Montecarlo Simulation

This work studies the design of the treatment room for an 18-MV linac to ensure radiation protection and safety of hospital staff and patients. The walls' thickness, the door, and the maze were designed according to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report 151 recommendations. The results of this work are contrasted with the Monte Carlo calculations performed with the MCNP5 code where dose equivalents due to neutrons and neutron spectra estimated at different points inside and outside the radiotherapy room verify that the shielding thicknesses obtained are enough to reduce the dose level permitted by Mexican regulation.

Embodied energy analysis can be used as a construction design assessment tool in a sustainable matrix for a building. Its implementation however remains challenging mainly because of data measurement errors. A comparison between the deterministic embodied energy (EE) of a building and the stochastic EE of the same building undertaken using Monte Carlo simulation showed a wide variation in results. It is recommended that the specification of EE intensity of building materials in the construction industry can assist in ...

Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry were evaluated as methods for routine multielement analysis of biological material. Standard samples included Standard Reference Materials (National Bureau of Standards), compounded mixtures, and supplements that provided a wide range of elemental concentrations for analysis. Elements included in this study were Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Fe, Mg, Cu, Ca, As, Se, Br, Rb, and Sr. Standards were analyzed as unknowns by participating laboratories. The two methods were evaluated for sensitivity, precision, and accuracy, and the results compared to those obtained for atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of identical standard unknowns. Both methods compared favorably and both were determined to be highly reliable for such an application. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared and discussed.

Statistics plays a leading role in finance. The explosive development of increasingly complex markets makes it more and more difficult for practitioners to correctly value financial asset. Statistical analysis has become a powerful tool for a better market valuation, taking a leading role in the development of new financial products that try to hedge the increasing amount of risks that an investor has to take. Statistics knowledge demand is steadily increasing in Hedge Funds, Investment Banking and Financial Institutions in general, where statistics students could developed a professional career. Finance can be seen as a way to motivate students on the applications of almost any statistical tool we would like to teach them, since we could always find an example where these techniques are put into practice.

Embodied energy analysis can be used as a construction design assessment tool in a sustainable matrix for a building. Its implementation however remains challenging mainly because of data measurement errors. A comparison between the deterministic embodied energy (EE) of a building and the stochastic EE of the same building undertaken using Monte Carlo simulation showed a wide variation in results. It is recommended that the specification of EE intensity of building materials in the construction industry can assist in producing accurate and more credible EE values of building.

Actualmente existe en desarrollo un sistema de monitoreo de salud estructural (SHM, por sus siglas en inglés), capaz de detectar daños inducidos en tiempo real en una estructura mediante sensores de deformación distribuidos en esta [1]. No obstante, el monitoreo global requiere de una alta densidad de censado, lo que limita el alcance del sistema en estructuras aeronáuticas, dado que el peso restringe el número de sensores que pueden llevarse a bordo [2]. Por ello, en este trabajo se desarrolla una galga extensiométrica (sensor de deformación piezoresistivo) de bajo peso, mediante el uso de micropartículas de Ag (1-3 µm) dispersadas en polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS). Un compuesto polimérico conductor (CPC) aquí llamado Ag-PDMS, de menor peso específico que los metales usualmente utilizados como material sensible en galgas, tales como los metales. Para complementar el estudio experimental, se hicieron simulaciones de Montecarlo basadas en teoría de grafos para la definición y caracterización del mecanismo de conductividad en los CPC.

Today, evaluation of thermohygrometric indoor conditions is one of the most useful tools for building design and redesign and can be used to determine energy consumption in conditioned buildings. Since the beginning of the Predicted Mean Vote index (PMV), researchers have thoroughly investigated its issues in order to reach more accurate results; however, several shortcomings have yet to be solved. Among them is the uncertainty of environmental and subjective parameters linked to the standard PMV approach of ISO 7730 that classifies the thermal environment. To this end, this paper discusses the known thermal comfort models and the measurement approaches, paying particular attention to measurement uncertainties and their influence on PMV determination. Monte Carlo analysis has been applied on a data series in a " black-box " environment, and each involved parameter has been analysed in the PMV range from −0.9 to 0.9 under different Relative Humidity conditions. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis has been performed in order to define the role of each variable. The results showed that an uncertainty propagation method could improve PMV model application, especially where it should be very accurate (−0.2 < PMV < 0.2 range; winter season with Relative Humidity of 30%).

The evaluation of indoor comfort conditions is used in building design, also in order to contain energy consumption. To date, researchers deeply investigated PMV aspects, in order to reach more accurate results, but several shortcomings have to be solved yet. Indeed, the ISO 7730 classify thermal environment quality by basing on PMV approach, which is linked to the uncertainty of environmental and subjective parameters. The paper aims discussing the known thermal comfort models and the measurement approaches, by paying particular attention to the uncertainties of measurement and their influence on the prediction of the indoor conditions through the PMV model. In this regard, the Monte Carlo Analysis has been applied on a data series. Furthermore, each parameter was analysed in the PMV range from-0.9 to 0.9 and under different RH conditions. The results showed that uncertainty propagation method could improve PMV model application, especially where it should be very accurate (-0.2<PMV 0.2 range; winter season with RH 30%).

Purpose: This study aims to model 6MV photon of Clinac®iX linear accelerator using PRIMO Monte Carlo (MC) code and to assess PRIMO as
an independent MC‑based dose verification and quality assurance tool. Materials and Methods: The modeling of Clinac®iX linear accelerator
has been carried out by using PRIMO simulation software (Version 0.3.1.1681). The simulated beam parameters were compared against the
measured beam data of the Clinac®iX machine. The PRIMO simulation model of Clinac®iX was also validated against Eclipse® Acuros XB
dose calculations in the case of both homogenous and inhomogeneous mediums. The gamma analysis method with the acceptance criteria
of 2%, 2 mm was used for the comparison of dose distributions. Results: Gamma analysis shows a minimum pass percentage of 99% for
depth dose curves and 95.4% for beam profiles. The beam quality index and output factors and absolute point dose show good agreement with
measurements. The validation of PRIMO dose calculations, in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous medium, against Acuros® XB shows
a minimum gamma analysis pass rate of 99%. Conclusions: This study shows that the research software PRIMO can be used as a treatment
planning system‑independent quality assurance and dose verification tool in daily clinical practice. Further validation will be performed with
different energies, complex multileaf collimators fields, and with dynamic treatment fields.

A novel methodology to assess the risk of power transformer failures caused by external faults, such as short-circuit, taking the paper insulation condition into account, is presented. The risk index is obtained by contrasting the insulation paper condition with the probability that the transformer withstands the short-circuit current flowing along the winding during an external fault. In order to assess the risk, this probability and the value of the degree of polymerization of the insulating paper are regarded as inputs of a type-2 fuzzy logic system (T2-FLS), which computes the fuzzy risk level. A Monte Carlo simulation has been used to find the survival function of the currents flowing through the transformer winding during a single-phase or a three-phase short-circuit. The Roy Billinton Test System and a real power system have been used to test the results.

We calculate the radiative corrections to the angular correlation between the polarization of the decaying and the direction of the emitted spin one-half baryons in the semileptonic decay mode. The final results are presented, first, with the triple integration of the bremsstrahlung photon ready to be performed numerically and, second, in an analytical form. A third presentation of our results in the form of numerical arrays of coefficients to be multiplied by the quadratic products of form factors is discussed. This latter may be the most practical one to use in Monte Carlo simulations. A series of crosschecks is performed. Previous results to order (alpha/pi)(q/M_1) for the decays of unpolarized baryons are reviewed, too, where q is the momentum transfer and M_1 is the mass of the decaying baryon. This paper is self-contained and organized to make it accessible and reliable in the analysis of the Dalitz plot of precision experiments involving heavy quarks and is not compromised to fixing the form factors at predetermined values. It is assumed that the real photons are kinematically discriminated. Otherwise, our results have a general model-independent applicability.

We extend the Markov-switching dynamic factor model to account for some of the specificities of the day-to-day monitoring of economic developments from macroeconomic indicators, such as ragged edges and mixed frequencies. We examine the theoretical benefits of this extension and corroborate the results through several MonteCarlo simulations. Finally, we assess its empirical reliability to compute real-time inferences of the US

Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) is the new generation of Geiger-Muller counter device developed in semiconductor technology [S. Privitera et al. Sensors Journal, vol 8 Iss. 8 (2008) 4636; S. Tudisco et al. IEEE Sensors Journal vol 8 ISS 7-8 (2008) 1324; S. Cova et al. Applied Optics 35 (1996) 1956]. Physical dead time model and noise production process has