Península

This article analyzes the fundamental elements of informational-cognitive capitalism, affirming that we are in a new context largely characterized by the production of immaterial symbols, the action of knowledge upon itself and its dissemination through networks. The main goal is to construct an analysis in which the cognitive power, the communication, the construction and placement of discourses in public opinion from the new information and communication technologies are used as tools to configure our understanding and practical exercise of humans rights in the dominant system. In light of this, the article examines new actions in intersubjective communication that are posed in response from various social groups which seek counterhegemonic transformation.

The post-revolutionary ejido was defined, by one of the lawyers who most reflected on this form of land-tenure, as sui generis . The recognition of individual entitlements with characteristics similar to privateproperty within the corporate ownership of the land was its main peculiarity.The constitutional reforms of 1992 have given the ejido evenmore peculiar traits that deny the principles that were the justificationfor its creation. This paper presents the genesis and evolution of post-revolutionaryejido as a legal form of land-tenure. The intention is to show the contentious nature of any legal framework that has enabled wide margins of law interpretation and application.

RESUMO
Neste artigo o autor utiliza a geografia como parâmetro por meio do qual ele estuda a vida cultural, religiosa e social dos muçulmanos. O deserto da Arábia, o berço do islamismo, tornou-se o fator determinante para a cultura dos primeiros muçulmanos. Meca, centro religioso e comercial, manteve o fluxo de ricos comerciantes de muitos países em sua direção. Isso estimulou os mulçumanos a se dedicar ao estudo da ciência e da geografia, principalmente pela sua utilidade no comércio, na divisão da terra, nas viagens pelos desertos, no conhecimento das plantas e animais, na descoberta do azimute de Meca durante as viagens e, por fim, nos estudos de diversos estágios da lua – todas as festas, festivais e eventos islâmicos importantes são organizados conforme o calendário lunar. A profunda análise do autor sobre o islã revela que sem o estudo de geografia seria difícil compreender a vida social, religiosa, econômica e psicológica dos muçulmanos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Arábia. Islã. Humanidade. Literatura Arábica. Península. Geografia humana. Astronomia. Ka’ba. Ramadã. Alá.

ABSTRACT
In this article the author uses geography as a parameter through which he studies cultural, religious and social life of the Muslims. The Arabian Desert, the cradle of Islam, had been a determining factor for the life of the early Muslims. And Mecca was the religious and commercial center which maintained the influx of rich merchants of many countries in its
direction. This paved the way for the Muslims study of the science of Geography, principally due to its utility, to serve the needs of commerce, the division of land, travel through the deserts, knowledge of the plants and animals, and to find the azimuth of Mecca during travels and
especially to study the phases of the moon – all the Muslim feasts, festivals and important events are ordered and organized according to the lunar calendar. An in-depth study of the author on this subject matter reveals the fact that without the study of geography, it would be difficult to understand the social, religious, economic and psychological life of the Muslims.
KEYWORDS: Arabia. Islam. Humankind. Arabic Literature. Peninsula. Human Geography. Astronomy. Kabah. Ramzan. Allah.

Este trabajo está centrado en el papel desempeñado por la Iglesia en Yucatán como garante de la paz social, particularmente en el control de la población maya yucateca, durante el período colonial, y las transformaciones que el reformismo borbónico introdujo a esa misión. El estudio se estructura a partir del análisis de la intervención eclesiástica en momentos de crisis como rebeliones, huidas y persecución de idolatrías.

La vivienda rural en Mexico es una parte esencial de la riqueza con la que cuenta nuestra cultura, ya que es el espejo en el cual se reflejan las actividades tradicionales que cotidianamente realizan sus habitantes, asi como la necesidad de un refugio y la convivencia con su medio ambiente. Hace ademas patente una actividad constructiva heredada de tiempos muy remotos. La conceptualizacion de la vivienda rural maya requiere de una vision que abarque no solo lo formal (morfologico), sino que realice un analisis antropologico del uso de los espacios, incluyendo las cualidades bioticas que permiten la integracion de la vivienda rural con su medio natural. Asimismo, el estudio morfologico no debe quedarse en el analisis de la estructura habitacional, si no ir mas alla, abordando su relacion con el solar y su habitat, que mantienen estrecha relacion con las actividades agricolas y de convivencia comunitaria. Los usos y costumbres desarrollados en el entorno de la vivienda vernacula estan...

This a rticle reve a ls the l a ck of knowledge reg a rding the educ a tion a l expenditure th a t is invested to reduce the le a rning g a p a t the sub-st a te level in Mexico. Specific a lly, there a re no a n a lyses reg a rding the a mount a nd use of progr a ms designed to improve re a ding a nd b a sic m a th skills in the st a tes of C a mpeche a nd Quint a n a Roo. The objective: to monitor public spending on those progr a ms, seeking to ch a r a cterize the qu a lity a nd tr a nsp a rency of educ a tion a l spending. Methodology: two c a ses were selected, C a mpeche a nd Quint a n a Roo; the educ a tion a l expenditure of items destined to improve the educ a tion a l qu a lity of the ye a rs 2014-2016 w a s a n a lyzed. Results encountered: a rticul a tion problems were found between the a ctions a nd progr a ms; op a city over a lloc a tion of resources a nd over improvement a ctions; a nd limited str a tegies to reduce the le a rning g a p. Fin a lly, the need to gener ...

The Cultur a l Import a nce Index (cii) c a lcul a tes the v a lue of the role a species pl a ys within a culture, by its v a lue a s a useful resource or other interest. The objective of this work w a s to ev a lu a te the Cultur a l Import a nce of wildlife species for the inh a bit a nts of four communities of northern Yuc a t a n, a s well a s to record the c a tegories of use or m a n a gement to which they a re a ssigned. The inform a tion w a s obt a ined through free listings, semi-structured interviews a nd p a rticip a nt observ a tion. A tot a l of 94 vertebr a te species were recorded: 44 birds, 30 m a mm a ls a nd 20 reptiles. The c a tegories of use were: “food”, “pet”, “symbolic or ritu a l”, “medicin a l”, “orn a ment a l”, a nd “m a teri a l for tools”. Likewise, “d a m a ge control” w a s a n import a nt c a tegory mentioned in this studio. The species with the highest Cultur a l Import a nce v a lues were: white-t a iled deer, coll a red pecc a ry, r a ttlesn a ke...

Using an analysis and presentation of documents from the colonial era, this essay seeks to demonstrate, in spite of a stereotype that has been widely disseminated, that women living in the Maya area throughout this period were not always submissive, resigned and conforming to the directives of their patriarchal and androcentric societies. Rather, they found ways to manifest their inconformity and disagreements, explicitly and implicitly, through the same roles that men and communities used to condemn them. The documentary evidence used to support these suppositions comes from court proceedings, civil (in particular wills and intestates) and criminal, including references to ecclesiastic trials. It will be shown that this type evidence can help us understand the modalities of female subjugation and rebelliousness during the colonial period. This subject matter has is often avoided in the historical treatments of social cultural identities, even though it provides important insights i...

A lot has been written about neoliberalism and globalization in general and, some, about the presence of these phenomena in Yucatan. The novelty of this work is that it constructs a narrative that links important milestones at the international, national and local levels, to explain the concrete form in which they took place in the city of Merida, showing the interactions between these ambits. Three periods are addressed, starting with the ascent and fall of the "Mexican miracle", stimulating the arrival of neoliberal globalization in Mexico. The two next periods (1982-1986 and 1987-1993) give an account of the transition to the neoliberal globalized model in Mexico and its materiali zation in Merida. It was a convulsed time of huge changes: reforms, privatizations, retrenchment of the State in Mexico and, in Merida, the transition of the henequen economy to the maquila, and disorderly urban growth.

This paper sets forth a study focused on two expedition diaries written by a military man and an engineer in Nueva Espana during the 18th century. These testimonies of their journeys pursued, as main purpose, the offering of a reliable knowledge of a non explored or practically unknown geography. This work aims at analyzing how this knowledge is built and how it is dicursively transmitted.

The objective of this article is to explain the link between a certain conception of art and science in the so-called “picturesque travels,” in vogue from the mid-eighteenth century to the first half of the nineteenth century. We will use Frederic de Waldeck’s journey through Yucatan as an example, using two types of documents: his text, Voyage pittoresque et archeologique dans la province d’Yucatan (Amerique Centrale), pendant les annees 1834 et 1836, and the paintings and engravings that he produced during his trip.

La sobada es una de las practicas terapeuticas mas difundidas en Yucatan, con respecto a la salud reproductiva, el embarazo y el parto. Mas que la simple tecnica de masaje que podria parecer en un primer momento, la sobada representa, por el contrario, una manipulacion del cuerpo (al mismo tiempo fisica y simbolica) que en el contexto de la creciente medicalizacion del parto ha asumido significados ineditos. A traves de la sobada se expresan distintos discursos en torno a la reproduccion, la percepcion del cuerpo, el control y la gestion del cuerpo femenino, la relacion entre biomedicina y medicina maya, y sobre el intento de las parteras mayas yucatecas por defender su papel y sus conocimientos. Este ultimo aspecto ha sido analizada por la autora a partir de la idea de las mujeres del municipio de Kaua donde “la sobada evita la cesarea”.