MPV

O ponto de partida deste trabalho reside na leitura da Teoria da Separação dos Poderes e Funções Estatais, apontando a complexidade que permeia as atividades de cada um dos Poderes constitucionais. No momento seguinte abordamos a atividade legislativa pelo Poder Executivo no Brasil, passando pelo instituto do Decreto-Lei para então introduzir a Medida Provisória e suas reformas, a saber, a Emenda Constitucional nº 32/2001, a releitura da temática por Michel Temer e a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal através da ADI nº 4.029. Estabelecidos os pressupostos que permeiam o entendimento de nosso objetivo central, buscamos apresentar a existência de uma separação das Medidas Provisórias em duas espécies distintas, as Medidas Provisórias Comuns e as Medidas Provisórias de Efeitos Consumados. Neste sentido, as primeiras se diferenciam desta pelo fato de que, uma vez devidamente publicada, seja em função do tipo de matéria abordada ou em função de determinados dispositivos inseridos no texto legal desta norma, sua aprovação pelo Congresso Nacional se faz quase obrigatória. Assim, a fim de estabelecer as características gerais e específicas desta variação da Medida Provisória classificamos todas as 622 Medidas Provisórias editadas após a EC nº 32. Após a distribuição das MPs dentro das sete categorias, nos propusemos a analisar ao menos uma Medida Provisória de cada categoria, apontando suas características e os motivos que justificavam sua classificação como Medida Provisória de Efeito Consumado. Durante nossos estudos verificamos ainda uma possível exceção à regra, a MP nº 611/2013, que mesmo dotada das características típicas das MPECs acabou sendo freada pelo Poder Legislativo. Ao fim, já na conclusão deste trabalho, apresentamos a verificação acerca da existência das Medidas Provisórias de Efeitos Consumados, indicando a necessidade de regulação e controle das mesmas, a fim de evitar a usurpação de funções constitucionais e a hipertrofia do Poder Executivo.

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The starting point of this monograph lies in the Theory of Separation of Powers and State Functions, where we debate the constitutional issues that periodically arise concerning the relationship between the executive and legislative. During our studies we review the legislative activity by the Executive in Brazil, starting by the Institute of Decree-Law and then heading to the Provisional Measures (PM) and its reforms, namely the Constitutional Amendment No. 32/2001 (CA 32), the reading of the theme made by Michel Temer and the performance of the Supreme Court of Justice through the ADI No. 4029. After established the assumptions that underlie the understanding of our central objective, we intent to demonstrate the existence of two distinct species of Provisional Measures: Common Provisional Measures and Provisional Measures with Consummated Effects (PMCE) - basically, the first differ from this one by the fact that, this specie, once properly published, either in terms of the subject covered or according to specific articles inserted in the legal text, its approval by the Congress becomes almost mandatory. Thus, in order to establish the general and specific characteristics of this variation of Provisional Measures we did classify all 622 Provisional Measures issued after the EC 32. After the distribution of all PMs within the seven categories created, we set out to analyse the Provisional Measures, deeply explaining at least one from each category, indicating their characteristics and reasons that justify their classification as Provisional Measures of Consummated Effects. During our studies we also found a possible exception to the rule, the PM No. 611/2013, endowed within the typical characteristics of PMCE ended up being braked by the Legislature. At the end, by the completion of this work, we present the verification about the existence of the Provisional Measures of Consummated Effects, indicating the need for regulation and control of the same, in order to prevent the usurpation of constitutional functions and hypertrophy of the Executive.

Croton membranaceus root and leaf extracts are used in the Bahamas to aromatize tobacco, in Nigeria to improve digestion, and in Ghana, for benign prostate hyperplasia. Despite claims of success there is paucity of information on its toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine if Croton membranaceus has acute toxicity properties.Roots were air-dried in a solar dryer for one week before milling. The powder was extracted with 96% ethanol, freeze-dried and re-extracted with distilled water and freeze-dried. 15 male Sprague–Dawley rats (180–200 g) were divided equally into 2 treatment groups [low dose (LD) and high dose (HD)], plus a control group (C). LD and HD received 1500 and 3000 mg/kg b.wt. Croton membranaceus aqueous extract, respectively, one time and observed for 14 days. Haematological [Full Blood Count and haemoglobin (Hb)], biochemical [bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatise (ALP), γ-glutamyltranspetidase (GGT), urea, creatinine, creatinine kinase – Muscle and Brain (CK-MB), creatinine kinase – Total (CK-R)] examinations were performed.Control group's CK-MB (5444 ± 534 U/L) and LD group CK-MB (4014 ± 1016 U/L) were significantly different (p < 0.05). Control and the HD group CK-MB (3955 ± 1135 U/L) were significantly different (p < 0.05). Both LD and HD CK-R levels (697 ± 197 U/L and 732 ± 203 U/L, respectively), were lower than the control (1139 ± 220 U/L) at 48 h and 14 days (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). γ-GT levels of the HD group was 4.8 ± 0.4 U/L compared to the Control group value of 0.9 ± 0.2 U/L (p < 0.05).Taking all factors into consideration, Croton membranaceus ingestion does not produce general acute toxicity. However, its creatinine kinase lowering ability could be explored.

Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), an anticaking agent for mixed feed, was added alone or simultaneously with a toxic Zearalenone (ZEN) dose to balb/c mice and was evaluated for its ability to restore damages induced by ZEN. The latter is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium genera; it is mainly known to induce several toxic effects such as hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity and nephrotoxicity on animals and humans. The experimental approach consisted of eight treatments of six mice each by 400 mg/kg bw or 5 g/kg bw of HSCAS. Two experimental groups have received respectively ZEN alone at 40 (8% of LD50) and at 500 mg/kg bw (LD50). Two other groups have received ZEN at 40 or 500 mg/kg bw combined respectively with HSCAS at 400 mg/kg bw and 5 g/kg bw. The control groups received water or olive oil. Forty-eight hours after treatment, blood samples were collected for haematological and serum biochemical parameters measurements. ZEN treatment significantly increased hematocrit, ha...

A high mortality occurs in dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) during the first 2 weeks after the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response and coagulation abnormalities in dogs with IMHA in relation to the prognosis and to establish the contribution of whole blood tissue factor (TF) and IL-8 gene expressions. Gene expressions in dogs with IMHA were compared to healthy dogs, dogs with DIC, dogs with sepsis, and in two groups of dogs that underwent intensive care treatment but had no evidence for either DIC or sepsis. The whole blood TF and IL-8 expressions were up regulated in all non-IMHA groups. Similarly, the TF expression in IMHA dogs was high, but the intravascular IL-8 expression was not increased. The dogs with IMHA had a pronounced inflammatory response that included a high WBC, left shift and monocytosis in comparison to the other disease groups. Coagulation factor activities in IMHA dogs were decreased fitting consumptive coagulopathy and the acute phase proteins FVIII and fibrinogen were increased. The platelet parameters suggested platelet activation and high platelet turnover in IMHA dogs. The model that best explained mortality contained monocytosis, increased activated partial thromboplastin time and elevated creatinine. Whole blood TF gene expression is up regulated and may contribute to consumptive coagulopathy in dogs with IMHA. Increased TF expression by activated platelets is an alternative explanation and should be investigated.

Description ``Essential&apos; &apos; Robust Statistics. The goal is to provide tools allowing to analyze data with robust methods. This includes regression methodology including model selections and multivariate statistics where we strive to cover the book ``Robust Statistics,Theory and Meth-ods&apos; &apos; by Maronna, Martin and Yohai; Wiley 2006.

Croton membranaceus root and leaf extracts are used in the Bahamas to aromatize tobacco, in Nigeria to improve digestion, and in Ghana, for benign prostate hyperplasia. Despite claims of success there is paucity of information on its toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine if Croton membranaceus has acute toxicity properties.Roots were air-dried in a solar dryer for one week before milling. The powder was extracted with 96% ethanol, freeze-dried and re-extracted with distilled water and freeze-dried. 15 male Sprague–Dawley rats (180–200 g) were divided equally into 2 treatment groups [low dose (LD) and high dose (HD)], plus a control group (C). LD and HD received 1500 and 3000 mg/kg b.wt. Croton membranaceus aqueous extract, respectively, one time and observed for 14 days. Haematological [Full Blood Count and haemoglobin (Hb)], biochemical [bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatise (ALP), γ-glutamyltranspetidase (GGT), urea, creatinine, creatinine kinase – Muscle and Brain (CK-MB), creatinine kinase – Total (CK-R)] examinations were performed.Control group's CK-MB (5444 ± 534 U/L) and LD group CK-MB (4014 ± 1016 U/L) were significantly different (p < 0.05). Control and the HD group CK-MB (3955 ± 1135 U/L) were significantly different (p < 0.05). Both LD and HD CK-R levels (697 ± 197 U/L and 732 ± 203 U/L, respectively), were lower than the control (1139 ± 220 U/L) at 48 h and 14 days (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). γ-GT levels of the HD group was 4.8 ± 0.4 U/L compared to the Control group value of 0.9 ± 0.2 U/L (p < 0.05).Taking all factors into consideration, Croton membranaceus ingestion does not produce general acute toxicity. However, its creatinine kinase lowering ability could be explored.