Molecular Biochemistry

Cefuroxime axetil (CA) is an oral cephalosporin which hydrolyzes rapidly to the active parent compound cefuroxime. CA is known to have incomplete oral bioavailability (30–50%) due to its poor solubility and enzymatic conversion to cefuroxime in the gut lumen. In order to overcome these drawbacks, a lipid-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) has been developed and optimized. The SNEDDS formulations were prepared using the aqueous phase titration method. The greatest self-emulsifying area was found in the 2:1 Smix ratio. As a result, different SNEDDS formulations were carefully selected from this phase diagram based on their smaller droplet size < 100 nm, polydispersity index ≤ 0.5, dispersibility (Grade A), and transmittance (%) > 85%. Thermodynamic stability tests were carried out in order to rule out any metastable/unstable SNEDDS formulations. The droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (% EE) of optimized CA-loaded SNEDDS (C-3) were 18.50 ± 1.83 nm, 0.064 ± 0.008, −22.12 ± 1.20 mV, and 97.62 ± 1.06%, respectively. In vitro release studies revealed that the SNEDDS formulation had increased CA solubility. CA-SNEDDS-C3 increased CA cellular uptake, possibly due to increased CA solubility and the inhibition of enzymatic conversion to cefuroxime. Finally, in terms of the improvement of oral bioavailability, CA-loaded-SNEDDS could be a viable alternative to commercially available CA formulations.

Introduction: The essential oils of Xylopia aethiopica fruits have been reported to possess numerous biochemical effects. However, no toxicological data is available regarding the safety evaluation of the essential oils from the plant spice. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of essential oils from X. aethiopica (XAEO) fruit by acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies in experimental rodents. Methods: In assessing the safety of XAEO, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests were performed following OECD guidelines 425 and 407, respectively, with slight modifications. At the end of each test, hematological and biochemical analysis of the collected blood was performed. Histopathological examination of vital organs of the animals was conducted for gross findings and for comparison to controls. Results: In acute oral toxicity, signs of toxicity were observed in the initial period of the experiment which culminated in the death of the mice before the end of the experi...

A Laboratory Manual for the Preparation of Chemical Reagents, Solutions and Special Indicators. ETHIOPIAN BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE, Microbial Biodiversity Directorate. This manual includes detailed view of the following: Laboratory Safety Precautions, Chemical Reagent Preparation, Buffer and Chemical Solution Preparation, Staining Solution Preparation, Indicators and Dye Solution Preparation, Preparation of Special Reagents, Known and Suspected List of Carcinogens and References.

Practical in Animal Science is the crucial in broadening the students knowledge in side of practice in addition to the theoretical session. This practical session may include the farm management, routine activities in farm, feed production and etc. This paper will talk about swine production, poultry production, fish farm, and also forage production.

BIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS CONTROLLED BY THE MIND
By Christian MURESANU

A new physiological approach for old empirical knowledges transmitted by « ancestral traditions ».

Didier JAMBOU, MD, PhD
Nice University Hospitals – France

After a period of intensive development of science and technology during XXth century, more and more humans want now to explore and practice again ancestral ways of life (biological agriculture, yoga practice …), with the feeling that science is not the sole possibility to obtain responses to their fundamental questions.
In that way, exploring the body and mind functionning appear as a possible way to reach happiness, in harmony with nature and its respect. New means of communications allow the circulation of informations between cultures, with no more barriers between occidental and oriental ones.
Recent progresses in neurophysiology have underlined the power and potentials of the brain, and have opened a wide field of future discoveries in its functionning.
We could classify the data exposed in this original book in these new fields.
Indeed, the author tries here to elaborate a new theory on the physiological functionning, of our body, first based on a personal experience of health recovery after years of illness.
His approach fieds from an analyze of what he experienced, but also in the light of yoga and zazen study, the testimonials found in other traditions, compared to the actual comprehension of the universe structure by the way of quantum physics.
Even if the concept of transbioplasma described here, allowing the transmission of vital enegy during some particular states of the body to the brain cannot be, at the moment, physically measured, it opens a « new door » in the comprehension of the effect of our way of life on our body and brain.
The phenomena analyzed in this first volume of book concerning transformed sexual energy could be applicable to other states of the human physiology. But it necessitates further research development in areas which are not yet explored, and more important, to elaborate new ways of body physiology evaluation.

BOOK REVIEW by Didier JAMBOU, MD, PhD
- Nice University Hospitals – France
- French Society of Hematology and Thrombosis, GEHT,
- Member of the Scientific council of Nice Faculties of Medicine,
- International societies: ISTH, ISLH, MLTD.
- New York Academy of Sciences, and more