진실과 고통의 원인을 깨닫게 할 수 있다고 생각한다. 그러한 의도에는 이론가의 ‘인식론적 우월성’이라는 전제가 내포되어 있다.
연구자는 부르디외의 논의를 따라가면서 그의 해방적 이해 관심이 행위자의 실천 영역에서 얼마나 해방의 효과를 발휘할 수 있는지 확인하고자 한다. 이를 위해 ‘지식인의 인식론적 우월성을 버릴 수 있는가?’, ‘실제로 종합적 비판 사회 이론이 비판을 수행할 수 있는가?’, ‘사회학자로서 비판을 수행하기 위해서는 어떻게 해야 하는가?’라는 세 가지 문제의식을 제기하고, 한국 개신교의 대표적 성범죄 사건인 ‘전병욱 목사 성추행 사건’을 연구 대상으로 삼아 부르디외의 이론을 적용해보고, 분석한다. ‘하비투스, 일루지오, 장, 상징 자본과 상징 폭력’과 같은 개념들을 ‘전병욱 목사 성추행 사건’에 대입하여 분석함으로써 부르디외 이론이 학문적으로 탁월한 설명 틀임을 확인할 수 있다.
  하지만 이론가가 해방적 이해 관심을 가지고 행위자와의 대화를 진행하면서 겪게 되는 네 가지 난점은 이론의 현실 설명력과는 별개로 이론의 비판적 작업이 실천 세계에 해방적 영향을 미치고 실질적인 변화까지 달성하기가 얼마나 어려운 것인지 밝혀준다. 여기서 네 가지 난점이란 ‘이론가와 행위자의 이해 관심이 애초에 다르다는 점, 행위자가 사회학 학문 장에서 사용되는 개념과 용어를 이론가만큼 잘 수용할 수 없다는 점, 이론가가 전제하는 인식론적 우월성을 행위자가 쉽게 받아들이지 않는다는 점, 마지막으로 행위자가 이론가의 가르침대로 실천한다 해도 실제로 해방적 변화가 도래하기 어렵다는 점’이다.
연구자는 한 발 더 나가 앞서 제기된 비판점들에 대해 부르디외의 논리로 재반박을 시도한다. 부르디외의 입장에서는 ‘참여 객관화’라는 자신만의 연구 방법으로 행위자와 얼마든지 이해 관심을 연동하여 개방적인 대화를 시작할 수 있고, 학문적 용어를 행위자가 사용하는 일상적 용어로 번역하고 대화의 전략도 해방을 유도하는 방향으로 바꾼다면 얼마든지 이론가의 개념을 행위자가 납득할 수 있다는 것이다. 뿐만 아니라 부르디외가 실제로 만난 행위자들은 이론가의 학문적 권위와 인식론적 우월함을 인정하고 그에게 감사를 표현함으로써 부르디외 이론을 지지하는 증거가 된다. 그리고 부르디외는 사회학을 통해 해방된 사회가 가능하다고 주장하면서 이를 가능케 하는 ‘관계적 · 언어적 · 상황적 조건’을 구체적으로 제시하여 객관적인 해방의 기준을 설정하고 있다.
  그럼에도 근본적인 한계는 남는다. 행위자는 여전히 이론가의 관심과 실천에 대해 귀 기울이지 않으며, 학자의 객관화 개입을 내적으로나 외적으로 거부할 것이기 때문이다. 그리고 부르디외가 희망하는 해방의 효과는 ‘동시에 달성될 수 없는 수많은 조건의 선이행’을 요구한다. 결국, 행위자가 이론가의 권위를 받아들이고 실제로 해방적 경험을 하려면, 인간이라는 존재와 이들이 형성하는 실천 세계가 가진 우연적 특성에 의존할 수밖에 없다. 그러므로 이론은 하나의 대화이며, 이론가는 행위자와 대화를 이어나갈 수 있을 뿐이다. 행위자가 어떤 선택을 하는가는 설득의 문제인 것이다.

Pédophilie, viols, pédopornographie sur internet… Vous êtes consterné quand de tels faits émaillent l’actualité et vous vous dîtes : « mais comment on peut faire ça, à une femme, à un enfant ? » Cet ouvrage va vous aider à comprendre « comment on peut (en arriver à) faire ça ». En une série de courts chapitres, faciles à lire, vous allez apprendre un tas de choses intéressantes concernant la délinquance et la criminalité sexuelles. Vous saurez que délits et crimes sexuels sont d’abord un fait masculin et un fait universel. Vous découvrirez les caractéristiques du harcèlement sexuel, des attentats sexuels, de la pédophilie (on se demandera s’il existe une orientation sexuelle pédophile ? Qu’est-ce qui explique l’étrange attirance sexuelle de tant d’adultes envers les enfants ?), de l’inceste, du viol, du sado-masochisme, des perversions. Un premier test vous permettra de découvrir vos croyances en la matière. Puis, vous en apprendrez sur l’addiction sexuelle, la masturbation, chez l’enfant, l’adolescent, l’adulte et d’où vient que la sexualité peut être utilisée comme une drogue. Vous découvrirez aussi les dessous de la sexualité, les fantaisies sexuelles, comment elles sont construites et à quoi elles servent. Vous allez comprendre ce que sont les « egosexualités », ces penchants sexuels propres à chacun de nous, qui représentent une créativité intime, parfois difficile à partager « entre adultes consentants ». Vous comprendrez alors, très clairement, les liens entre délits ou crimes sexuels et l’addictivité fantasmatique et sexuelle au quotidien. Vous saurez tout sur la législation, en France, en matière de délinquance et criminalité sexuelles, avec les versions les plus récentes des textes de loi. Que faire ? La prévention de la délinquance et criminalité sexuelles, et le soin, seront abordés. Pour terminer, nous vous proposons une série de tests, pour savoir si vous courrez un risque en matière de délit ou crime sexuel. Cet ouvrage se termine par une imposante bibliographie, pour aller encore plus loin…

Whenever a sexual crime is committed in a gruesome manner it is generally mystified with
psychological crime. Conversely, sexual crime and psychological crime are different in their
action and commission. To understand the difference between the two it is necessary to study the
detail of these crime and criminals. Sexual crimes mean a crime involving sexual assault like,
incest, rape, child assault and sodomy whereas psychological crime involves, insanity,
Schizophrenia, split-personality, unsoundness of mind and pschopathy. Motive plays the most
important role to analyze any crime and in both the cases motive is different. In sexual crime
motive is usually lust, obsession, pleasure, fun, revenge and sometimes abnormal behavior,
whereas in psychological crime it is always a disease due to which offender commits offence not
with any motive. Sexual criminals have remorse and they also try to hide their act while
psychological criminals do not have any remorse and they do not hide their act. Moreover,
sexual criminals understand the consequence of their act but psychological criminals are not
aware of it. Similarly sexual criminals can make out the difference between right and wrong
whereas psychological criminals fail to understand this. There must be clear bifurcation between
the two in the society for the better understanding. It is pertinent to discuss the judicial response
in this regard. It is difficult to make an estimate of criminal behaviour of persons with mental
disorders with precision because of the difficulty in obtaining reliable data. Thereby making the
understanding of sexual and psychological crime is a challenging task.

"Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts ist der Lustmörder eine kulturelle Ikone. Am rasanten Aufstieg dieser Figur sind Kriminologen, Psychiater und Literaten gleichermaßen beteiligt. In wissenschaftlichen und literarischen Fallgeschichten erzählen sie vom Lustmord als einer allgegenwärtigen Gefahr, in deren Ausgrenzung sich eine Gesellschaft ihre eigenen Gesetze und Normen vorzuschreiben versucht.         
Vor diesem Hintergrund rekonstruiert dieses Buch die Entstehung kriminologischen Wissens im Schnittfeld von Wissenschaft und Literatur. Dem Lustmord kommt dabei eine Schlüsselrolle zu: Seine besondere Spektakularität trägt nicht nur zur Veranschaulichung und Popularisierung kriminologischer Konzepte bei, sie ist auch ein wesentlicher Bestandteil ihrer Epistemologie."

Evaluating patterns of sexual violence against young people across the world in the era of the #MeToo movement presents great opportunities for research and practice but also challenges. The aim of this article is to critically assess an internet-based methodology employed in a comparative study conducted with university students in 18 different cities, in six continents. While our main purpose is to examine the methodological aspects of this study, the article also presents briefly its major findings and discusses compiled recommendations to curb sexual violence in some of the most important transit systems in the world. Findings show that sexual violence in transit environments is a common occurrence globally, is highly underreported, and ranges considerably from one city to the other, and between gender groups. Lessons from this study suggest that it is crucial to use identical research tools and choose partners who can ensure that research tasks are undertaken on time, ethically...

Cinsel suç oranlarında son yıllarda büyük bir artış gözlemlenmeye başlanmıştır ve bu da çocuklara yönelik olan cinsel istismar konusu hakkında çeşitli çalışmaların yapılmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı en güncel araştırma bulgularıyla beraber cinsel şiddet olgusunu psikolojik bir bakış açısıyla incelemek ve bu konuyla ilgili sorunlara değinmektir. Önce cinsel şiddet kavramı tartışılmış ve cinsel istismarın yaygınlık oranları incelenmiştir. Failin sosyodemografik özelliklerine ve kişiyi suça yönelten risk faktörlerine değinilip suçun mağdurda bıraktığı kısa ve uzun dönemli psikolojik etkiler tartışılmıştır. Konular tartışılırken genellikle yeni olan bulgularla beraber sorunlar belirtilerek bunlar için öneriler verilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Tout le monde sait que le crime est mauvais et que la société le condamne avec la plus grande rigueur. Il se retrouve, juste après l´infraction et le délit, au troisième rang des classes d´actes repréhensibles dont l´individu se rend coupable et que la loi punit. Il est donc passible des peines de privation de liberté allant jusu´à la peine de mort en passant par la perte des droits civils et politiques tout dépend de la société dans laquelle il a été perpétré et de la législation en vigueur. Néanmoins, le pir demeure le silence qui plane sur le crime par une quelconque preuve de faiblesse ou de complicité d´une instance étatique ou de la société. C´est évident que le silence du crime ou le crime silencieux promeuvent l´impunité et l´injustice sociale. Le scandale sexuel qui a frappé l´organisation humanitaire britanique Oxfam ces dernières semaines en Haiti en est un exemple frappant. C´est autour de lui que nous allons articuler nos réflexions à partir de ces deux notions. Le silence du crime et le crime silencieux, c´est quoi? Le silence du crime et le crime silencieux n´ont pas le même sens ni la même connotation, donc une différence de taille les distingue. En effet, ce qu´on pourrait appeler crime silencieux, c´est-à-dire le crime qui ne se parle pas, ne se communique pas, ne se divulgue pas, mais se confine dans les coulisses, est un crime parfait parce qu´il s´exécute à l´insu de témoins oculaires, alors que le silence du crime désigne le crime sur lequel on se tait ou qu´on force à taire. Bien qu´on ne sache pas encore si, d´un point de vue théorique, les deux termes existent, le silence du crime est un acte immoral, antisocial et condamnable qui n´a jamais été dénoncé ni dévoilé ni condamné même s´il se sait de tout le monde: du plus commun des mortel aux autorités compétentes en passant par les familles et les cercles amicaux. Le crime silencieux est donc discrétionnaire et enveloppé dans le plus parfait secret. En fait, ce dernier est, jusqu´à preuve du contraire, le plus dangereux pour la société. La connaissance d´un crime se circule entre les pairs avant d´être partagée au milieu de la communauté et des familles pour enfin aboutir aux oreilles des autorités compétentes. Or, le crime silencieux fait fi de tout cela.

RESUMEN En este artículo se pasa revista y se analizan los distintos factores que contribuyeron a la construcción de un discurso homofóbico por parte de la sociedad europea a partir del siglo XIII. Se centra la aten-ción especialmente en la homosexualidad masculina.
ABSTRACT This article reviews and analyzes the different factors that contributed to the construction of a homo-phobic discourse in European society beginning in the thirteenth century. Attention particularly centers upon masculine homosexuality.
SUMARIO: 1. Hitos cronológicos del rechazo de la homosexualidad. 2. La construcción del discurso homofóbico. 2.1. El modelo sexual de la civilización europea medieval. 2.2. El concepto de contra natura en la sociedad medieval. 2.3. La relación entre pecado y delito en la justicia penal medieval. 2.4 El peligro del castigo divino. 2.5. Los enemigos de la sociedad: musulmanes y herejes. 2.6. La crisis demográfica medieval. 3. Conclusión. 4. Apéndice bibliográfico. 5. Apéndice documental.

This paper investigates how individuals perceive hyperbole in victim statements. Despite being one of the most commonly used literary tropes, the comprehension and cognition of hyperbole has been largely ignored in the psycholinguistics literature, and despite detailed literature outlining the emotional behaviour of victims, the use of figurative language has been largely ignored in the forensics literature. In the present study, two experiments were undertaken. In Experiment 1, 32 participants were recruited from groups with forensic experience or training. Participants were presented with 16 victim statements; eight contained a number of hyperbolic phrases and eight contained non-hyperbolic counterparts. After reading each statement, participants were asked to answer questions that would quantify perceived credibility on accounts of belief, sympathy, victim-impact, and likeability. The results from Experiment 1 showed that hyperbolic speech made a significant negative impact on all four credibility measures. In Experiment 2, 32 jury-eligible individuals performed the same task. Results from this experiment demonstrated that the use of hyperbole made testimonies more believable and made the victim seem more impacted. Results are discussed in terms of the real-world implications of using hyperbolic language, and individual differences in the comprehension of, and reaction to, figurative statements.

Le si moderne hachtag Balancetonporc fait écho à plusieurs situations que nous aurons l'occasion de décliner en trois vidéos : #Balancetonporc dans le village de Deir el-Médineh où habitaient les ouvriers qui construisirent et décorèrent les tombes des pharaons ; #Balancetonporc chez les embaumeurs égyptiens, qui n'aurait pas pu mieux porter son nom, et #Balancetonporc chez les dieux égyptiens qui me permet aujourd'hui de vous proposer une sélection des pires exactions sexuelles commises par quatre grands dieux…

Subtitles available in English and Arabic.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDoKfL6PxkI&ab_channel=ToutankaTube

#ToutankaTube #Balancetonporc #Egypte #EgypteAntique #EgypteAncienne #Egyptologie #Divinité #Dieu #Déesse #Osiris #Seth #Horus #Geb #Isis #harcèlement #Egyptologue #Histoire #Antiquité #archéologie #civilisation #Religion #Panthéon #chaîneYT #chaîneYouTube #Educationnationale #papyrus #sitestoquedantiquitetasqualikertoutankatube #AmandineMarshall

En este artículo se analiza la creación y reglamentación de dos grandes biobancos nacionales en la Argentina: el Banco Nacional de Datos Genéticos y el Registro Nacional de Datos Genéticos vinculado a delitos sexuales (1987-2017). El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar los hilos comunes de ambos procesos, a pesar de la distancia temporal entre uno y otro. El proceso analizado a partir de los debates legislativos reconstruye los acuerdos y controversias que durante treinta años formaron parte de una discusión común: cómo articular desde el Estado la utilización de técnicas de ADN al servicio de los derechos humanos, conforme la diversificación de demandas del activismo de las víctimas y las crecientes exigencias internacionales de estandarización de estas técnicas para la investigación judicial. La solución que se impuso fue el proceso de diferenciación y división del trabajo que llevó a la creación de dos bancos separados para responder, a la vez, a distintos colectivos de víctimas, sin desentonar con las exigencias internacionales, pero cuyo efecto fue el de reforzar la figura del “ciudadano - víctima”. En este decurso, el trabajo muestra el rol central del activismo de las víctimas - y sus articulaciones globales- para instalar socialmente reclamos tanto de reparación, como de castigo, motorizar reformas penales punitivistas e imponer un nuevo régimen de verdad para la sociedad en general y la justicia en particular: el de la prueba genética.

Evaluating patterns of sexual violence against young people across the world in the era of the #MeToo movement presents great opportunities for research and practice but also challenges. The aim of this article is to critically assess an internet-based methodology employed in a comparative study conducted with university students in 18 different cities, in six continents. While our main purpose is to examine the methodological aspects of this study, the article also presents briefly its major findings and discusses compiled recommendations to curb sexual violence in some of the most important transit systems in the world. Findings show that sexual violence in transit environments is a common occurrence globally, is highly underreported, and ranges considerably from one city to the other, and between gender groups. Lessons from this study suggest that it is crucial to use identical research tools and choose partners who can ensure that research tasks are undertaken on time, ethically...

Abstract This paper investigates how individuals perceive hyperbole in victim statements. Despite being one of the most commonly used literary tropes, the comprehension and cognition of hyperbole has been largely ignored in the psycholinguistics literature, and despite detailed literature outlining the emotional behaviour of victims, the use of figurative language has been largely ignored in the forensics literature. In the present study, two experiments were undertaken. In Experiment 1, 32 participants were recruited from groups with forensic experience or training. Participants were presented with 16 victim statements; eight contained a number of hyperbolic phrases and eight contained non-hyperbolic counterparts. After reading each statement, participants were asked to answer questions that would quantify perceived credibility on accounts of belief, sympathy, victim-impact, and likeability. The results from Experiment 1 showed that hyperbolic speech made a significant negative impact on all four credibility measures. In Experiment 2, 32 jury-eligible individuals performed the same task. Results from this experiment demonstrated that the use of hyperbole made testimonies more believable and made the victim seem more impacted. Results are discussed in terms of the real-world implications of using hyperbolic language, and individual differences in the comprehension of, and reaction to, figurative statements.

When rugby league star Blake Ferguson was arrested and charged with indecent assault in June 2013, for squeezing the vagina of a woman at a Cronulla night spot, the story made headlines around the country. It was the first sexual crime involving a National Rugby League (NRL) player to be reported since Brett Stewart was acquitted of sexual assault in 2010, and reporting of previous cases had focused largely on footballers’ attitudes towards women, women’s behaviour towards footballers, and the use of alcohol.
Using mixed methods discourse and narrative analysis of news articles published in rugby league states, this paper shows that the first two weeks of media reporting created a frame for the case that had nothing to do with sexual crime, attitudes towards women, or gender relations. Although Ferguson had a history of inappropriate behaviour towards women, and alcohol abuse, the alcohol frame was almost unanimously chosen, most often marginalising the sexual crime and Ferguson’s actual victim to the point of erasure. In contrast to reporting of previous cases, the focus was overwhelmingly on the impact on Ferguson’s career, his wellbeing and the game (including teammates, fans and the NRL). The primacy of sport in the coverage, and use of language in representing the case, impedes serious consideration of problematic attitudes towards women and the seriousness of sexual crime.

Evaluating patterns of sexual violence against young people across the world in the era
of the #MeToo movement presents great opportunities for research and practice but
also challenges. The aim of this article is to critically assess an internet-based methodology
employed in a comparative study conducted with university students in 18
different cities, in six continents. While our main purpose is to examine the methodological
aspects of this study, the article also presents briefly its major findings and
discusses compiled recommendations to curb sexual violence in some of the most
important transit systems in the world. Findings show that sexual violence in transit
environments is a common occurrence globally, is highly underreported, and ranges
considerably from one city to the other, and between gender groups. Lessons from this
study suggest that it is crucial to use identical research tools and choose partners who
can ensure that research tasks are undertaken on time, ethically, and with good care for
the quality of data and the research process. To curb sexual violence on transit, actions
tailored to local contexts are necessary, but as underreporting of harassment is prevalent
in all contexts, one global need is initiatives that facilitate incident reporting.