Plastic

Background: Skin laxity, rhytides, and photoaging are generally treated by ablative procedures that injure or destroy the epidermis and its basement membrane, at least in the beginning, and subsequently lead to fibrosis of the papillary dermis. The ideal treatment would be to preserve the epidermis and promote normal collagen and elastin formation in the dermis. Percutaneous collagen induction takes us

Making a plastic bottle is not the problem, making a plastic bottle with no or minimal damage to the environment is.
Plastic is a substance of infinite shapes, of infinite uses, of infinite possibilities, but also of infinite time. There are 5 major stages involved in the life-cycle of the plastic bottler; raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation and distribution, product use and disposal and recycling.
The raw materials after when they are extracted go to a manufacturer which then takes everything and makes them into plastic pellets. These pellets are shrunk using heat and pressure and they reshape those pieces of plastics to a stable structured container.
The sheer magnitude of plastic bottle production and its growth rate, contrasted by a worrying inability to dispose of it efficiently, has experts raising the alarm. Despite the growing span of knowledge regarding this biohazard, the world can’t seem to stop demanding it. Growing dependency on the product by populations is raising concern about the future of the world’s ecosystems and the health of emerging economies. There is no other material that has transcends all nations, all modern economies, and all social classes notwithstanding their wealth or way of life in the same manner as plastic has done is continuing to do.

Die Puppe findet sich im Werk der Künstlerin Niki de Saint Phalle (1930-2002) als Objet trouvé bis in die 1980er-Jahre und wird hier erstmals untersucht-auch in Abgrenzung zur bekannten ‚Nana'-Figur. Anders als in den Großprojekten und den großformatigen Arbeiten, in denen sie zum Teil verarbeitet wurde, wird die Puppe zu einem Diminutiv der Idee von Kindheit und Kind-Sein und zu einem Attribut der kritisch bewerteten Rolle der Frau. Die Puppe ist hier weder ein sich perpetuierendes Bildkürzel noch Teil einer eigenen künstlerischen Bildsprache, sondern erweist sich als ein Werkstoff, der in diesem ganzen Sprachsystem (Pierre Restany) des Werkes als ein plastisches Addendum fungiert. Zusammen mit anderen Objekten offenbart die auf den Werkflächen arrangierte Puppe eine private ebenso wie politische Lesart im Kontext ihrer Zeit. Dieser Artikel ist eine erweiterte Fassung des in "de:do-denkste: puppe. Multidisziplinäre Zeitschrift für Mensch-Puppen-Diskurs. Ausgabe 1/2019: Puppen als Miniaturen – mehr als klein“ (Hg. Insa Fooken, Jana Mikota, Philipp Schmerheim, vgl. https://denkste-puppe.info/ausgaben/) unter dem Titel „Zwischen Miniatur und Monumentalität: Grundlegendes zur Puppe und ihrer Bedeutung im Spannungsfeld von Material, Statement und Aktion im Werk von Niki de Saint Phalle“ erschienenen Aufsatzes.

The goal of this paper is to provide the basic fundamentals of hot gas plastic welding technique. Use of polymers in industries is increasing in order to reduce overall weight of products. Polymers are generally joined by mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding and welding. This article shows that welding of polymers is still a growing research and development area particularly hot gas welding technique because of increasing aspiration for environment friendly technologies and light weight material. This review will be beneficial for young researchers working in this area and this technique opens the door for further investigation for improving weld quality.

Attraverso la ricostruzione dei passaggi salienti della storia della Mazzucchelli 1849 si tracciano i contorni dell’evoluzione dei materiali plastici e il loro rapporto con il mutare della società. È una storia esemplificativa del “saper fare” italiano che inizia con la lavorazione del corno, sostituito dalla Celluloide – di cui la Mazzucchelli con la Società Italiana Celluloide fu la prima produttrice – poi dal Rhodoid e da polimeri più performanti.
Si tratta di sperimentazioni materiche all’avanguardia che s’intrecciano con le storie di alcune tra le maggiori aziende italiane degli anni d’oro del Made in Italy, con grandi designer, con il Compasso d’Oro e con le vicende di numerosi artisti ai quali l’azienda, in nome dell’unione tra arte e industria, chiedeva di ricercare inedite applicazioni dei materiali sintetici.

FROM CELLULOID TO BIOPLASTIC: 150 YEARS OF EXPERIMENTATION WITH MATERIALS SEEN THROUGH THE ACTIVITY OF AN ITALIAN COMPANY - Abstract
Through the reconstruction of the most important steps in the history of the company Mazzucchelli 1849, this article describes the development of plastic materials in relationship to the changes in society. It is an illustrative history of the Italian know-how, beginning with the processing of the horn, replaced by the Celluloid – of which Mazzucchelli through the Società Italiana Celluloide (Italian Celluloid Industry) was the first manufacturer – and finally substituted by the polymer Rhodoid and other more efficient plastics.
This work describes experiments with materials which are linked to the stories of some of the major Italian industries during the golden period of the Made in Italy, to some important designers, to the Compasso d'Oro awards  and to the stories of many important artists who the company Mazzucchelli, in the name of the relationship between art and industry, asked to express themselves through the use of synthetic materials, in order to  develop new types of applications.

The plastics are polluting the environment and affect the humans. 94% of the plastics are thermoplastics or recyclable materials such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride). The purpose of bioplastic production is an alternative for synthetic plastic. The starch is a natural biopolymer. Cassava starch is used for bioplastic production in many ways.

The purpose of this study was to determine the different perceptions of Tacloban City residences in three (3) different barangays’ chosen based on a criteria set by the researcher on plastic waste distribution.

For this purpose, a survey questionnaire was made using a mixed method of: qualitative and quantitative design.  A Survey questionnaire was used to gather the quantitative data, while Focused Group Discussion (FGD) for qualitative data. Twenty-five (25) residents, five (5) from each barangay were the participants of the study.

Results of the survey showed among the twenty-five (25) participants that sixty-four point twenty-nine percent (64.29%) of the respondents were female and the remaining thirty-five point seventy-one percent (35.71%) were male. Half of the respondents were from the ages of  15-20 while the remaining fifty percent (50%)  belonged to the participants that exceeded the age twenty (20). Results revealed that the plastic most found littering the streets, clogging the canals, often being thrown out, always troublesome to transport, and often gives off a bad odor in the barangays are fifty percent (50%) plastic food packaging, plastic bag, and plastic wrappers. Other results revealed that the plastic the barangays find most useful and most used themselves are twenty percent (20%) plastic bottles and plastic containers. Some results tied in frequency those were the plastics that often piling up and are often found in the dumpsite, results also revealed they were ten percent (10%) plastic food packaging, plastic bag, and plastic wrappers and ten percent (10 %) plastic bottles and plastic containers. The last but not the least, the results reveal that the most used “single-use” plastics in the barangay are ten percent (10 %) plastic cups, plastic utensils, and plastic Styrofoam. Most problems for the participants were rooted from the trash being littered everywhere, coming at twenty-seven point twenty-seven percent (27.27%). Aside from that most effects mentioned due to the problem about forty-two point eighty-six percent (42.86%) was the flooding of their respective drains. To address their problems, forty percent (40%) thought to do segregation, but it is not as sustainable as they hope it would be, because of the lack of cooperation (9.09%) and discipline (18.18%) they fail to do the actual task.

The amount of solid waste is growing In Egypt. It is estimated to be 20 million tons annually according to the Ministry of environment forecasts. The typical competence of collection in urban areas signifies 40-80%, although the middling proficiency of assortment processes and transport in rustic areas signifies 40 % which is considered hazardous for communal health and environment deprived of handling solid waste in integrated framework for solid waste management system. The reprocessing and treatment procedures in Egypt represent about 9.5 % of the entire urban solid waste, which is considered a low proportion of waste. The final disposal of waste in most cases are uncontrolled and administered arbitrary landfills making them self-ignition which is so harmful to the environment. Only 5 % of the waste is predisposed in hygienic and safe landfill that preserves underground water at present time, almost all human industries comprise the usage of polymeric materials. Nevertheless, polymers and their residuum are confined for a long time in the environment, prompting a substantial quantity of ecological harm. Throughout previous years a figure of solid waste management technologies has been executed in numerous developing nations around the world, not only to implement new forms of economic and social development for the product but also consider their environmental impact. The project proposes a green value chain innovative waste management system to produce biodegradable plastics. The waste management system starts from collection of coffee and cotton waste, their transportation to treatment, segregation, storage and finally manufacturing PLA polylactic acid based on sustainable environment and technology involvement initiative. Thereby, this paper pursues to progress contemporary, biodegradable polymeric resources with the usage of renewable raw materials such as agriculture waste in Egypt. As technology started to impact in all life sciences and industries, it is not astonishing that Internet of things is in progress in the field of waste management and recycling industries, toward sustainability. The advanced mechanical segregation process established in this study uses agriculture waste with superior cost and production efficiency, with no harmful environmental influence. In order to get the appropriate data about waste and the feasibility of producing PLA from it, the methodology for this research is mainly based on Desktop research from Egypt Knowledge bank search engine using the following searching keywords (waste management globally, suitable development and waste, Egyptian cotton production), and structured interviews that consists of specific questions to collect the required data from targeted interviewees in the field of waste management. There are promising results that revealed that PLA can be produced from agricultural cotton waste, coffee waste and food waste. It is then used to produce plastic utensils (plates-forks-boxes) using additive manufacturing and injection molding manufacturing techniques. The rising attention in sustainability and climate crisis concerns initiates the market demand for environmentally friendly plastics.

Distributor Kantong Plastik Tangerang, Usaha Kantong Plastik, Ukuran Kantong Plastik Bening, Ukuran Kantong Plastik Sampah, Kantong Plastik Cap Wayang, Kantong Plastik Zipper, Kantong Plastik 1 Kg, Harga Kantong Plastik 10 Kg, Harga Kantong Plastik 1 Kg, Harga Kantong Plastik Ukuran 1 Kg

Kami melayani pembelian secara grosir maupun eceran untuk segala jenis plastik dan bahan kue.
Adapun jenis plastik yang tersedia meliputi plastik sampah, plastik es, plastik kresek, plastik wrap, plastik klip, dsb.

Untuk info dan pemesanan, hubungi :
Bpk. Rudy Chandra
WA : 0822.7621.3288 (Tsel)
Jln. Sekolah No.46 Kec. Rumbai Pesisir
Pekanbaru – Riau

Harga Kantong Plastik Eceran, Ukuran Kantong Plastik Es, Kantong Plastik Flip, Kantong Plastik Grosir, Kantong Plastik Gula, Kantong Plastik Grosir Surabaya, Kantong Plastik Grosiran, Kantong Plastik Hitam Besar, Kantong Plastik Harga, Kantong Plastik Hitam Harga, Ukuran Kantong Plastik, Kantong Plastik Ikan, Industri Kantong Plastik, Kantong Plastik Jumbo, Kantong Plastik Jakarta, Kantong Plastik Jogja, Kantong Plastik Jual, Kantong Plastik Klip, Kantong Plastik Kecil, Kantong Plastik Kresek

Cet essai vise à déterminer si les effets des polymères sont plus néfastes pour l’environnement que ceux issus des biopolymères. Une analyse exhaustive des articles portant sur les effets que chacune de ces matières pourrait avoir sur l’environnement a été faite, plus particulièrement en recensant les effets :
- Des biopolymères sur l’environnement, particulièrement la production de matière première issu de l’agriculture et les effets des changements d’affectation des sols qui y sont reliés;
- Des polymères sur les milieux marins, notamment sur leur concentration et les particules qui s’y adsorbent;
- Des débris de plastique sur la faune et la flore marines.
Quinze analyses de cycle de vie comparant divers polymères et biopolymères ont également été recensées et utilisées afin de les départager quant à leurs bénéfices et inconvénients pour l’environnement.
Les deux matières ont des effets importants sur l’environnement et les biopolymères pourraient être plus dommageables pour l’environnement que les polymères issus de la pétrochimie s’ils sont issus de l’agriculture industrielle et intensive. Les polymères, quant à eux, sont si omniprésents dans les milieux marins qu’ils pourraient avoir une incidence importante sur la biodiversité marine.
La solution réside dans de nouvelles méthodes de gestion des polymères visant la réduction à la source ainsi que dans l’élaboration de règlements basés sur le principe du pollueur-payeur. Les biopolymères devraient être utilisés dans des applications spécifiques, telles que dans les milieux marins, médicaux et alimentaires.

This paper critically reviews polypropylene (PP) material in several aspects. The aim of this study is to prove that polypropylene is a promising plastic by showing its great chemical, physical and mechanical properties, understanding and comparing between PP types as well as thermoplastics to identify their pros and cons, providing a comprehensive explanation regarding to Dow/UNIPOL PP technology process, and including extensive reviews on infinite number of PP applications. It is found that PP is the main output of propylene among other derivatives with two-thirds consumption rate. PP is the lightest type of plastics with a density of 0.90 g/cm3. Homo-polymer PP (HPP) has a market share of 65-75%. Branching, reinforcing and filling PP are some techniques to produce plastics with superior mechanical properties. Semi-crystalline isotactic polypropylene (iPP) showed appropriate optical characteristics upon recycling. BOPP and PP-OH films are ideal plastics for electrical applications. There are 26 operating PP plants and 4 PP plants in construction around the globe. PP applications include, but not limited to, fabrics, films, bottles, sheets and automotive products.

ABSTRACT

Million tons of plastic-sachets are produced annually. Those plastics-sachets are improperly disposed causing blockage on sewerage or drainage system, this cause flooding that usually experienced in low lying areas in Philippines. Some plastic can be found in some bodies of water.
Moreover, oyster shell was dumped also in dump hill, landfill, and even oceans. (Oyster shell has a big role in aquatic reefs, it is the habitat of small fishes and huge mammals). As oyster dumped is decomposed CO2 that can cause air pollution.
Plastic-sachets and oyster shells can be used as aggregate in creating blocks. The researchers of this study created their self-formulation of materials in creating blocks. Their blocks containing sheared plastic-sachets and crushed oyster shells.
The researcher’s conducted some manual test on their own, like drop test. This test includes the dropping of two specific blocks, involving sheared plastic containing block and sheared plastic with crushed oyster shells containing block. Both  blocks dropped in specific heights, results shows that half of block mixed with crushed oyster shells and sheared plastic broken, but the block containing sheared pure plastic totally shattered.
Overall, the result shows that the created blocks have higher strength (mpa/kn) than a typical commercial blocks.

Plastic products formation process duration is the important parameter of technological injection molding. For information combination on several parameters of plastic products formation the Venn diagram has been used. The diagram contains the whole set of possible parameters (sample space). Having chosen rational parameters for optimum duration achievement of formation process, it is offered to formalize them by means of information model. On the basis of the Venn diagram, an information model is proposed for the duration of the plastic products molding process by injection molding. The information model can be the basis for a mathematical model that will enable the development of a module for molding process automated control. The information model of the molding process duration reflects the
parameters of the process and the service features of the injection mold.

The plastic bottle is the material that hard to discard and takes a very long time until hundreds of years to decay and decompose. While disposal rate of plastic bottles was expected increasing up to millions of kilograms every year but only 23% are recycled and the rest are disposed of or discarded that can cause pollution due to long lifespan. Therefore, the main objective of our project is to build a fetch and spin’s machine capable of processing plastic bottles into new plastic products which is straps and rope. Firstly, the mechine is designed by scetching and turn into graphical picture using AutoCad. This machine works by continously pulling while cutting plastic bottles into long straps. In order to produce the plastic rope, it required a few line of produced straps with the same length to be twisted together into one single line of rope. Then, it will be tested with The Universal Testing Mechine to test the strength of different types of plastic rope produced. The results from the carried out experiment is quite suprisingly, it shows that the PET bottle plastic have high strength characteristic where Revive bottle got 22.38 N/mm2, Mountain Dew bottle got 18.72 N/mm2, Cocacola bottle got 19.57 N/mm2, and 100 Plus bottle only got 11.27 N/mm2 for some reasons maximum stress applied. This test result indicates that PET rope is almost as strong as the rope at the market which is 22 N/mm2 at the same saiz of cross section. Comparing the result of the test with trading the plastic bottle waste to the recycling fasilities, it is better for the bottle to be transforms into something more beneficial product such as rope. Even though the straps and rope needs some times to produce, the outcome of the product is far worth it. Furthermore, the profit provided by the recycling fasilites for the bottle waste has fall nowadays which is only 10 cents per kilogram. With a proper planning and understanding value machine can be commercialized at small or large scale because the capital used to produce this machine is low. Moreover, this machine is quite simple to operate and can be controlled by everyone. Even the product of rope produced from this machine is comparable to the rope products in the external market in terms of strength, marketability and uniqueness.  

In order to accelerate deployment of distributed recycling by providing low-cost feed stocks of granulated post-consumer waste plastic, this study analyzes an open source waste plastic granulator system. It is designed, built, and tested for its ability to convert post-consumer waste, 3D printed products and waste into polymer feedstock for recyclebots of fused particle/granule printers. The technical specifications of the device are quantified in terms of power consumption (380 to 404 W for PET and PLA, respectively) and particle size distribution. The open source device can be fabricated for less than $2000 USD in materials. The experimentally measured power use is only a minor contribution to the overall embodied energy of distributed recycling of waste plastic. The resultant plastic particle size distributions were found to be appropriate for use in both recyclebots and direct material extrusion 3D printers. Simple retrofits are shown to reduce sound levels during operation by 4dB-5dB for the vacuum. These results indicate that the open source waste plastic granulator is an appropriate technology for community, library, maker space, fab lab, or small business-based distributed recycling.

Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) plastic and stamp sand are both waste materials that impose a significant burden on the environment. This study investigates the potential of using stamp sand and ASA plastic composite as pavement or road surfacing mixture. It should be noted that this new material does not use asphalt materials. A series of lab tests usually used for asphalt pavement materials were employed for the stamp sand and ASA plastic composite material. The dynamic modulus test was performed to reflect the deformation under different load and frequency levels. The high-temperature properties were assessed by the Hamburg wheel tracking device (HWTD), and the low-temperature performance was assessed by the disc-shaped compact tension (DCT) test. The moisture susceptibility was determined by the dry/wet strength ratio. The coefficient of permeability was estimated by the water permeability test, and the mass loss of aggregate was estimated by the Cantabro loss test. The dynamic modulus results showed that the ASA mixtures have improved high-temperature deformation resistance as compared to the asphalt mixtures. The ASA mixture with 40% sand showed higher stiffness than the ASA mixture with 30% sand. The ASA mixtures have excellent rutting resistance and moisture damage resistance. The fracture energy of the asphalt mixture is 42-77% higher than the ASA mixture. The tensile strength ratio of the ASA and asphalt mixture are all larger than 0.8 and therefore satisfy the Superpave specification. The average coefficient of permeability of the ASA mixture is 6-10 times higher than the asphalt mixture in the same air void level. The average aggregate loss percent of the ASA mixtures is 9.2-10.8 times higher than asphalt mixtures. In summary, the implementation of stamp sand and ASA plastic mixtures may be a successful solution

A promising method of enhancing the circular economy is distributed plastic recycling. In this study plastic waste is upcycled into 3-D printing filament with a recyclebot, which is an open source waste plastic extruder. The recyclebot is combined with an open source self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printer, to enable post-consumer ABS plastic filament from computer waste to be further upcycled into valuable consumer products pre-designed in the digital commons. The total electrical energy consumption for the combined process is monitored and an economic evaluation is completed. The coupled distributed recycling and manufacturing method for complex products reduces embodied energy by half, while reducing the cost of consumer products to pennies. This economic benefit provides an incentive for consumers to both home recycle and home manufacture, which tightens the loop on the circular economy by eliminating waste associated from transportation and retail. It is clear from the results that waste plastic can be significantly upcycled at the individual level using this commons-based approach. This tightening of the loop of the circular economy benefits the environment and sustainability as well as the economic stability of consumers/prosumers.

This is a clinical review of current techniques in wound bed preparation found to be effective in assisting the wound-healing process. The process begins with the identification of a correct diagnosis of the wound's etiology and continues with optimizing the patient's medical condition, including blood flow to the wound site. Débridement as the basis of most wound-healing strategies is then emphasized. Various débridement techniques, including surgery, topical agents, and biosurgery, are thoroughly discussed and illustrated. Wound dressings, including the use of negative pressure wound therapy, are then reviewed. To properly determine the timing of advance therapeutic intervention, the wound-healing progress needs to be monitored carefully with weekly measurements. A reduction in wound area of 10 to 15 percent per week represents normal healing and does not mandate a change in the current wound-healing strategy. However, if this level of wound area reduction is not met consi...

This study explores the relationship between glitter, queer bodies, and the environment, addressing this entanglement through a diffractive investigation that follows the matter/meanings of glitter from manufacture to disposal. In order to rethink the discourses on ‘glitter pollution,’ I rely on new materialist and queer theories that acknowledge the flows of matter/meanings across different bodies and sites. I use glitter as the main matter and figure to conduct this research, structuring my analysis through two axes: the politics of aesthetics and the politics of pollution. Reflecting on the exchange value of shimmery objects and the use of glitter in queer politics of visibility, I critically engage with the visual political economy that is offered by glitter. Regarding aesthetics, I analyze the consumption of glitter by the queer community, having in mind the motivations and meanings that are built around it. First, I address the question of how glitter is taken as a metaphor for visibility within the queer community. Then, I acknowledge the ways this queer use of glitter is criticized from environmental perspectives. Drawing on this juxtaposition of queer and environmental politics, I propose a new perspective, what I call ‘shimmery waste,’ which incorporates both queer and environmental theories. I base this approach on the analysis of the affective and material entanglements between glitter, queer bodies, and nature, claiming that the problem does not rely on the queer use of glitter per se. Instead, I argue that what needs to be addressed is the importance of context and scale, because these two variables determine the political values of waste and pollution. Finally, I contend that this proposed reframing of the relation between glitter and nature is an inevitable first step in thinking about a queer attitude towards waste and pollution.

In the manifestos of “dreaming” architects, synthetic materials gave a new formal connotation to house, at least until the energy crisis of the early 1970s. Starting from the prototypes by Ionel Schein, such plastic cells could later be hooked, as had been envisioned in cluster cities, to vertical structures or set side by side until they formed complex housing units. The circulation of ideas and images produced, between the early 1960s and 1970s, a number of comparable hypotheses similar in purpose and building technique. But were they intriguing opportunity or naïve vision? The paper intends to reflect on how the biological metaphor was used to widen the field of experimentation, sometimes based on debatable theories, including that of plastic as a suitable material for the new visions of the habitat of the future.