Public health in complex emergencies

Introduction: Nutrition and food security are the fundamental aspects of life, and it is linked to multiple components, systems, and processes, including those occurring during diseases, such as infection.
Objection: The overall purpose of the study is to examine the determinant of nutrition and food security among children in the South Sudan case study: Mangateen IDP camp.
Methodology: The study implies both quantitation and qualitative methods of data collection, quantitation methods include, secondary data and structure questioner. While qualitative methods, key informant guide, and observation. The analytical sample comprised 138 respondents from households in Mangateen IDP camp in Juba South Sudan. Epi-Info software and excel 2013 was used to get frequencies and crosstabulation results.
Results: The majority of the respondents 61% considered water, sanitation, and hygiene as the main problem facing the Mangateen IDP camp, Most respondent’s 39 percent prioritize soap to use for handwashing when soap is not enough in Mangateen IDP camp, The fact that nearly half 46 percent of the IDPs perceived that the most common morbidity in camp, acute water diarrhea. Most respondent’s 52 percent Feed by an adult, while 29 percent use the eating pattern of Separate for the child and a few 19% use the episode of Share plate. Our findings moreover identify the key cultural barriers that affect children feeding; results indicate that breastfeeding still a huge barrier for children in the IDP community.
Conclusion: Our assumptions established from the study that future economic advances need to consider integrated approaches to improving the economic standings of households without increasing the risk for overnutrition. The conclusion of the study will accelerate the knowledge base of IDPs on the importance of nutrition and food security strategies that are useful for the improvement of child health in the IDP camp and in the republic of South Sudan.

This book examines the circumstances under which aid can contribute to the management and transformation of intra-state conflicts.

How and when do insurgents govern? How does the presence of aid and social services influence how insurgents govern? Under what circumstances can aid contribute to the management and transformation of civil wars? The established literature in this area argues that aid exacerbates civil wars where resources are scarce as greedy rebels steal resources for themselves. This book, however, argues that under certain conditions such greed can be good.

Drawing on primary research from three very different conflicts – Northern Ireland (1969–1998), southern Sudan (1983–2005) and Tajikistan (1992–1997) – and more than 10 years’ experience working in and researching humanitarian crises, this study breaks new ground through its wide-ranging comparison of conflicts. The book argues that insurgent efforts to reap rewards from aid and social services have in turn facilitated organizational changes and that these changes, while they may have had conflict-enhancing effects in the short term, have also contributed to conflict transformation over the long term.

This book will be of much interest to students of insurgencies, civil wars, comparative politics, conflict management, humanitarian emergencies, public health and IR/Security Studies in general.

The impact of conflict, particularly conflict arising during civil wars, on the provision of healthcare is a subject that has not been widely considered in conflict-related research. Combatants often target health services to weaken or to defeat the enemy, while attempts to maintain or improve health systems also can comprise part of counter-insurgency ‘hearts-and-minds’ strategies. This paper describes the dynamics associated with the provision of health services in Malakal, an important garrison town in South Sudan, during the second Sudanese civil war (1983–2005). Drawing on the concepts of opportunity hoarding and exploitation, it explores the social and political dynamics of service provision in and around the town during the war. These concepts provide a useful lens with which to understand better how health services are affected by conflict, while the empirical case study presented in the paper illustrates dynamics that may be repeated in other contexts. The concepts and case study set out in this paper should prove useful to healthcare providers working in conflict zones, including humanitarian aid agencies and their employees, increasing their understanding of the social and political dynamics that they are likely to face during future conflict-related complex emergencies.

Epidemic outbreaks threaten jurisdictions beyond domestic boundaries and affect diverse societal interests. How to properly handle them therefore becomes an issue of interest for all stakeholders and individuals. To address this issue, a case study of the current EVD outbreak may be instructive. How can we explain the risk handling process in the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak? The central argument is that if the EVD outbreak affects jurisdictions beyond domestic boundaries and diverse societal interests, its handling should be integrative. To be integrative, the handling should engage both technical and societal inputs, and coordinate stakeholders at domestic and global levels. Hence, integrative risk handling requires an interdisciplinary method and a global governance approach. Meanwhile, the classical model of risk analysis appears to be less integrative while the emerging risk governance model, in an attempt to improve the classical model, seems to be substantially integrative. With the help of secondary data and its qualitative analysis, focused literature review, non-participant observation, and empirical investigation of the risk analysis model alongside the adaptive and integrative risk governance model of Klinke and Renn (2012), the result shows that the current risk handling approaches perform differently at domestic and global scales. At the domestic level, the prevailing approach substantially shows elements of risk analysis but lacks the basic elements of risk governance. At the global level, the prevailing approach fully incorporates the elements of risk analysis but not fully those of risk governance. Applying the Klinke & Renn model to upgrade risk analysis may address the latter’s deficiencies and make risk handling outcomes more suitable for stakeholders and individuals. Although the analysis excludes the adaptive elements of the model, it shows the model could make risk analysis more integrative and incorporate risk handling variables more accurately. The conclusion is that the handling of epidemics should be more integrative within a comprehensive global governance framework.

In the aftermath of the Sarin attacks in Tokyo in 1995, the
anthrax attacks in the USA in 2001, and the Litvinenko incident in London in 2006, incidents involving CBRN substances have become a growing concern for policy-makers and professionals in the area of civil protection in Europe. Resources were poured into preventing and responding to such incidents, often focusing
on improving technical and organisational capabilities.
In spite of the significant progress made in the technical and
procedural responses to CBRN events, “for many high-impact
risks we do not understand what the public actually expects in a situation or how tolerant they may be of ‘abnormal’ risks during a crisis”1.

This is changing partly as a result of EU-funded research that
has delved into understanding the role of the public in preparing for and responding to CBRN incidents. The PRACTICE project is unique within the world of CBRN research. Specifically, PRACTICE took us a step closer to improving the effectiveness of communicating with the public during a CBRN event by enabling researchers to test the risk communication and behaviour based
findings of past EU-funded studies during a live emergency
planning field exercise involving members of the public.

This paper will provide a discussion about the health needs and responses by the different governmental, Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) and the United Nations during the recent Ebola outbreak that occurred in West Africa in the three countries Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone focusing on Liberia since I was deployed there with an International Humanitarian Organization from the start of the outbreak in August 2014 till March 2015.<br>The paper will start with brief introduction of the current situation followed by background history of Ebola then focusing in the situation in the healthcare services in Liberia before and after the declaration of outbreak then providing some examples of the health needs and responses by the World Health Organization (WHO), Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) then some lessons learnt and success stories from Lofa county in Liberia that was the first county in west A...

Previous epidemic management research proves the importance of city-level information, but also highlights limited expertise in urban data applications during a pandemic outbreak. In this paper, we provide an overview of city-level information, in combination with analytical and operational capacity, that define urban intelligence for supporting response to disease outbreaks. We present five components (movement, facilities, people, information, and engagement) that have been previously investigated but remain siloed to successfully orchestrate an integrated pandemic response. Reflecting on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak that was first identified in Wuhan, China, we discuss the opportunities, technical challenges, and foreseeable controversies for deploying urban intelligence during a pandemic. Finally, we emphasize the urgency of building urban intelligence through cross-disciplinary research and collaborative practice on a global scale.

The specialty of family medicine is centered on lasting, caring relationships with patients and their families. Family physiciansintegrate the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to provide continuing and comprehensive health care. The scope of family medicine encompasses all ages, sexes, each organ system and every disease entity. Read more about the history, scope and definition of family medicine by reviewing the following resources.



Public-health-family-medicine



Family medicine is a three-dimensional specialty, incorporating (1) knowledge, (2) skill and (3) process. At the center of the process element is the patient-physician relationship with the patient viewed in the context of the family. It is the extent to which this relationship is valued, developed, nurtured and maintained that distinguishes family medicine from all other specialties.



Family physicians integrate the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to provide continuing and comprehensive health care. Family medicine encompasses all ages, sexes, each organ system and every disease entity. Family physicians also pay special attention to their patients' lives within the context of family and the community.

Adolescent Medicine
Geriatric Medicine
Pain Medicine
Sleep Medicine
Sports Medicine
Sexual Health
Geriatric Medicine
For more details, PS: https://clinicalcasereports.conferenceseries.com/events-list/case-reports-on-public-health-family-medicine

Alan J. Card. Pandemicity and Severity are Separate Constructs. American Journal of Public Health: July 2012, Vol. 102, No. 7, pp. e12-e12.
doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300756

http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300756?journalCode=ajph

Current methods to estimate the incidence of gender-based violence in complex emergencies tend to rely on nonprobability samples. Population-based monitoring is undertaken relatively infrequently. This article provides a systematic review of published literature that represents attempts to quantify the magnitude of gender-based violence in emergency settings. Searches adopted a Boolean procedure, which led to initial selection of material that was then reviewed against set criteria. Only 10 studies met the final criteria for inclusion. Intimate partner violence, physical violence, and rape were the three categories of violence most frequently measured. Rates of intimate partner violence tended to be quite high across all of the studies—much higher than most of the rates of wartime rape and sexual violence perpetrated by individuals outside of the home. Direct comparisons of rates of violence were hindered by different case definitions, recall periods, and other methodological featur...

The importance of public health is growing and this theme has a potential to become one most pressing issues in the future. For example, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs are: combat against poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women) all influence health and, according to the WHO, health influences all the MDGs. Connected to this is The issue of global health governance, which deals with the question how to regulate efficiently a panoply of actors in global health, such as international organisations, States, NGOs (including philanthropic foundations), private-public partnerships, pharmaceutical companies, individuals and others. Recently, a concept of global health law has been developed for the improvement of health worldwide (L. Gostin), which comprises legal instruments developed by the WHO and other organisations (ILO, UNESCO, WTO), human rights documents that protect the right to health (UDHR, ICESCR, CEDAW, CRC and others) and standards that deal with social justice and the prohibition of discrimination. In this framework the protection of human rights occupies a vital place.

This one-day seminar will address current challenges and suggest possible solutions at the intersection of public health and human rights. It will include global, regional, comparative and national perspectives on the above issues. The nature of the seminar will be multidisciplinary and its three panels will include experts in areas of public health, human rights, global health governance, health security, mental health, right to health and other disciplines.

This paper maps key research questions for humanitarian health ethics: the ethical dimensions of healthcare provision and public health activities during international responses to situations of humanitarian crisis. Development of this research agenda was initiated at the Humanitarian Health Ethics Forum (HHE Forum) convened in Hamilton, Canada in November 2012. The HHE Forum identified priority avenues for advancing policy and practice for ethics in humanitarian health action. The main topic areas examined were: experiences and perceptions of humanitarian health ethics; training and professional development initiatives for humanitarian health ethics; ethics support for humanitarian health workers; impact of policies and project structures on humanitarian health ethics; and theoretical frameworks and ethics lenses. Key research questions for each topic area are presented, as well as proposed strategies for advancing this research agenda. Pursuing the research agenda will help strengthen the ethical foundations of humanitarian health action.