MP

O ponto de partida deste trabalho reside na leitura da Teoria da Separação dos Poderes e Funções Estatais, apontando a complexidade que permeia as atividades de cada um dos Poderes constitucionais. No momento seguinte abordamos a atividade legislativa pelo Poder Executivo no Brasil, passando pelo instituto do Decreto-Lei para então introduzir a Medida Provisória e suas reformas, a saber, a Emenda Constitucional nº 32/2001, a releitura da temática por Michel Temer e a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal através da ADI nº 4.029. Estabelecidos os pressupostos que permeiam o entendimento de nosso objetivo central, buscamos apresentar a existência de uma separação das Medidas Provisórias em duas espécies distintas, as Medidas Provisórias Comuns e as Medidas Provisórias de Efeitos Consumados. Neste sentido, as primeiras se diferenciam desta pelo fato de que, uma vez devidamente publicada, seja em função do tipo de matéria abordada ou em função de determinados dispositivos inseridos no texto legal desta norma, sua aprovação pelo Congresso Nacional se faz quase obrigatória. Assim, a fim de estabelecer as características gerais e específicas desta variação da Medida Provisória classificamos todas as 622 Medidas Provisórias editadas após a EC nº 32. Após a distribuição das MPs dentro das sete categorias, nos propusemos a analisar ao menos uma Medida Provisória de cada categoria, apontando suas características e os motivos que justificavam sua classificação como Medida Provisória de Efeito Consumado. Durante nossos estudos verificamos ainda uma possível exceção à regra, a MP nº 611/2013, que mesmo dotada das características típicas das MPECs acabou sendo freada pelo Poder Legislativo. Ao fim, já na conclusão deste trabalho, apresentamos a verificação acerca da existência das Medidas Provisórias de Efeitos Consumados, indicando a necessidade de regulação e controle das mesmas, a fim de evitar a usurpação de funções constitucionais e a hipertrofia do Poder Executivo.

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The starting point of this monograph lies in the Theory of Separation of Powers and State Functions, where we debate the constitutional issues that periodically arise concerning the relationship between the executive and legislative. During our studies we review the legislative activity by the Executive in Brazil, starting by the Institute of Decree-Law and then heading to the Provisional Measures (PM) and its reforms, namely the Constitutional Amendment No. 32/2001 (CA 32), the reading of the theme made by Michel Temer and the performance of the Supreme Court of Justice through the ADI No. 4029. After established the assumptions that underlie the understanding of our central objective, we intent to demonstrate the existence of two distinct species of Provisional Measures: Common Provisional Measures and Provisional Measures with Consummated Effects (PMCE) - basically, the first differ from this one by the fact that, this specie, once properly published, either in terms of the subject covered or according to specific articles inserted in the legal text, its approval by the Congress becomes almost mandatory. Thus, in order to establish the general and specific characteristics of this variation of Provisional Measures we did classify all 622 Provisional Measures issued after the EC 32. After the distribution of all PMs within the seven categories created, we set out to analyse the Provisional Measures, deeply explaining at least one from each category, indicating their characteristics and reasons that justify their classification as Provisional Measures of Consummated Effects. During our studies we also found a possible exception to the rule, the PM No. 611/2013, endowed within the typical characteristics of PMCE ended up being braked by the Legislature. At the end, by the completion of this work, we present the verification about the existence of the Provisional Measures of Consummated Effects, indicating the need for regulation and control of the same, in order to prevent the usurpation of constitutional functions and hypertrophy of the Executive.

The present work is directed towards developing a better understanding on strengths characteristics of concrete using as a partial replacement of cement by marble dust powder and sand by stone dust. The Dissertation work is carried out with M30 grade concrete for which the marble powder is replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% by weight of cement. For all the mixes compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths are determined at different days of curing apart from this the beams were casted and tested under flexural, the load and deflection are noted simultaneously and also the crack pattern were observed. In addition to this, sand is replaced with stone dust (SD) by 10%, 20% and 30% along with cement is replaced with MP by 0%, 10% and 20% by weight for M30 grades of concrete. Only 3 cubes were casted for various percentage replacements of sand with SD and cement with MP for 7days and 28 days compressive strength. The results of the present investigation indicate that marble dusts incorporation results insignificant improvements in the compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths of concrete and The load carrying capacity of RMP RCC beams {mix2 and mix3} is more compared to RCC conventional beams up to 10% of replacement and also for stone dusts and marble dust incorporation results insignificant improvements in the compressive strengths of concrete up to 20% of SD and 10% of MP of replacement.

The Internet/World Wide Web (Web) is an important way for the sharing and selling of products and services, including music, in crescent virtual communities. The MP3 standard is the world’s most popular file format and allows many on-line individuals to access to music which they would otherwise be denied. Although electronic commerce (e-commerce) has received considerable research attention, the literature reveals that the relationship between the music industry and the consumers trough the Internet has not yet been sufficiently studied. This research contributes to a better understanding of the use of MP3 files as legal products and also as digital piracy. This paper considers the nowadays and the future use of MP3 and attempts to provide a research agenda.

Mp3 compression is commonly used to reduce the size of digital music files but introduces a number of potentially audible artifacts, especially at low bitrates. We investigated whether listeners prefer CD quality to mp3 files at various bitrates (96 kb/s to 320 kb/s), and whether this ...

Delivering course content via portable/mobile audio players can be a part of an effective selfregulatory strategy that also accommodates multiple learning styles while overcoming intrusive thoughts and the anxiety that accompanies them. As a result, academic performance can improve, while increasing self-concept and self-efficacy. Preliminary results of a literature search tracing the impact of intrusive thoughts on performance and a survey of students in extreme conditions where intrusive thoughts are common, suggest that audio downloaded via podcast and played on mobile players can be an effective strategy for combating intrusive thoughts. The combination of surveys and published research also suggested that further studies are warranted in order to explore the most appropriate podcast-based solution to numerous varieties of negative cognitive and emotional responses.

The websites of parliamentary chambers and of the representatives themselves, together with the public email addresses of the deputies and senators for exchanging messages with citizens, open up expectations of an electronic democracy or cyberdemocracy, in line with the aspirations of so-called “deliberative democracy”. The comparison made between the resources for contact offered by the British, French, Italian and Spanish parliaments show a relative backwardness in the Spanish case. The additional experiment of electronic consultation with all of the Spanish deputies and senators with a public contact address generated an index, with a highly minority character, of answers to the supposed common citizen who sent messages. The figure for answers obtained is even lower than that of a similar study from 2001, which, together with another prior study from 1999, is used as a basis for comparison. The distribution of answers by chamber, political party, region, etc., is analysed comparatively with the earlier studies we have mentioned, and leads to a reflection on the conditions for fomenting a viable cyberdemocracy.

Archaeologists have long debated the timing and implications of the appearance of stone projectile weaponry in prehistory. One method for identifying long-distance projectiles—those propelled with a spearthrower or bow—is through the tip cross-sectional area (TCSA) of the stone armatures. TCSA is said to reliably differentiate hafted North American ethnographic dart points, arrow points, and replicated hand-cast/thrusting spear points. These functionally-specific values, when applied to the TCSA measurements of archaeological point assemblages from Africa, Levant, and Europe, suggest that long-distance projectiles do not appear until after 40 Ka (Shea 2006). In this study, we calculate the TCSA values on hafted Australian ethnographic specimens of macroblade spears and stone Kimberley points. We found that the TCSA measurements on Australian hafted long-distance armatures fail to match the functionally-specific TCSA values determined from the North American samples. The implications of this are discussed.

RESUMO: O texto se propõe a tomar como foco de análise a Medida Provisória (MP) nº 746/2016 e as proposições relativas à reforma curricular do ensino médio. Partimos do entendimento do currículo em suas dimensões restrita (matriz curricular) e ampla, como tecnologia social a serviço de ações hegemônicas e/ou contra hegemônicas. À luz do conceito de Estado ampliado de Gramsci, a partir do qual o tensionamento entre sociedade política e sociedade civil engendra disputas por hegemonia, desenvolvemos a análise considerando duas fontes: os argumentos trazidos nas audiências públicas que debateram a Medida Provisória até sua conversão em Projeto de Lei (PL) e, finalmente, em Lei; e as proposições em torno da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), considerada central para a implementação da reforma.

A number of new technologies such as the MP3 music compression format and the Napster file sharing network are creating new opportunities for consumers' activities with music media. In this paper we explore current practice with both conventional and new forms of media in order to better understand what the future may hold for music consumers. We interviewed 36 music enthusiasts: 12 teenaged and 12 adult conventional music users, and 12 early adopters of MP3 technologies. The results show that rather than new music technologies replacing the old, they supplement current formats by allowing users to exploit a different set of affordances. We discuss these uses drawing implications for new music devices, services and software.