Paiter Suruí

"This text introduces a brief explanation about the intricate relation between
music and narrative, speech and chant, voice and myth, which together are
part of the poetical art of the Paiter Suruí, an indigenous people from Rondônia
(Amazonia). Part of the cultural heritage of the Paiter Suruí people can be
found at the Arampiã Archive that has recordings collected by anthropologist
Betty Mindlin, who has been working with the Paiter for more than twenty
years. These documents are like “oral-books” of stories of Paiter Suruí life from
the past and present. The musicality comes from the Tupi-Mondé language
that is rich in onomatopoeias and ideophones, and has exclamations with
verbal functions that imitate animals of the forest. The Suruí music shows us
that myth is composed not only of fabulous stories, but also by reality. Both are
presented through archaic words and metaphorical meanings.
Keywords: Paiter Suruí, Rondônia, ethnomusicology, indigenous oral tradition"

O primeiro contato oficial com os indígenas Paiter Suruí do estado de Rôndonia ocorreu em 1969 em uma expedição de uma equipe da FUNAI, liderada pelos sertanistas Francisco e Apõena Meireles. Na ocasião o fotografo Jesco von Puttkamer acompanhou a equipe e registrou o processo. As fotografias hoje integram o Acervo Jesco Puttkamer no Instituto Goiano de Pré-história e Antropologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás. Em 2015 durante o Projeto de Qualificação do Acervo Jesco, os indígenas Kajôr, Joaquim e Joaton Suruí trabalharam analisando as fotografias e falando suas impressões sobre as mesmas, identificando momentos, pessoas, lugares, e elementos intra-culturais. Desse modo, utilizando como fontes as fotografias de Jesco e as narrativas dos indígenas, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a inserção de objetos industrializados na cultura tradicional dos Paiter Suruí, e como isso modificou seu cotidiano.

Palavras Chave: Jesco Puttkamer, Paiter Suruí, Cultura Material, Arqueologia.

With environmental problems increasingly challenging and with growing uncertainty of their complicated relationships, scientists and policy-makers are constantly looking for new and innovative ways to preserve the natural world from human induced degradation. As the forest sector is the second largest greenhouse gas emitter, responsible for an estimated 17% of all global emissions, reducing deforestation becomes and essential target for conservation efforts.
An element of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) project is one of the most recent global efforts at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In theory, it promises to provide the opportunity for people in developing countries to benefit from forested areas by reducing or halting deforestation and selling carbon credits to willing buyers. Meanwhilem, REDD+ “goes beyond simply deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.”

The project faces multiple challenges: due to its market-based approach of paying for carbon credits on an evidence basis; due to the technological difficulty of calculating carbon stock and value; due to its origin as a top-down policy and not least, in matters of representation and justice. The latter concern is especially salient in REDD+ because as Martin et al. point out, past conservation projects have led to an array of undesirable or unpredictable results, especially in the social sphere where neglect or outright exclusion of peoples has become a common element of conservation attempts.

In this essay, I will explore the case of the Paiter Surui, Indians in the Amazon forest of Brazil, and analyse how their experience with REDD+ is relating to academic concepts of justice, and to that of the Surui themselves.

RESUMO Nesta comunicação, realizamos uma breve análise sobre os principais aspectos da arte oral Paiter Suruí de Rondônia, constituída de narrativas míticas, cantigas de pajé, canções do cotidiano, cantos rituais além de canções-relatos de contato que formam um intricado corpo sonoro-antropológico. Esse repertório foi pesquisado ao longo de oficinas desenvolvidas pela Associação Gãbgirey com a colaboração dos mestres conhecedores da memória oral Paiter e de jovens professores. A parte Suruí do acervo Arampiã, gravada pela antropóloga Betty Mindlin, foi digitalizada, analisada e devolvida aos Paiter Suruí com o intuito de incentivá-los a retomar sua música assim como compreender sua cosmologia assim como o passado mais recente desde os primeiros contatos iniciados a partir de 1969. Palavras-chave: Paiter Suruí de Rondônia, música indígena brasileira, tradição oral, arquivos sonoros, Etnomusicologia. Paiter Surui Oral Art-Reflection of the history of a people from Rondônia. ABSTRACT In this communication, I discuss the main aspects of the Paiter Suruí Oral Art, consisting of mythical narratives, shaman sounds, daily ditties, ritual music, and testimony-songs that integrate an intricate sound-anthropological body. Their repertoire was researched along workshops organized by Gãbgirey Association with the collaboration of the master's connoisseurs of the oral memory Paiter and indigenous young teachers. The Paiter part of Arampiã Collection, recorded by the anthropologist Betty Mindlin, was digitized, analyzed and returned to the Paiter Suruí, in order to encourage them to remember their musicality as well as to understand their cosmology and the more recent past after the contact in 1969.

This study analyzes the experience of the Indigenous Paiter-Suruí in Brazil with the Fifty-Year Plan and the Forest Carbon project implemented inside the Sete de Setembro Indigenous Land (SSIL) with the support of distinct political players such as United States-based Google Earth engine, Metareilá, Ministry of Culture, Ecosystem Marketplace/Forest Trends, among others. Brazil has a long history of complex relations with Indigenous rights, including long-due discussions on identity, land
recognition and demarcation. The concern with environmental issues brings in a different layer of political interests to the scene. There is very little dialogue on the acceptance of their forms of
knowledge by mainstream society, and, as this study highlights, this relation to nature is being pressured to be commercialized and quantified in a Western-style system. The essay concludes that the Suruí pact to sell its Carbon Credits to multinationals such as Natura is a good example of this
strategy of paradoxical post-modernity: the traditional local values and culture of the Indigenous society can be represented through new technology, but it is through those machines that the groups can
be observed and appropriated as non-threatening to a global audience.

RESUMO Introdução: Entre os Suruí de Rondônia foram registradas incidências médias de TB > 2.500/100.000 habitantes, entre 1991-2002. Aproximadamente 50% desses casos foram notificados em < 15 anos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo clínico-epidemiológico que teve como objetivo descrever as características clínico-radiológicas em crianças e adolescentes identificados como contatos de doentes de TB. Além disto, aplicar o sistema de pontuação para o diagnóstico de TB na infância e verificar se as condutas adotadas no nível local foram concordantes com as diretrizes nacionais. Resultados: Foram analisados 52 Rx de 37 indígenas. Deste conjunto, 48,1% foram normais e 51,9% anormais. Alguns dos Rx apresentaram duas ou mais alterações, totalizando 36 eventos independentes. Observou-se infiltrados (38,9%), calcificações (38,9%), cavitações (11,1%) e atelectasias/derrame pleural (11,1%). Nas imagens anormais, 22,2% eram TB provavelmente ativa e 33,3% sequelas. A confrontação com as diretrizes constatou 52,6% de condutas discordantes. Conclusões: A presença da infecção tuberculosa latente (ITBL) e TB ativa, entre crianças e adolescentes, são indicadores de transmissão ativa e continuada do Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Os Rx mostrando alta frequência de infiltrados e calcificações é compatível com primo-infecção em idade precoce. Entretanto, essas alterações não são diferentes daquelas observadas entre outros grupos, não sugerindo comprometimento imunológico. As discordâncias apontadas indicam que o momento ideal para o tratamento da ITBL passou despercebido. Conclui-se que é fundamental a utilização do sistema de pontuação para o correto diagnóstico de TB na infância, assim como a realização de baciloscopia e cultura de escarro em adolescentes capazes de expectorar. Palavras-chaves: Tuberculose na infância. Sistema de pontuação para diagnóstico. ABSTRACT Introduction: The average incidence coefficient of tuberculosis in Suruí Indians from Rondônia was 2.500/100.000 inhabitants in 1991-2002. About 50% of these cases were reported in children < 15 years-old. Methods: This study aimed to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of children and adolescents identified as TB case contacts. A score system for the diagnosis of childhood TB was used and the procedures adopted by local health services were in accordance with national guidelines. Results: 52 chest X-rays of 37 indigenous subjects were analyzed; of these, 51.9% were abnormal. Some X-rays showed more than two lesions, making a total of 36 independent events. Infiltrates (38.9%), calcifications (38.9%), cavitations (11.1%) and atelectasis/pleural effusion (11.1%) were observed. Among the abnormal images, 22.2% were probably indicated active TB and 33.3% showed sequelae. Confrontation with the guidelines revealed 52.6% of divergent procedures. Conclusions: The presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active TB between children and adolescents are indicators of active and progressive transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The X-rays showed high frequencies of infiltrates and calcifications, which are compatible with primary infection in early childhood. However, these lesions are not different from those observed among other groups and do not suggest immune deficiencies. The divergences presented show that the best moment for the treatment of LTBI went unnoticed by local personnel. In conclusion, the use of a score system is fundamental for the correct diagnosis of TB in childhood, as is conducting bacilloscopy and sputum culture in adolescents able to expectorate. Keywords: Tuberculosis in childhood. Score system for diagnosis. Radiological findings. South American Indians. Indigenous health.

This work is the report of an astronomy non-formal education expedition carried out by the GalileoMobile initiative in the Paiter Suruí indigenous communities of the Rondonia State, in the Brazilian Amazon, that took place in November 2016. This ethnic group remained " officially uncontacted " by non-natives until the late 1960's, when the population dropped significantly, being decimated by diseases and facing deep changes in their way of living and traditions. Nowadays, the Paiter are seeking ways to maintain their cultural identity and land. Thus, differently from previous GalileoMobile itinerant projects, which had the goal of bringing modern astronomy closer to youngsters of regions with little or scarce access to science outreach actions, this particular expedition had the goal of establishing an exchange of knowledge related to astronomy, promoting a dialogue with the members of this group to understand and record their relationships with the sky. The ground team, which was comprised of three astronomers, one filmmaker and one anthropologist undertook the study of various academic works on ethno and cultural astronomy, as well as specific texts on science education in traditional communities and ethnography of Brazilian indigenous peoples. During the expedition, interviews with the elder members of the Paiter were held, having as a starting point the astronomy outreach activities promoted by the astronomers such as the sky observation with telescopes. We were able to collect three myths related to the Sun, Moon and rainbow. The result of activities, interviews and transcripts yield in a series of videos that will be returned to the community, so that they can use in schools and the community centers as educational material and for the preservation of the Paiter culture, as well as a resource for a detailed ethnographic study of their astronomy.

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of the adult Suruí population, an indigenous society from the Brazilian Amazon, as it relates to socioeconomic conditions. Fieldwork was carried out in February–March 2005, including 252 individuals (88.1% of the total eligible subjects older than 20 years of age in the villages surveyed). Anthropometric measurements were performed following standard procedures, and percentage of body fat (%BF) was measured by bioimpedance. To classify the Suruí according to socioeconomic status (SES), an index was constructed based on a group of variables to characterize socioeconomic differentiation. Evaluated by body mass index (BMI), the majority of Suruí 20–49.9 years of age were overweight (42.3%) or obese (18.2%). The frequency of obesity for women (24.5%) was twice that recorded for men. Subjects classified as overweight or obese also showed high %BF and waist circumference (WC). Women in the high SES category showed higher anthropometric values (including weight, BMI, arm fat area, and WC) and %BF than those of lower SES. This study shows that the Suruí are undergoing a rapid process of nutrition transition. This transition is closely associated with the emergence of intragroup differences in SES which have impacted diet and physical activity patterns. In research in indigenous peoples in Amazonia, greater attention should be paid to the human biological outcomes of socioeconomic transformations related to the growing involvement of native societies in the market economy. Am. Since 1990s, a growing number of studies have called attention to the trend of rapid weight gain and obesity among indigenous peoples in

Objetivos: Descrever e analisar comparativamente os dados
antropométricos de crianças indígenas Suruí, Xavánte e Wari’
menores de 60 meses, a partir dos conjuntos de curvas de
crescimento NCHS/1977 e WHO/2005.
Métodos: A antropometria seguiu técnica padronizada e os
dados foram convertidos em escores z utilizando-se os programas
Epi-Info (Versão 3.4) e WHO-Anthro (Versão Beta). Os índices
estatura/idade (E/I), peso/idade (P/I) e peso/estatura (P/E) foram
os descritores do estado nutricional em todas as crianças menores
que 60 meses e também o índice de massa corporal (IMC) nas de
24-59 meses.
Resultados: As prevalências de E/I < -2 escores z foram:
crianças Suruí, 31,4 (NCHS/1977) e 38,6% (WHO/2005); Xavánte,
30,9 e 42,3%; Wari’, 61,7 e 68,3%. As prevalências de P/I < -2
escores z foram: crianças Suruí, 12,4 (NCHS/1977) e 8,5% (WHO/
2005); Xavánte, 16,5 e 11,6%;Wari’, 51,7 e 45,0%. As prevalências
de P/E < -2 escores z para as crianças Suruí foram nulas (NCHS/
1977 e WHO/2005); para as Xavánte, 1,7 e 3,3%; e para as Wari’,
1,7% e nula. As prevalências de P/E > 2 escores z para as crianças
Suruí foram3,9 (NCHS/1977) e 3,9% (WHO/2005); Xavánte, nula e
0,8%;Wari’, nulas para ambas as curvas. Nas crianças Suruí de 24 a
59meseso percentualcomescore z>2para oIMCfoi de5,4%(WHO/
2005); Xavánte, 9,5%; Wari’, 0%.
Conclusões: Há diferenças importantes nos resultados da
avaliação nutricional, a depender do conjunto de curvas utilizadas,
ainda que o emprego de ambas revele elevadas prevalências de
desnutrição. Sugere-se que, inclusive para fins de comparabilidade,
estudos com populações indígenas apresentem seus resultados
utilizando os dois conjuntos de curvas de crescimento.


ABSTRACT: Objectives: To perform a comparative analysis of
anthropometric data from Suruí, Xavánte and Wari’ indigenous
children under 60 months of age using the NCHS/1977 and theWHO/
2005 growth curves.
Methods: Anthropometric measurements followed standard
procedures and the data obtained were converted into z scores using
the Epi-Info (Version 3.4) andWHO-Anthro (Version Beta) softwares.
The indices height/age (H/A), weight/age (W/A) and weight/height
(W/H) were descriptors of nutritional status for all children under 60
months of age, as well as the body mass index (BMI) for children
24-59 months old.
Results: The frequencies of Suruí children < -2 z scores for H/A
were 31.4 (NCHS/1977) and 38.6% (WHO/2005); Xavánte 30.9 and
42.3%; Wari’ 61.7 and 68.3%. The frequencies of Suruí children <
-2 z scores for W/A were 12.4 (NCHS/1977) and 8.5% (WHO/2005);
Xavánte 16.5 and 11.6%; Wari’ 51.7 and 45.0%. None of the Suruí
children were < -2 z scores for W/H (NCHS/1977 and WHO/2005);
the frequencies of Xavánte children were 1.7 and 3.3% andWari’ 1.7
and 0.0%. The frequencies of Suruí children > 2 z scores for W/H
were 3.9 (NCHS/1977) and 3.9% (WHO/2005); Xavánte 0.0 and
0.8%; Wari’ 0.0 and 0.0%. The frequency of Suruí children aged
24-59 months>2zscores for BMI was 5.4% (WHO/2005); Xavánte
9.5%; and Wari’ 0.0%.
Conclusions: Our findings revealed important differences in the
results from nutritional assessment, according to the set of growth
curves used; however, the use of both growth curves revealed a high
prevalence of malnutrition. Therefore, future studies with indigenous
populations should present their results using two sets of growth
curves to allow consistent comparison.

Foram realizadas culturas bacteriológicas a partir de material colhido na
boca e nariz entre 38 pacientes indígenas Suruí e 58 Karitiana, no Estado de Rondônia. Entre os Suruí, foi isolado S. aureus em 10 (26,3%) indivíduos e S. epidermidis em 25 (65,8%). Na população Karitiana, S. aureus foi isolado em 21 (36,2%) pacientes e S. epidermidis em 42 (72,4%). Testes de sensibilidade as drogas foram realizados com todas as cepas de S. aureus isoladas. É discutido o papel de portadores inaparentes desta bactéria nas cavidades oral e nasal, assim
como alguns aspectos relacionados à sua transmissão e prevalência de piodermites entre populações indígenas.

[Bacteriological examinations were done with 38 Indian patients from the Suruí and 58 patients from the Karitiana groups, in the State of Rondônia, Brazil. Among the Suruí, S. aureus was isolated in 10 (26.3%) individuals and S. epidermidis in 25 (65,8%). In the Karitiana population, S. aureus was recorded from 21 (36.2%) patients and S. epidermidis from 42 (72.4%). Sensibility tests to different drugs were done with all strains of S. aureus isolated. The Authors discuss the role of assymptomatic carriers of these bacteria in the oral and nasal cavities, as well as some aspects related to its transmission and the prevalence of pyoderma infections within Indian population.]

Este trabalho apresenta dados de enteroparasitas encontradas em índios da comunidade tribal de Suruí, em Rondônia, na Região Amazônica do Brasil. As seguintes espécies foram encontradas: Ascaris lumbricoides (53,3%), Ancilostomidae (43,3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (33,3%), Taenia sp. (5,8%), Trichuris trichiura (5,0%), Hymenolepis nana (4,1%), Giardia lamblia (3,3%), Entamoeba histolytica complex (0,8%) e Enterobius vermicularis (0,1%). O encontro de Capillaria sp. nas fezes de dois individuos é discutido.

[In this paper data on enteroparasites found in indians of the Surui tribal community in Rondônia, Amazon Region of Brazil, are presented. The following species were detected: Ascaris lumbricoides (53.3%), Ancylostomidae (43.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (33.3%), Taenia sp. (5.8%), Trichuris trichiura (5.0%), Hymenolepis nana (4.1%), Giardia lambia (3.3%), Entamoeba histolytica complex (0.8%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.1%).]

Este artigo propõe uma conversa inicial a partir da forma como pensamos relações multilingues e multiculturais. As relações entre cultura, língua e identidade são processos que diferem a cada experiência de contato com outras línguas e culturas. Apresentamos algumas relações multilingues e multiculturais que estamos experienciando neste evento, no espaço acadêmico em território Paiter Suruí, entendidas aqui como um trânsito complexo de informações (Simondon, 2015 [2013]). É na aposta sobre o processo de auto-organização (Debrun) que estruturamos este encontro entre diferentes, e que aqui queremos refletir sobre algumas das nossas possibilidades de interação. O acesso democrático à produção de conhecimento assim como a possibilidade de reconhecimento dos saberes de outro grupo social são elementos que entendemos como necessários para quem deseja trabalhar coletiva e intelectualmente em prol do bem comum e de uma cultura de paz. Neste sentido as lógicas não precisam ser ocidentais, e o espaço para compreender o que pode vir a ser conhecimento, a episteme, precisa neste caso se abrir a novas realidades e consequentemente a outras línguas. Esta reflexão se dá no ensejo de efetivamente promover uma sociedade de saberes seja na vida acadêmica, seja no mundo digital, e de melhor compreender estas dinâmicas e possibilidades.