Literary Tourism

Acknowledging the recent enthusiasm for house museums, homes to illustrious men and women, this issue discusses the wide variety of spaces understood as such and the difficulty to categorize them, through a critical analysis. Far from dwelling on the supposed novelty of this phenomenon, the issue rather adopts ahistorical perspective and underlines the long-distant origin of this type of museum, made up of social practices of local inhabitants as much as the institutions. This is the result of slow, gradual processes of “becoming heritage” and “becoming a museum”, as show the papers in this issue. The issue’s
international perspective allows a wide perspective capturing both to the commonalities and specificities of the muzealisation process for these homes, as well as a wide variety of methodological approaches and
research themes.

Dwellings inhabited by writers were the first house museums founded in the UK, and writers still dominate the vocations of culture heroes whose houses continue to be museumised today. This paper contextualises house museums in museology and heritage, reviewing the professionalising strategies and rhetoric of the genre. It surveys  commentators' ideas about writers' house museums, mainly the work of journalists and scholars, influential in shaping public ideas about literary houses. The experience of non-specialist visitors is considered in the light of contemporary cultural heritage tourism. These sources throw light on the future of writers' house museums.

A organização do III Congrés Internacional Geografies Literàries lançou-me o desafio de refletir sobre a geografia literária a partir de uma perspetiva que a relacionasse com o turismo cultural e questões de ordem didática. Neste texto, procurei articular e sintetizar estas ideias e, assim abordarei primeiramente a questão das confluências entre literatura e território, em seguida as interseções entre geografia literária e turismo cultural e, por fim as possibilidades de articulação entre turismo literário e ensino. 1. CONFLUÊNCIAS ENTRE LITERATURA E TERRITÓRIO Principio, portanto, com as confluências entre literatura e território, mais precisamente com algumas considerações relativas à presença dos mapas nos livros. Na verdade, a presença de mapas em livros, nomeadamente em obras literárias, é um fenómeno que acompanha a própria história do livro. Encontramo-los frequentemente na face interior das capas e contracapas, anunciando apenas a viagem para a qual o livro nos convida (quase em jeito de porta de embarque). Trata-se de mapas normalmente classificados como decorativos ou ilustrativos, mas cuja presença, na verdade, é sempre impregnada de significado, já que a representação do mapa prepara o leitor para a ideia de viagem ou, pelo menos, para a ideia de que as personagens se irão mover sobre um espaço que aporta significado à obra. Quando o leitor vê um mapa num livro fica predisposto a prestar particular atenção ao espaço e a todas as movimentações realizadas dentro desse mesmo espaço. Falamos de mapas que podem ser reais ou imaginários, sobre os quais se assinalam os percursos ou o local onde decorre a ação. Ainda que sem qualquer outro fundamento que não a minha perceção enquanto leitora, atrevo-me a afirmar que a presença dos mapas nos livros é mais comum nos livros de viagens e naqueles cuja ação decorre em territórios imaginários, (nomeadamente na literatura para crianças), surgindo como uma forma de concretizar a descrição que narrador faz do espaço da ação. Ainda que entre os estudiosos da cartografia, aqui no sentido da arte, ciência e tecnologia de fazer mapas (Kent & Vujakovic, 2018: 1)-não no da sua interpretação, que veremos mais adiante-, se mantenha o dilema sobre qual deve ser considerado o primeiro mapa da história da cartografia (há questões natureza conceptual que os dividem e que não cabem neste trabalho, cf. Edney, 2019), todas as possibilidades em discussão remetem para uma existência muitíssimo remota do mapa. Na verdade, a produção de mapas acompanha a própria evolução do ser humano, o que atesta o quão

Subtitle: The relationship between literary tourism and film tourism based on Lord of the Rings.

Introduction: Albeit, there has been an increasing interest in New Zealand as a film tourism location, far too little attention has been paid to the travel motivations. The paper compares Hungarian attitude to the international data constructed by Anne Buchmann concerning the relationship of literary tourism and film tourism in the case of Lord of the Rings.  The hypothesis of the dissertation is: in case of Lord of the Rings literary tourism has become incorporated into film tourism.

Methods: Secondary data by Anne Buchmann includes relevant data of international arrivals to New Zealand. Primary data is collected by online questionnaire based on the attitude of Hungarian people to a journey discovering the real location of Lord of the Rings with four main question groups including the acquaintance of Lord of the Rings, questions about the novel, film and the country of New Zealand.

Results: The questionnaire was conducted by 105 respondents. Almost 50% of them got to know the novel after the release of the first film. 46% indicated the experienced scenery as the best part of the movies while only 32% considered the storyline as the most enjoyable part of the directed films. 83% would create a Lord of the Rings theme tour involving the literary and cinematographic work with the main focus on the movie experience.

Discussion: The results indicate that in case of Lord of the Rings film tourism is not the only purpose for travelling, the literary work of J. R. R. Tolkien should be taken into account as well.

Conclusion: Films based on well-known novels generate a mixed type of tourism including literary tourism as a part of film tourism, in these cases literary tourism becomes incorporated into film tourism.

This chapter analyses two travel narratives within the scope of literature and tourism studies, aiming to explore the motivations to undertake journeying and the experience of (literary) pilgrims. The first is the novel Flights, by Olga Tokarczuk (2007), and the second is "How the Mind Works," by Patti Smith (2017). This chapter defines the umbrella concept of "tourist literature" and takes a cross-disciplinary perspective combining the hermeneutics process with findings from the literature review on tourism studies. The analysis of Flights reveals the touring identity and experience of a pilgrim and reflections about airports, travel guides, tourists, and their syndromes. The analysis of Patti Smith's short story uncovers the touring identity and experience of a literary pilgrim who is strongly motivated to undertake literary-inspired trips towards the authors' places.

This book assembles contributions from an international body of scholars interested in the multi and interdisciplinary study of literary tourism and film-induced tourism. The book contributes to the literature on these two research fields by being a platform for critical discussion, examining concepts, trends and methods, and documenting the advances in research on the intersections of literature, film and the act of travelling.  Encompassing a wide range of topics from literary museums, literary tours, motivations of literary tourists and film-induced tourists, women travellers, film tourism destinations, literary places to digital literary tourism, this book covers literature and film as drivers of sustainable tourism development, cultural identity, preservation of heritage, community relations and development, literary and cultural literacy, and destination marketing.

Turystyka literacka i filmowa jest na początku XXI w. jedną z najdynamiczniej rozwijających się form turystyki kulturowej. Jej celem są zarówno miejsca i obiekty związane z życiem i działalnością twórców, jak i uwiecznione w dziełach plenery. Szczególne zainteresowanie turystów wzbudzają interaktywne teatralne formy zwiedzania, udział w różnorodnych wydarzeniach kulturalnych, wędrówki szlakami tematycznymi etc. W artykule zaprezentowano fenomen turystyki literacko-filmowej na świecie i w Europie, a zwłaszcza Wielkiej Brytanii. Kraj ten jest zdecydowanym liderem na europejskim rynku podróży tego typu, o czym decydują zarówno wieloletnie tradycje (np. odbywający się od ponad 50 lat Bloomsday), jak i najnowsze podróże śladami bohaterów bestsellerów D. Browna i J.K. Rowling. W dalszej części opracowania zaprezentowano potencjał turystyki literackiej i filmowej w Polsce, m.in. muzea literackie, szlaki tematyczne, wydarzenia filmowe, miasta posiadające swój literacko-filmowy mit. W podsum...

Literary tourism is a sub-sector of cultural tourism and relates to travelling to places connected to fictional texts and the authors of those texts. Although it is an old form of tourism and lies at the foundation of classic European Grand Tour, it has not received much academic attention until recently and a number of qualitative studies on literary tourist experiences is still limited.

The general aim of this study is to address the lack of knowledge on literary tourist experiences by analysing the role of authenticity in literary tourist experience through the analysis of literary tourists‟ accounts of their literary trips. The scientific objective is to explore the connection between the imagination and authenticity at literary tourism sites. An ongoing discourse on authenticity in tourism saw the emergence of different views and resulted in proposition of three types of authenticity, namely objective, constructive and existential authenticity; the first two types are viewed as object-related, while existential authenticity is subject (or tourist)-related and is based on personal experience.

The research tasks are, firstly, to explore how respondents prescribe meanings to their literary tourist experiences; secondly, to discover how authenticity appears in narratives of literary tourist experiences; and, thirdly, to find out how respondents construct their narratives of literary tourist experiences. Collected data includes seven narratives, written by respondents on their literary tourist experiences; it also includes a travel journal, jointly produced by members of after-school study group from Ironville about their literary trips, and group supervisor‟s notes on the effects of literary tourism on students. Apart from content analysis, structural analysis of narrative was conducted using Greimas‟s actantial model.

The research results support the assumption that both object-related (objective and constructive) and subject-related (existential) authenticity are important in literary tourist experience, and that object-related authenticity can facilitate subject-related authenticity. The study confirms that authenticity is perceived and consumed differently by individual literary tourists based on their motivations, expectations and dedication to writers and literary works. Analysis of narratives using Greimas‟s actantial model demonstrates that respondents‟ narratives follow similar structure and are centred on literary tourists‟ quest for authenticity.

The results of the study can be utilized in management of literary destinations. Future research on literary tourist experiences could concentrate for instance on the specifics of tourists' age and gender, literary touristic "communitas" and literary tourism as family activity.

The present chapter interrogates the image of the “literary city”, in particular with the emergence of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network, and the title of “city of literature” (awarded since 2004).  Considering the complex relationships between literature and place in global contexts, the first question to ask is How is the literary city configured and which elements are important in its recognition? To try to answer this question, we first delve into the manifold relationships between literature and the city, before addressing some main issues in literary tourism and city marketing. Afterwards, by analysing three cases of UNESCO’s cities of literature, configurating elements of the literary city are identified.

This thematic call for papers focuses on literary and dark tourism intersections. Literary tourism refers to travelling to literary places, i.e., places where writers have been, lived, worked and/or written about or been inspired. Dark tourism is an umbrella concept for any form of leisurely displacement towards places associated with death, suffering, atrocity, tragedy or crime.

Thus, when the motivation to visit a dark tourist attraction derives from reading a novel or an interest in the writer’s biography, that constitutes dark literary touring.

Dark literary tourism blends two different niches of cultural and heritage tourism, which have at their core the tourists’ emotional connection with the site, either due to fictional stories or linked to real tragedies. This way, dark literary tourism provides new narrative accounts to destinations to widen/change their image and attract new visitors in a growing fragmented cultural tourism context. Nevertheless, strategies to develop dark literary tourism and provide such experiences could be complex given its intangible literary nature and the variety of relationships between literature and dark topics. In this sense, there is a need to explore the different types of dark literary tourism and how to generate a dark literary tourism offer. That is so because it could add more layers to destinations’ tourism offers to cope with tourists’ interests and redistribute tourism activity over the territory

Whilst literary tourism is not a new phenomenon, the level of extant research is not as great as might be expected. This study investigated the strong connection between Byron, the poet and fighter for Greek independence, and his ancestral home, Newstead Abbey in Nottinghamshire, England. The concept of literary tourism is examined in some detail before reviewing the findings of a substantial sample of visitor respondents, in terms of their personal characteristics and perceptions of the site. Place of residence and nationality were found to be critical in determining visitor motivation. Perhaps surprisingly, genuine literary pilgrims represented just 11 per cent of the sample. Undoubtedly, individual research is required to establish the level of a literary connection at any given site.

Turystyka literacka i filmowa jest na początku XXI w. jedną z najdynamiczniej rozwijających się form turystyki kulturowej. Jej celem są zarówno miejsca i obiekty związane z życiem i działalnością twórców, jak i uwiecznione w dziełach plenery. Szczególne zainteresowanie turystów wzbudzają interaktywne teatralne formy zwiedzania, udział w różnorodnych wydarzeniach kulturalnych, wędrówki szlakami tematycznymi etc. W artykule zaprezentowano fenomen turystyki literacko-filmowej na świecie i w Europie, a zwłaszcza Wielkiej Brytanii. Kraj ten jest zdecydowanym liderem na europejskim rynku podróży tego typu, o czym decydują zarówno wieloletnie tradycje (np. odbywający się od ponad 50 lat Bloomsday), jak i najnowsze podróże śladami bohaterów bestsellerów D. Browna i J.K. Rowling. W dalszej części opracowania zaprezentowano potencjał turystyki literackiej i filmowej w Polsce, m.in. muzea literackie, szlaki tematyczne, wydarzenia filmowe, miasta posiadające swój literacko-filmowy mit. W podsumowaniu wskazano na możliwości wykorzystania tych zasobów do rozwoju tej formy podróżowania w naszym kraju.

Literature, films and television series create imaginary worlds, portray landscapes, expand knowledge about the world, nurture emotions and inspire people to travel. This special issue focuses on the phenomenon of people travelling to places associated with a novel, poem, writer, television series or film. These tourism niches-literary tourism and film-induced tourism-are expressions of media tourism, and over the past few decades, they have been significant in developing new destinations and experiences.

Drawing upon Westphal's idea of the city conceived as a " mega-Book " , recent studies in the field of Digital Humanities have shown an interest in translating real itineraries into fictional ones, as well as in introducing imaginary spaces and characters to our geospace. Since this interrelation between the real and fictional has become a blurred one, new layers of meaning have been attributed to the geographical places and their potential economic benefit when used in relation to tourist attractions. The process of this hyper-realization, a technologically and culturally mediated experience that takes reality to its limits, is nowadays impacting the most actual practices of cultural tourism in Italy and beyond. Introduced by the intersection between fiction and reality and put into practice by means of geospatial technologies, the use of advanced " interactive maps " and GPS-based applications as means of orientation is constantly changing the concept of literary pilgrimages and " jet-setting " tourism. The aim of this presentation is to reflect on the intersection between actual concepts such as " reading spaces " as defined by Westphal and Baudillard's " hyper-reality " that do not only endow the idea of traveling with a different, modified character, but also tend to merge real spaces, fictional places and virtual maps, and, thus, modify the concept of " reality " itself.

Framing literary and film-induced tourism into a sustainable perspective" is one of the symposia of the International Tourism Congress 2022. This session aims at a solid interdisciplinary dialogue and invites presentations on conceptual, methodological and empirical advances regarding these two niches of cultural and heritage tourism from a sustainable perspective. It focuses on the development and research of literary tourism and filminduced tourism products and experiences that foster sustainable development of destinations and cultural heritage and on examples of practices that endanger sustainability. Issues such as preservation, planning, strategies and partnerships at the tourist destinations will be discussed. Possible topics include but are not limited to: • literary tourism, film-induced tourism and sustainability: the visitors' and the locals' perspective, • literary and film-induced tourism: preservation, planning, strategies and partnerships, • comparative studies on literary and film-induced tourism, • case studies of literary and film-induced tourism, • community-based tourism: literary and film-induced tourism, • consumption of literary places and film locations, • impacts of filmmaking and tourism on locations and communities, • literary and film-induced tourism: education and paving the way for future generations, • literary and film-induced tourism: authenticity and sustainability, • challenges for literary and film-induced tourism, • culturally sensitive literary and film-induced tourism.

The article discusses the concept of authenticity in relation to literary travel and other forms of media-induced travel. Focusing on the power of fictional narrative to draw members of the audience to locations associated with a story, the paper aims to find out what exactly visitors are expecting to find when journeying to locations with literary and media associations. An overview of previous research demonstrates how the concept of authenticity has been understood in connection with travel inspired by literature, films and TV productions. An analysis of recent research, focusing on literary and screen-induced travel, demonstrates that perceptions of what is authentic varies between individual visitors based on their level of dedication to fictional narratives and the meanings they attribute to them. There is a number of ways in which visitors seek for and encounter different types of authenticity at sites with media connections.

Literary tourism is a type of cultural tourism  that deals with places related to  the  lives  and  the  works of writers.  Starting from  a corpus analysis, this dissertation shall  illustrate  the manipulative techniques of the language employed in literary tourism websites.
In the first part of  this  paper,  some  brief  theoretical information will be given,  since literary  tourism  has a  quite  long history and has already been studied by  a large number of scholars.
In  the  second  part,  a  small  corpus  of  texts  collected  from  websites  about  this  topic shall  be examined. Firstly, the method used for this research will be described and secondly, the results will be presented.
The third and last part of  this  work, then,  concerns the analysis of two pictures and of a particular extract taken from one of the texts used for the corpus.
Finally, the conclusion will  explain the  choice of the  title given to this paper  and will summarize  the  most  common  techniques  used  by  tourism  stakeholders  in  order  to  lure possible tourists into buying what they offer .

Departing from the assumption that cinema has always had the capacity to represent social structures and movements and provide valuable sources of information about societal phenomena, this chapter employs representation as a research approach to offer contributions to understanding realities "outside the film" regarding literary tourists' motivations, experiences, and literary places. The authors analyse cinematic representations of literary tourism in feature films and take the perspective of literary tourism studies, reviewing the literature on cultural tourism, special interest tourism, niche tourism, literary tourism, and literary sites and landscape. The analysis and interpretation of the cinematic sequences reveal two opposed ideas of what literary tourism experiences might be: a shallow, disappointing, and inauthentic experience or a meaningful and authentic event.

Edebiyat turizmi, yazarların doğdukları, yaşadıkları, eserlerini kaleme aldıkları müze statüsündeki gerçek mekânlara; yazarların eserlerindeki kurgusal karakterlerle bağlantılı yerlere ya da edebi figürlerden dolayı popüler hale gelmiş destinasyonlara yapılan seyahatleri ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışma, yazarların eserleriyle bağlantılı kurgusal mekânlardaki edebiyat turizmi deneyimini otoetnografik bir yaklaşımla ele almaktadır. Kültürel deneyimi anlamak amacıyla kişisel deneyimin betimlendiği bir yöntem olarak tanımlanan otoetnografiyi kullanarak çalışmada, kurgusal mekânlarda önemli olan edebiyat turizmi unsurlarını açığa çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla araştırma alanı olarak 2012 yılından beri İstanbul'da faaliyet gösteren Masumiyet Müzesi seçilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kurgusal edebi mekânlarda yorumlamanın önemli bir unsur olduğu ve yorumlama aracılığıyla bu mekânlarda eserle bağlantılı unsurların canlandırılması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmadan çıkan bir diğer önemli sonuç, Masumiyet Müzesi'nin eseri okumamış olan ziyaretçilerin de farklı motivasyonlarla müzeyi gezebilecekleri unsurları barındırıyor olmasıdır.

Literature, films and television series create imaginary worlds, portray landscapes, expand knowledge about the world, nurture emotions and inspire people to travel. This special issue focuses on the phenomenon of people travelling to places associated with a novel, poem, writer, television series or film. These tourism niches-literary tourism and film-induced tourism-are expressions of media tourism, and over the past few decades, they have been significant in developing new destinations and experiences.

A organização do III Congrés Internacional Geografies Literàries lançou-me o desafio de refletir sobre a geografia literária a partir de uma perspetiva que a relacionasse com o turismo cultural e questões de ordem didática. Neste texto, procurei articular e sintetizar estas ideias e, assim abordarei primeiramente a questão das confluências entre literatura e território, em seguida as interseções entre geografia literária e turismo cultural e, por fim as possibilidades de articulação entre turismo literário e ensino. 1. CONFLUÊNCIAS ENTRE LITERATURA E TERRITÓRIO Principio, portanto, com as confluências entre literatura e território, mais precisamente com algumas considerações relativas à presença dos mapas nos livros. Na verdade, a presença de mapas em livros, nomeadamente em obras literárias, é um fenómeno que acompanha a própria história do livro. Encontramo-los frequentemente na face interior das capas e contracapas, anunciando apenas a viagem para a qual o livro nos convida (quase em jeito de porta de embarque). Trata-se de mapas normalmente classificados como decorativos ou ilustrativos, mas cuja presença, na verdade, é sempre impregnada de significado, já que a representação do mapa prepara o leitor para a ideia de viagem ou, pelo menos, para a ideia de que as personagens se irão mover sobre um espaço que aporta significado à obra. Quando o leitor vê um mapa num livro fica predisposto a prestar particular atenção ao espaço e a todas as movimentações realizadas dentro desse mesmo espaço. Falamos de mapas que podem ser reais ou imaginários, sobre os quais se assinalam os percursos ou o local onde decorre a ação. Ainda que sem qualquer outro fundamento que não a minha perceção enquanto leitora, atrevo-me a afirmar que a presença dos mapas nos livros é mais comum nos livros de viagens e naqueles cuja ação decorre em territórios imaginários, (nomeadamente na literatura para crianças), surgindo como uma forma de concretizar a descrição que narrador faz do espaço da ação. Ainda que entre os estudiosos da cartografia, aqui no sentido da arte, ciência e tecnologia de fazer mapas (Kent & Vujakovic, 2018: 1)-não no da sua interpretação, que veremos mais adiante-, se mantenha o dilema sobre qual deve ser considerado o primeiro mapa da história da cartografia (há questões natureza conceptual que os dividem e que não cabem neste trabalho, cf. Edney, 2019), todas as possibilidades em discussão remetem para uma existência muitíssimo remota do mapa. Na verdade, a produção de mapas acompanha a própria evolução do ser humano, o que atesta o quão

Yazarların doğdukları, yaşadıkları, eserlerini kaleme aldıkları mekânlar bir kültürel
miras unsuru olarak turistik destinasyonların önemli değerlerini oluşturmaktadır. Yazarla
bağlantılı bu edebi mekanlar otantiklik, nostalji ve yazarla duygusal bir bağlantı kurma
arayışında olan edebiyat turistleri için oldukça çekicidir. Çalışmanın amacı, yazarla bağlantılı
bir edebi mekânın edebiyat turizmindeki etkinliğinin çeşitli unsurlar açısından
değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla araştırma alanı olarak Kastamonu’nun “Sarı Yazma” diyarı
olarak bilinen Cide ilçesinde bulunan “Rıfat Ilgaz Kültür ve Sanat Evi” seçilmiştir. Veri
toplama amacıyla gözlem ve görüşme yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada edebi mekân, aldığı
yorumlama kararları, tercih ettiği yorumlama teknikleri ve mekânın otantiklik düzeyi unsurları
ışığında analiz edilmiş ve buna bağlı olarak edebiyat turizmindeki etkinliği edebiyat turistlerinin
beklentileri ve memnuniyet düzeyleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları Rıfat
Ilgaz Kültür ve Sanat Evinin edebiyat turistlerine otantik bir deneyim sunduğunu
göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte mekânın yorumlama kararlarının ve yorumlama tekniklerinin,
edebiyat turistlerinin sahip oldukları motivasyonlara ve edebi farkındalık düzeylerine göre nihai
deneyimleri üzerinde çeşitli etkileri olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

This article explores the relationship between readers' embodied experiences in the world and the creative act of encountering fiction. In particular, it looks at three examples of Sherlock Holmes-inspired literary tourism. Their authors each use walking as a means of encountering the literary spaces of Arthur Conan Doyle's texts and of deliberately adding to them, expanding the space of Holmes's world beyond the page. By introducing the concept of 'expansionary literary geography', this article suggests that forms of embodied, worldly engagement with literature-whether derided as 'literary fanship' or celebrated as literary tourism-can also be forms of reading, acts of creative encounters with fiction, in their own right. Its argument proceeds through close readings of three Sherlockian texts-Arthur Axelrad's On the Scent (1984), David Hammer's A Dangerous Game (1997), and Richard Warner's Guide Book and Instructions for the Ascent of Holmes Peak (1985). It is demonstrated that through the power of walking to combine embodied experience of the actual world with acts of memory and imagination, the three authors' travels work to inscribe the Sherlock Holmes texts into the world. In this way, their walking and its representation become a form of both reading and writing, a physical experience of the unfolding of narrative in time and space, and a contribution to the imaginative expansion of Holmes's world.

This paper focuses on Creative Cities of Literature of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and analyses how the policies and actions of the cities in this network can contribute to their cultural environment. It builds a mixed theoretical framework that looks at UNESCO’s Creative Cities Network, the Educating Cities Network and the European Heritage Strategy for the 21st Century. Then, to establish a set of recommendations that assesses the management of literary heritage in creative cities of literature, we have carried out a two-phase content analysis of the participating cities’ monitoring reports. In the first phase, the analysis is found on the specific criteria of cities of literature that are already part of UNESCO’s Creative Cities Network. In the second phase, the analysis is based on the list of challenges and recommendations defined by the European Heritage Strategy for the 21st century. This analysis shows that the City of Literature programme as a whole is a database of best practices for developing an urban literary environment. The article presents a set of actions to enhance the cultural environment of a literary city by focusing on its use of its literary heritage.

Neste capítulo, começamos por apresentar a Rota Literária do Algarve (RLA), o contexto da criação desta proposta e os seus principais objetivos. Num segundo momento, descrevemos alguns dos itinerários que a compõem, salientando as suas características, o seu processo de construção e as estratégias adotadas. Num terceiro momento, a partir da experiência de produção de passeios literários, apresentamos uma proposta metodológica de construção de itinerários literários. Na secção final, enfatizamos o potencial que estes passeios podem ter  em contexto escolar, na ocupação dos mais idosos, na formação de guias locais e na promoção dos autores algarvios junto de um público internacional.

This special section started its life as papers delivered at the American Association of Geographers meeting in 2015, in two panels which broadly considered the relationships between 'the work and the world'. Those panels explored the various ways in which literatures overspill their textual boundaries and interact with the world. The papers that were delivered together suggested that the space of 'the work', or literature, or art, is not necessarily distanced from the spaces of the world. From studies of mobility as a theme in literary representations, to new ways of mapping, and histories of travel and writing, these papers each argue that literary works are necessarily bound up in extra-textual space, and these extra-textual spaces are constituent parts of literature. Joining these papers is a mutual recognition that being mobile is as important as being in place for people's encounters with fiction. The interactions of mobile people with texts are used by each author as a way to think through the various expressions and consequences of the embodied and experiential act of encountering literature. In this special issue, we consider how the dynamic relationships between reader and text, person and world, can reverberate on literary creation and recreation. We demonstrate a variety of ways in which the space of literature and literature's relationship to the extra-textual world are being theorised within the broad church of literary geography. .

A investigação em literatura e turismo, nas suas
diversas formas, persiste em manter um sentido crescente, quer porque
se reconhecem as vantagens e a riqueza dos contributos deste tipo de
investigação interdisciplinar e multidisciplinar, quer porque o turismo
literário é um meio alternativo e lúdico para favorecer uma "nova"
literacia, nomeadamente, para uma nova geração de turistas-leitores.
É com base nesta convicção que surge a publicação de « literatura
e turismo literário - Memória e diáspora », um volume pertinente para
estudantes e investigadores, que reúne dez trabalhos de especialistas
na área. Ensaios que foram organizados em função das duas grandes
linhas de pesquisa nesta área: a que se centra no tema do turismo
literário e a que analisa os textos de tourist literature.
Todos estes trabalhos foram inicialmente apresentados no
Colóquio Internacional Patrimonialiser la mémoire diasporique,
Cátedra Eduardo Lourenço, Universidade de Aix-Marselha (França, 11
e 13 maio de 2018).