Online Audience

This chapter focuses on the application of visitor studies methodologies to museums as cultural institutions that incorporate digital media into their cultural programming and social activities. It provides a comprehensive guide to three types of research methods employed by contemporary museums to study online visitors: quantitative, behavioral and qualitative. Illuminating how traditional museum visitor research tools informed emerging digital methods, the chapter describes important procedures of online museum audience studies. Step by step, three sections introduce more sophisticated online methods, which add new dimensions to the understanding of virtual visitors.

The prolificacy of the Nigerian video-film industry, tagged Nollywood, has attracted wide attention and won the acclaim of a large cross-border audience. The success of the video-films is largely attributed to their nature as popular art, created by the people for the people. Popular art is noted for its openness to novelty, and the accessibility of the video technology has had an important role to play in the development of this industry. This same openness to technology can be applied to the audience of popular art, which, given its greater involvement in the performance, holds a key position in the promotion of such culture. The development of new information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, has led to an increased participation of audiences in general. This has brought about new considerations in terms of audience research. This article takes a preliminary look at the online presence of the Nigerian video-film audience with the goal of determining whether the Internet has brought about any changes in this popular art audience. It concludes that the use of the Internet has not changed the characteristics of the popular art audience, but has enhanced them, giving this audience a greater visibility.

This article investigates the online comments made by Arab Facebook users on news items posted on the Facebook pages of two very popular TV channels: Al-Jazeera Arabic and Al-Arabiya. This study employs different methods to closely examine over 620,000 comments posted on the two Facebook pages as well as studying the most commented on news stories from a total of 11,685 news reports. The results indicate that commentators expressed some dominant sentiments that are mostly in line with the TV channels' coverage of certain events, while certain news topics attracted most of the online public's comments especially on Al Jazeera channel. This research study investigates the online public comments posted on two Facebook pages that belong to two well-known TV channels in the Arab world. There are no previous studies that examined this aspect of social networking sites (SNS) use; there are no other studies that investigated comments in Arabic in such a large scale despite the fact that they have significant importance as part of audience sentiments toward news stories. The theoretical framework of this research article is based on the selective exposure theory, and this study offers a novel approach in examining the social media audiences of TV stations since previous studies have been largely focused on

La presente labor de investigaciónintenta contribuir con una aproximación a la mirada de losmedios tradicionales y su fase productiva como medio-empresa y su relación medio-poder, al igual que se busca comprender dequé forma el ecosistema digital  y las redes de interconexión social contribuyen a la sobresaturación del espectro comunicativo,contribuyendo en gran medida a una desinformación propia,endógena, de todo proceso de comunicación masiva, por lo que se podría considerar a la desinformación como un estado natural del ecosistema, más que la usual mirada amoral y fuera de contexto de cualquier ética de la comunicación.

Jill Schostak and I wrote this book as part of our evolving interest in doing research radically.  By radically we mean engaging with people's voices to learn how to create the conditions for social justice and for democratising all the organisations of everyday life.  We draw on our own research but also on the ways in which the media is used to shaw people's voices and behaviours.  We explore all the ways in which the desires and demands of elites are inscribed upon minds and bodies as well as how writing may create the conditions for counter inscriptions.  Writing research is to engage politically.  Whether it is the Arab Spring re-inscribing hopes for freedom, the Occupy Movement or young people challenging orthodoxies at home or in classrooms through use of the media, it is the power of writing in its broadest sense that makes the difference.

This review of the literature published between 2005 and 2014 presents an overview of the methodological environment in which audience research is transiting towards the study of online audiences. Online audience research is a mix of long-established research rationales,

This review of the literature published between 2005 and 2014 presents an overview of the methodological environment in which audience research is transiting towards the study of online audiences. Online audience research is a mix of long-established research rationales,

In this study, we address the impact of COVID-19 on classical music concerts. New forms of cultural consumption and their convenience have raised the question as to whether concert halls will still be needed in the future, and whether the audience will take on the extra time and effort to be present in person at a musical artistic event. In an analysis of international surveys, we formed an accurate picture of music listening habits in the period before and during the pandemic. We also administered a survey, completed by 134 music teachers. Although the findings cannot be generalised to society as a whole, the respondents in the sample are well acquainted with the artistic setting and possess sufficient prior experience, so their opinion is relevant to the topic. Despite the convenience of the online space and the rich selection of art available, the interviewed music teachers will still prefer live music events, which offer them a more profound experience.

Focusing on Belgian University students using illegal services to watch American TV series, this paper offers to take a look at new practices and habits online, using a methodology combining 16 media diaries filled by respondents during one week and post diaries in-depth interviews .
The concepts of autonomy, participation, and interactivity are brought into the discussion to help us understand the behaviours of individuals of this new audience. It is argued that the major shifts in behaviours and practices come when individuals switch from a device (the television) to another (the computer) to consume fictional cultural content online. Moreover, results show that this autonomous and to a certain extent participatory and interactive audience is demanding not only in terms of which TV series they are willing to consume but also in terms of the language and subtitles of the content consumed, the genre of content consumption, and the flexibility to chose the time of consumption.

This chapter compares the rhetorical techniques deployed by Barack Obama in his concession speech following the loss of the 2008 Democratic Primary with an online lecture delivered by David Cameron prior to the 2010 UK general election. This chapter analyses these speaches with reference to Alfred and Elizabeth Lee's 'Techniques of Propaganda' developed for the analysis of polemical radio broadcasts. As these speeches were both broadcast via YouTube the capacity for instant and in depth public comment can be by analysed in the context of the techniques deployed within each speech. The interaction between commentators also poses interesting possibilities for the understanding of propaganda in an online context.

This review of the literature published between 2005 and 2014 presents an overview of the methodological environment in which audience research is transiting towards the study of online audiences. Online audience research is a mix of long-established research rationales,

The article publishes the results of a nationwide survey FOM (2015/2016), approximately 4500 respondents, by the degree of civic engagement, according to their domi-nant orientations consisting of volunteers, activists, ordi-nary people, a Web of ordinary people, the outsiders. The degree of confidence in the screens of the media was be-ing studied weekly with the audience of Runet, thus there was determined a great interest of the audience to vir-tual news screens, the most popular news channels, and the actors of civic participation were identified as well.

В статье публикуются результаты общенационального опроса ФОМ (2015/2016), примерно, 4500 респондентов, по степени гражданской активности, по их доминирующим ориентациям состоящих из волонтеров, активистов, обывателей, Web-обывателей, аутсайдеров. Выяснялась степень доверия экранам СМИ, исследовалась недельная аудитория рунета, определялся наибольший интерес у аудитории виртуальных новостных экранов и самые популярные новостные каналы, идентифицировались акторы гражданского участия.