Latinoamerica

Recent investigations at the Maya centre of Nakum (located in northeastern Guatemala) included intensive excavations of Structure X (a.k.a. Structure 104)-one of the largest pyramidal temples at this site. This research showed that the first major version of this building consisted of a three-terraced platform dated to the Middle Preclassic period (750-300 bc), which was part of an important complex, the so-called E-Group. Such groups constitute the oldest manifestation of monumental architecture in the Maya Lowlands. With time, Structure X was converted into a large pyramidal structure in which several burials were situated during the Classic period (ad 250-800), making it an important mausoleum with interments of important elite members of local society. One of these burials (no. 8) was discovered below the floor of the temple building located on top of the pyramid and was a richly equipped tomb. It is most likely the resting place of one of the Nakum kings reigning during the Early-Late Classic transition (c. ad 550-650). This tomb had 11 vessels, including beautiful examples of polychrome Maya ceramics (representing different supernatural beings), many marine materials, five stingray spines and other artefacts. The tomb chamber was also covered by a deposit consisting of several thousand flint flakes that most probably had some symbolic meaning. In this article we discuss ancient Maya burial customs as documented in Structure X and present it in a wider perspective. We also describe similar lithic deposits associated with some of the richest Lowland Maya tombs and present their meaning and symbolism. Resumen Las investigaciones recientes en el centro maya de Nakum (localizado en el Noreste de Guatemala) incluyeron excavaciones intensivas del Edificio X (también conocido como Edificio 104)-uno de los templos piramidales más grandes en este sitio. Los trabajos de investigación demostraron que la primera versión mayor de este edificio consistió en una plataforma de tres terrazas fechada para el período Preclásico Medio (750-300 a.C.), la que formaba parte de un complejo importante de edificaciones al que se denomina como tipo Grupo E. Este tipo de grupos constituyen la manifestación mas antigua de la arquitectura monumental en las Tierras Bajas Mayas. Con el tiempo, el Edificio X fue convertido en una piramide grande, en la cual durante el período Clásico (250-800 d.C.) fueron depositados varios entierros, lo que le convierte en un mausoleo importante que contiene sepulturas de los miembros de la elite local. Uno de estos entierros (No. 8) es una tumba con una rica

Este artículo brinda una actualización para 2019.

Argentina es un país federal integrado por 23 provincias, con
una población total cercana a los 40 millones de personas.
Los resultados de la Encuesta Complementaria sobre Poblaciones
Indígenas, publicados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas
y Censos, arrojan un total de 600.329 personas que
se reconocen descendientes o pertenecientes a un pueblo
indígena. El más reciente censo nacional de 2010 arroja un total
de 955.032 personas autoidentificados como descendientes
o pertenecientes a un pueblo indígena.1 Son 35 los
diferentes pueblos indígenas oficialmente reconocidos. Legalmente
poseen derechos constitucionales específicos a
nivel federal y en varios estados provinciales. Además, están
vigentes, con rango constitucional, el Convenio 169 de la OIT y
otros derechos humanos universales como el Pacto Internacional
de Derechos Civiles y Políticos (DCP) y el Pacto Internacional
de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales (DESC).
Argentina votó a favor de la Declaración de la ONU sobre los
derechos de los pueblos indígenas.

The Striped Hog-nosed Skunk Conepatus semistriatus is widespread Neotropical carnivore species, with a disjunct distribution from Mexico to Brazil. Poorly known across its range, in Colombia the species is mostly known only from scarce and sporadic records, but with no information for most aspects of its ecology or conservation status. Here we present the first record of the species for a peri-urban area of Bogotá, capital city of Colombia. Our record is the first for a large city across its range, located outside previous range estimates and confirming its presence for the tutelar mountains of the city. Although this record does not expand significantly the range of the species, it represents an important addition to the fauna of Bogotá, highlighting the importance of improving conservation measures for this important forest patch, and thus ecological integrity, in one of the largest cities in the Neotropics.

About 20 years ago the modern paradigm that fueled the intentions of the professionalization of design in Colombian universities was replaced as it gave way to a postmodern and post-industrial model of society. The rapid settlement of social forms derived from such a model allows us to show with some clarity how some academic programs have been modified in response to the demands of the context for a disciplinary update. In that order, first we will talk about the professionalization of design in Colombia as a process where the State and its developmental spirit meets: with the desire of those who believed that industrial design would help the country achieve its cultural and economic autonomy by means of the production of objects strongly linked to local needs. Secondly, we will focus on changes in the focus of design-related careers, particularly in the proposal of Los Andes University (Bogotá), in response to post-industrialism and the positioning of the interdisciplinary, experimental, creative and immaterial.