Oral Cancers

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address whether age can be a determinant of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence, distant metastasis (DM) and second primary (SP) in surgically treated oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC). A total of 4981 cases and 44254 controls from 25 comparative observational studies were included in the analysis. A significantly better OS (matched subgroup analysis: OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.31–2.04, overall analysis: OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.09–2.01) was observed in young patients compared to older adults, with heterogeneity ranging from moderate to severe. Worse DFS (unmatched subgroup analysis OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27–0.68) was observed in young patients compared to older adults with minimal to moderate heterogeneity. The frequency of recurrence (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.10–2.02) and DM (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.10–3.03) was significantly higher in the young patients, as found in unmatched and matched subgroup analysis, with the least heterogeneities. Young age can be considered as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and distant metastases in OOP-SCC. Larger and methodologically robust observational studies with longer follow-up are needed to establish the definitive role of age as an independent prognostic factor on OS and DFS in OOPSCC.

Assessment of knowledge of early diagnosis of oral cancer among dental population is needed for early treatment to ensure good prognosis. Knowledge about recent trends in diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures in oral cancer is utmost essential for improving the quality of life in oral cancer patients. Oral cancers are still diagnosed in advanced stages only and the main reason is because of lack of awareness among public and dentists. Early detection, which comprises screening of asymptomatic population and creating awareness of public regarding early signs and symptoms of oral cancer, increases the probability of cure. This article aims in review of knowledge of dentists in early diagnosis, evaluation of dentist’s practice of anti-tobacco counseling and assessment of dentist knowledge on recent trends in diagnosis of cancer- risk potential in three different countries where oral pharyngeal cancer is more prevalent.
Key Words: Oral cancer, early detection, dentist awareness, Prevention.

Biomarkers are broadly classified as genomic, proteomic, or metabolomic. Molecular biology and oncology research studies on oral cancer biomarkers focus on identifying key biological molecules or markers that could be linked to cancer development, risk assessment, screening, recurrence prediction, indicating prognosis, indicating invasion/metastasis and monitoring therapeutic responses of cancer. Cluster of differentiation factor 34 is a salivary biomarker that can identify recurrence potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Integrin α3 and integrin β4 are genomic biomarkers that are helpful in estimating the risk of regional and hematogenous dissemination of malignant oral squamous cells. Other examples are vascular endothelial growth factor, B-cell lymphoma-2, claudin 4, yes-associated protein 1 and MET proto-oncogene, and receptor tyrosine kinase, which are genomic biomarkers that are used to predict radio-resistance in OSCC tissue. The present article reviews the clinical application, methodologies and steps in developing candidate biomarkers, protocols in reporting, evaluating candidate biomarkers, and challenges in biomarker research with a focus OSCC.

Oral cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers in the world, with a delayed clinical detection, poor prognosis, without specific biomarkers for the disease and expensive therapeutic alternatives. This review aims to present the fundamental aspects of this cancer, focused on squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC), moving from its definition and epidemiological aspects, addressing the oral carcinogenesis, oral potentially malignant disorders, epithelial precursor lesions and experimental methods for its study, therapies and future challenges. Oral cancer is a preventable disease, risk factors and natural history is already being known, where biomedical sciences and dentistry in particular are likely to improve their poor clinical indicators.

Oral diseases have a significant impact on health and add the socioeconomic burden. Oral diseases are preventable and potentially improve quality of life by reducing pain and economic burden. Thus, a wisely planned prevention and promotion strategies on a national level is important for society. A clear statement of oral health policy of a country is essential step for improvement of oral health by guiding oral health activities. Oral health policy in India was formulated in 1994. At present, there is a compelling need to evaluate current oral health status and re-structure policy guidelines ensuring proper planning and management of oral health care throughout the country. This review is an effort to evaluate current status and present strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis to identify scope for development of oral health policy in India.

|| Brief Background This article describes the fabrication and function of a maxillary palatally positioned guide ramp to effect post resection physiotherapy. || Materials and Methods Oral examination revealed presence of left lateral mandibular incisor to the left second molar. The treatment plan included the fabrication of a maxillary palatally positioned guide ramp that would be retained by maxillary teeth. || Discussion The cause of mandibular deviation, the need to gain primary closure of the surgical defect, the vertical rotation of the residual mandibular segment and its cause, the discontinuity defects and the design requirements of the graft, the ways to minimize the scarring, the need to increase the angulation of the guide ramp, etc. are matters discussed. || Summary and Conclusions Maxillary palatally positioned guide ramp is an effective means of aiding post resection physiotherapy and preventing excessive scarring and wound contracture. The ramp also guides the mandible towards a more favourable position for effective occlusion. Changing the angulation of the maxillary palatally positioned ramp is essential after every week of its insertion.

This book serves as a guide in medical astrology not just for the astrologers and astrology enthusiasts, but also for those who have no previous knowledge of astrology. This book is the first of its kind in detecting oral cancer in the horoscope. It also offers techniques of predicting different types of cancer, diseases of the mouth and the face including various kinds of eye problems, speech disorders, cleft palate and five types of non-cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions in the mouth. A section on palm lines related to prediction of diseases is added. More importantly the book offers simple astrological remedial measures, the scientific rationale behind them and the methods to derive remedies from the horoscope.

The paper back edition can be purchased by sending a mail to jayasreebooks@gmail.com

The present study was aimed to formulate and evaluate fast
dissolving oral films of Zolmitriptan using sodium alginate, xanthan
gum and sodium starch glycolate, guar gum. The suitable plasticizer
and its concentration were selected on the basis of flexibility, tensile
strength and stickiness of the film. The films are prepared by solvent
casting method and characterized by UV, FTIR studies. The films
were evaluated for disintegration time, Folding endurance, Tensile
Strength, Mouth dissolving time, Thickness, content uniformity and
In-vitro dissolution studies. The F5 formulation has given 98.5% drug
release within 6 minutes and has a tensile strength of 1.80 MPa.

Background: Biochemical studies in evaluation of cancer have shown that various substances alter quantitatively in the serum during tumour development and are referred to as tumour markers, one such marker is Serum Lipid Profile. Materials and Method : In the hospital based study 50 clinically & histopathologically proven patients of OSMF & OSCC 10 healthy age and sex matched controls were studied. Serum lipid profile in the form of (i) Total cholesterol, (ii) LDL cholesterol (iii)HDL cholesterol (iv) VLDL cholesterol (v) triglycerides were analyzed. Results:The results of the present study show evidence of an inverse relationship between the serum lipid profile values of TC,TG, LDL and OSCC. The serum HDL was significantly increased in OSMF group compared to the control group.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of different gamma irradiation doses on the bond strength to enamel and dentine using two different bonding systems. Materials & Methods: flat enamel and dentin surfaces on human premolars were obtained and cylindrical-shaped specimens for the microshear bond strength were built up with Two types of commercially available adhesive systems which have been used in the study along with two resin composites: Filtek 250 XT nanohybrid with Etch and rinse adhesive system (Adper Scotch Bond MultiPurpose) and Filtek LS Low Shrink Posterior composite with LS System Adhesive Self-Etch Primer & Bond. The specimens were assigned to 2 groups (n=20), according to the x-ray dose: 35 or 70 Grays (Gy). Radiation was directed to the surface of the resin cylinders. Microshear testing was conducted within one week for bond strength. Data were submitted to three way-ANOVA and Tukay post-hoc test were used when the ANOVA was significant. Independent t-test was used to study the effect of radiation dosage for each group. Results: Bond strength results were dose, material and substrate dependent. 70 GY irradiation dosages produced a significant reduction on micro-shear bond strength compared to 35 GY. Moreover, total etch adhesive system SB produced significant higher values for Micro-Shear bond strength compared to Self-etch LS. Also Enamel produced the highest mean micro-shear bond strength compared to dentine. Conclusion: Irradiation presents a dose-dependent detrimental effect on the bond strength of resin composite to both enamel and dentin.

The present chrome composite leather-clad (CCLC) rollers employed in cotton roller ginning industries are subjected to tremendous wear and tear. These rollers add to chromium burden of the environment, which display toxic and / or carcinogenic properties. Cotton, grown on the plant as seed-cotton (or kapas) is first processed for getting separation into lint cotton and seed in cotton ginning industries. Due to persistent dust-producing, grinding action of CCLC rollers over stationary knives in ginning machines, they are wearing out constantly and exorbitantly contaminating cotton and its products with chromium.
The dust-producing, grinding CCLC rollers cause air pollution problems in the mill environment. Mill and gin workers are directly exposed to this pollution, and are vulnerable to health hazards. Chromium contaminate lint cotton beyond eco-friendly limits. There is a need to conduct studies on characterization and environmental and health assessment of chromium pollution from cotton roller ginning process due to these rollers. Therefore, an exhaustive research  was undertaken on characterization and assessment of chromium pollution from cotton ginning industries.

Tobacco is a plant product derived from a variety of plants belonging to the genus Nicotiana. The alkaloid nicotine present in the plant leafs is a stimulant and has an addictive effect. The tobacco plants have been historically grown and used for recreational purposes by the American local population. The dried tobacco leaves are consumed as chewing tobacco, snuff, and smoked in a variety of dispensations. Tobacco use (TU) has an adverse effect on various body systems and is a determinant for different diseases ranging from cancers to atherosclerosis. TU is a modifiable environmental risk factor for various diseases. Hence, with public health education and behavior modification, its burden can be reduced in a given society. Thus, the understanding of the incidence and prevalence of its use is necessary. This review attempts to sum up the significance and determinants of TU.

We have established 3 cell lines ORL-48, -115 and -136 from surgically resected specimens obtained from untreated primary human oral squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. The in vitro growth characteristics, epithelial origin, in vitro anchorage independency, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, microsatellite instability status, karyotype and the status of various cell cycle regulators and gatekeepers of these cell lines were investigated. All 3 cell lines grew as monolayers with doubling times ranging between 26.4 and 40.8 h and were immortal. Karyotyping confirmed that these cell lines were of human origin with multiple random losses and gains of entire chromosomes and regions of chromosomes. Immunohistochemistry staining of cytokeratins confirmed the epithelial origin of these cell lines, and the low degree of anchorage independency expressed by these cell lines suggests non-transformed phenotypes. Genetic analysis identified mutations in the p53 gene in all cell lines and hypermethylation of p16INK4a in ORL-48 and -136. Analysis of MDM2 and EGFR expression indicated MDM2 overexpression in ORL-48 and EGFR overexpression in ORL-136 in comparison to the protein levels in normal oral keratinocytes. Analysis of the BAT-26 polyadenine repeat sequence and MLH-1 and MSH-2 repair enzymes demonstrated that all 3 cell lines were microsatellite stable. The role of HPV in driving carcinogenesis in these tumours was negated by the absence of HPV. Finally, analysis of the tissues from which these cell lines were derived indicated that the cell lines were genetically representative of the tumours, and, therefore, are useful tools in the understanding of the molecular changes associated with oral cancers.

Patients with oral cavity cancers often present late to seek medical care. Surgery is usually the preferred upfront treatment. However, surgical resection cannot be achieved in many cases with advanced disease without major impact on patient’s quality of life. On the other hand, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) have not been employed routinely to replace surgery as curative treatment or to facilitate surgery as neoadjuvant therapy. The optimal care of these patients is challenging when surgical treatment is not feasible. In this review, we aimed to summarize the best available evidence-based treatment approaches for patients with locally advanced oral cavity cancer. Surgery followed by RT with or without CT is the standard of care for locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. In the case of unresectable disease, induction CT prior to surgery or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) can be attempted with curative intent. For inoperable patients or when surgery is expected to res...

Keywords: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis are very common painful mucosal conditions affecting the oral cavity. In spite of their high prevalence, etiology remains unclear. The article outlines the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and current trends in the management of recurrent apthous ulcers .

Introduction: Multiple studies have shown a clear association
between Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus. This study
aimed at exploring the outcome of both Pulmonary and Extra
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in patients with Diabetes Mellitus
treated with the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme
Regimen
Material and Methods: A prospective study to summarize
evidence for the impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Tuberculosis
was performed. This study includes 100 patients of Diabetes
Mellitus (DM) with newly diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis
(PTB) or Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB). Patients included
in the study were put on directly observed treatment,
short course (DOTS) three times a week as per the Revised
National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) guidelines.
Results: Sixty four patients had PTB (64%) and 36 patients
had EPTB (36%). Of the 61 PTB cases analysed 41 patients
were smear positive (67%) and 20 patients were smear negative
(33%). Of the EPTB cases, cervical lymphadenitis with
12 cases (33.3%) predominated followed by pleural effusion
with 11cases (30.5%).
Of the 41 smear positive PTB patients, 90% converted to sputum
negative status at the end of 2 months (except one case of
death) The remaining 10% of the patients received an extra
month of intensive phase and these were sputum negative at
the end of 3 months.
Conclusion: This study shows lower FBS levels in patients
with unilateral chest lesions than bilateral lesions. The gain in
the body weight and decrease in FBS level during the progression
of the treatment is reported. Another important finding of
this study is that FBS levels, sputum grading and chest lesions
are correlated and the patients with unilateral chest lesions in
the X ray had lower FBS levels in comparison to those with
bilateral lesions. All these observations indicate that a poor
control of DM was associated with more severe forms of PTB

Introduction: oral cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths among African populations. Lack of standard cancer registries and under-reporting has inaccurately depicted its magnitude in Nigeria. Development of multi-centre collaborative oral pathology networks such as the African Oral Pathology Research Consortium (AOPRC) facilitates skill and expertise exchange and fosters a robust and systematic investigation of oral diseases across Africa.
Methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, we have leveraged the auspices of the AOPRC to examine the burden of oral cancer in Nigeria, using a multi-centre approach. Data from 4 major tertiary health institutions in Western and Southern Nigeria was generated using a standardized data extraction format and analysed using the SPSS data analysis software (version 20.0; SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL).
Results: of the 162 cases examined across the 4 centres, we observed that oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) occurred mostly in the 6th and 7th decades of life and maxillary were more frequent than mandibular OSCC lesions. Regional variations were observed both for location, age group and gender distribution. Significant regional differences was found between poorly, moderately and well differentiated OSCC (p value = 0.0071).
Conclusion: a multi-centre collaborative oral pathology research approach is an effective way to achieve better insight into the patterns and distribution of various oral diseases in men of African descent. The wider outlook for AOPRC is to employ similar approaches to drive intensive oral pathology research targeted at addressing the current morbidity and mortality of various oral diseases across Africa.

The implementation of information technology in healthcare is a significant focus for many nations around the world. However, information technology support for clinical care, research and education in oral medicine is currently poorly developed. This situation hampers our ability to transform oral medicine into a 'learning healthcare discipline' in which the divide between clinical practice and research is diminished and, ultimately, eliminated. This paper reviews the needs of and requirements for information technology support of oral medicine and proposes an agenda designed to meet those needs. For oral medicine, this agenda includes analyzing and reviewing current clinical and documentation practices, working toward progressively standardizing clinical data, and helping define requirements for oral medicine systems. IT professionals can contribute by conducting baseline studies about the use of electronic systems, helping develop controlled vocabularies and ontologies, and designing, implementing, and evaluating novel systems centered on the needs of clinicians, researchers and educators. Successfully advancing IT support for oral medicine will require close coordination and collaboration among oral medicine professionals, information technology professionals, system vendors, and funding agencies. If current barriers and obstacles are overcome, practice and research in oral medicine stand ready to derive significant benefits from the application of information technology.

Objective: Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in developing countries, but studies using global data are scarce. The aim of this study is to analyze the search interests for oral cancer using mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, and lip cancer as common keywords. Methods: Internet searches relating to oral cancer from 2010 to 2020, from 250 countries and dependent areas, were retrieved from Google Trends. Color densities in a heat map were used to show geographic differences. Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn’s analysis was used to perform yearly comparisons of searches for mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, and lip cancer. Search results within 2020 were also compared to determine differences. Forecasting searches from 2021 to 2022 were done by fitting time series models. Results: From 29 of 250 (11.6%) countries, the highest search values were observed for mouth cancer in Sri Lanka, Qatar, Bangladesh, Finland, Netherlands, Spain, and France. Compared to 2020, greater searches were seen in 2018 (Mdn = 91%, P = 0.023) and 2019 (Mdn = 94%, P = 0.012) for mouth cancer, and 2019 (Mdn = 17%, P = 0.035) for lip cancer. The relative search volumes for gum cancer and lip cancer were substantially lower than mouth cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Higher-income countries tend to be more interested in seeking information about oral cancer. Noteworthy decline in the interest in seeking information online for oral cancer may have crucial implications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Google Trends offer an invaluable and inexpensive means for oral cancer surveillance and health-seeking behavior.

The term next-generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming increasingly familiar to clinical oncologists and those patients who are explor- ing options for addressing the most aggressive and intractable forms of cancer. With few exceptions, the analyte of choice for clinical next-generation sequencing is DNA, and the primary motivation for the test is to uncover a genetic variant predictive of response to a targeted cancer therapy. McKinsey & Com- pany (CA, USA) has estimated that by 2018 up to 70% of lung-cancer patients and 60% of colorectal-cancer patients will have some level of DNA sequencing performed on their tumors [1]. The benefits of targeted therapy for those patients with a qualifying mutation are significant – a recent study found treat- ing lung-cancer patients with targeted thera- pies could increase progression-free survival by 18 months [2]. Still, even the largest gene panels fail to match the majority of patients to the US FDA-approved therapy, and most patients that are given genetically targeted therapies eventually progress and then seek other treatment options.
In comparison with DNA analysis, tumor RNA profiling has the potential to guide a much broader set of drugs and treatment approaches, including immunotherapy and chemotherapy. mRNA analysis can reveal tumor antigens and drug targets expressed by cancer cells, as well as the vital status of the tumor microenvironment, including immune response, the integrity of DNA repair mechanisms and engagement of angio- genesis and other cancer-related pathways. Moreover, for over a decade clinically estab- lished prognostic tests based on mRNA sig- natures, the best known being the Oncotype DX® test from Genomic Health (CA, USA) for breast cancer [3,4], have been helping doc- tors and patients make decisions regarding whether to pursue chemotherapy.
In this article, we outline our expectations for growth in RNA-based cancer diagnostics, particularly in immune oncology, and argue that those same forces that brought DNA sequencing into clinical laboratories – falling sequencing costs and a rapidly growing list of actionable markers – will lead to emergence of clinical RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), despite the challenges.

Dear Sir/Madam

We are currently hosting the Oncologist & Diagnostics Conference  which is going to be organized during August 28-30, 2017 Brussels, Belgium. With great pride and honour, we would like to invite you to participate in Oncologist & Diagnostics Conference in Brussels, Belgium

Kindly let me know about you interest toward participation as a Keynote, Speaker, Poster presentation, E-Poster and Video Presentation, delegate.
Kindly find the attached file for conference details

Kindly contact us for any sort of further assistance.
We sincerely hope that you will honour us by accepting our invitation

Regards
Celina Crystal
Manager of oncology and conferences
P 702 508 5200 Ext 8033
#cancerdiagnostics@cancersummit.org

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ConferenceSeries Ltd invites all the participants across the globe to attend the Oncologist & Diagnostics Conference slated on August 28-30, 2017 at Brussels, Belgium.

Cancer Diagnostics 2017 directs towards addressing main issues as well as future strategies of Cancer. This is going to be the largest and most promising international conference where the program includes Clinical Oncologists, Registered Nurses, Nurse practitioners and the entire medical team involved in patient care, researchers, professional, early career individuals and patient advocates who wish to learn principles of tumor immunology and immunotherapy well as decision makers will come to discuss and debate on various aspects of the challenges, risks and investment opportunities throughout the complete information of Cancers. Cancer Diagnostics 2017 will also provide the three days of discussions on methods and strategies related to management and quality improvement of Diagnostics device developing and Cancer Research and as well as to explore the new ideas and concepts on global scale and the topics include lung cancer, breast cancer, bone cancer, leukemia, blood cancer, cervical cancer, colon-rectum cancer, pediatric cancer, surgical cancer, Prostate cancer, thyroid cancer.

According to 2012 statistics approximately 14.1 million cases are reported and 8.2 million deaths are reported. Lung, Liver, Stomach and bowel cancers cause the most common deaths among the worldwide that accounts nearly half of all the cancer deaths. About 70% increase in the cases are to be expected over the next 2 decades. In males 5 most common sites of cancer are diagnosed in 2012 were lung, prostate, colorectal and liver cancers. In females 5 most common sites diagnosed were breast, colorectal, cervix, lung and stomach cancer. Nearly 60% of the world’s total new cases occur in the Africa, Asia and Central and South America regions. All over the world Denmark ranks 1st in the cancer deaths USA is accompanied next to it.

ConferenceSeries Ltd  which is comprised of 3000+ Global Events with over 600+ Conferences, 1200+ Symposiums and 1200+Workshops on diverse Medical, Pharmaceutical, Clinical, Engineering, Science, Technology, Business and Management field is organizing conferences all over the globe. It hosts numerous Cancer Conferences, Cancer meeting, global cancer conference, European Oncology Conferences, Surgical oncology like skin cancer conference, breast cancer conference, liver cancer conference, lung cancer meetings, and Oncology Conferences where knowledge transfer takes place through debates, round table discussions, poster presentations, workshops, symposia and exhibitions and which helps get possibilities for treating the diseases with new era, technology and research.



Why Brussels???

Brussels, a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, is a city of contrasts with enormous diversity, experiencing cool climates all throughout the year. Brussels is also becoming known as a mecca of style, art, and design having bilingualism of Modern French and Old Dutch.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disease that results in progressive juxtaepithelial fibrosis of the oral soft tissues, resulting in increasing loss of tissue mobility , marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. The treatment of oral submucous fibrosis includes iron, multivitamins including lycopene, spirulina, pentoxifyl-line, local submucosal injections of steroids, hyaluronidase and chylomicrons, aqueous extract of healthy human placenta, and surgical excision of the fibrous bands.

Post the industrial revolution, there has been a rapid development in almost all the fields of science and technology, providing a better standard of living. We the humans in the quest for a luxurious life have either knowingly or unknowingly brought about disturbances in the environmental homeostasis. Environmental pollution, climate change, outbreak of life threatening diseases, and crop loss are some of the hardships being faced by the mankind due to developmental operations. There is a need of strong scientific and logical interventions or approach to amend for the loss that did occur in the name of developments. In such a scenario, biotechnology offers a good option for sustainable development of the humans and their environment. The book in its current form discusses the possible interventions that can be carried out employing biotechnology for betterment of human life.
With no prior experience of editing a book, making this dream come true took more than a year, lot of patience, and hard work. Finally, it was a nice learning experience that would surely help me in my future projects. I would like to thank the contributors in the form of students, scholars, scientists, and professors for helping me in this journey with their valuable time.
The book offers scientific knowledge on various topics which includes environment, microbiology, diseases, immunology, in-vitro fertilization, pharmacy, food technology, and many more. I am quitte assured that the book will serve the interest of the scientific society as well as students and common masses. I hereby thus present this book titled – ―Biotechnological interventions in current scientific scenario: Way forward to a healthy future‖ to the open public.

Oral mucocutaneous cancers (OMCs) are cancers that affect both the oral mucosa and perioral cutaneous structures. Common OMCs are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and malignant melanoma (MM). Anatomical similarities and conventions which categorizes these lesions blur the magnitude of OMCs in diverse populations. The burden of OMC is high in the sub-Saharan Africa and Indian subcontinents, and the cost of management is prohibitive in the resource-limited, developing world. Hence, there is a pressing demand for the use of cost-effective in silico approaches to identify diagnostic tools and treatment targets for diseases with high burdens in these regions. Due to their ubiquitousness and accessibility, the use of therapeutic efficacy of plant bioactive compounds in the management of OMC is both appropriate and plausible.

Introduction: Increased prevalence of tobacco related products has been observed in the island territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Chewing tobacco related products is more common than smoking. The predominant component of chewable form is areca nut. Increase in addiction than the population in mainland India could be attributed to the differences in chemical composition of areca nut. The present study intends to delineate the differences in the chemical constituents of areca nuts sourced from Andaman Islands and nuts sourced from India.

Patients having undergone maxillectomy as a result of carcinoma in the region or facial trauma are left with severe facial disfigurement that is associated with long term psychosocial effects. As one side of the face loses the crucial support from the maxilla, innovative customized treatment options become the choice of rehabilitation. Ideally, such treatment should be preceded by consultation with a prosthodontist which unfortunately most of the times is not the case. Rehabilitation of maxillectomy patients is not possible without incorporating the dynamics of facial expression. This article discusses a patient having undergone maxillectomy who was successfully rehabilitated with an obturator that had an additional lip/cheek plumper incorporated in its design.

Background: The grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma can be useful along with TNM staging in determining treatment plan. The aim is to evaluate the prognostic value of histopathological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma and to find its importance in setting appropriate treatment plan.
Methods: The study includes 60 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases surgically operated during January 2012 to December 2018. From the archival paraffin blocks and available resected specimens of each case, the histological parameters used in Bryne’s invasive grading system and Almangush BD model were evaluated and compared to their prognosis.
Results: The parameters used in BD model-tumor budding and depth of invasion were found to be statistically significant with prognosis of the disease. Except for nuclear polymorphism, the parameters used in Bryne’s invasive front grading system do not correlate with prognosis.
Conclusion: Based on the prognostic significance, tumor budding ≥5 buds in the invasive front area and depth of invasion ≥4mm can be used as risk factors in prospective clinical trials by considering them in early stage disparity cases for multimodality treatment approach and elective neck dissection.

The aims of this study were to describe the temporal trend of OC from 2001 to 2016 and to analyze the space and space-time clusters of high mortality due to OC in Ecuador from 2011 to 2016. Methods. The present study is a mixed ecological study; the time trends were obtained using a Joinpoint regression model, space-time scan statistics was used to identify high-risk clusters, and Global Moran I index was calculated. Results. In Ecuador, between 2001 and 2016, OC caused a total of 1,025 deaths. Crude mortality rates significantly increased, with an APC (annual percentage change) of 2.7% (p = 0.009). The age-standardized mortality rate did not significantly increase (APC: 1.73%; p = 0.08). The most likely cluster was detected in 2015, included 20 cantons. The second cluster included 38 cantons, in the years 2014 to 2016. The Global Moran I index for the study period showed a negative spatial autocorrelation (−0.067; p = 0.37). Conclusion. Mortality due to OC in Ecuador significantly increased over the 16-year study period, the young groups being the most affected. 
Ecuadorian provinces present high variability in types of OC and cancer rates.