Keys

This paper discusses five keys found during the excavations of the site of Ver-Assebroek in 2009. A summary of what was found and what is known about the late-medieval castle of Ver-Assebroek is found in the first section.
Prior to discussing the keys themselves, this paper provides an overview of the research on keys, the different parts of a key, and establishes a typo-chronology. Using this typo-chronology and the physical characteristics of the keys, the author attempts to determine the dating of the keys as well as possibly deduce their usage.
The final section discusses the meaning of keys, and how their discovery can be interpreted in the context of medieval castles and their spatial organisation.

Throughout the research several issues became apparent. Firstly, there is a great scarcity of literature on the subject of keys, especially in archaeology. Even in sources on metallurgy, keys – if they are discussed – are often only a small subject. Several literary sources that are mentioned as references within other books were impossible to access. Second, typo-chronological information on keys is often sourced from collectors, whose interests often lies with more prestigious or unique keys, at least when compared to the comparatively “mundane” keys found during archaeological excavations. Finally, while several musea dedicated to keys can be found, they were found to have closed, which could indicate a severe dearth of interest on the subject.

Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 are revised. A total of 47 species are recognized, one of which, M. baridioides sp. n. is new to science. Mecinus dorsalis var. tavaresi Hoffmann, 1958 (stat. rev.) is considered as a distinct species, whereas M. alboscutellatus var. atratulus (Solari, 1933) is maintained as a subspecies of M. alboscutellatus (Hustache, 1913). The following new synonymies are proposed: Mecinus barbarus Gyllenhal, 1838 (= M. longiusculus var. subcylindricus Pic, 1896 syn. n.); M. caucasicus (Reitter, 1907) (= Gymnetron caucasicum var. rubricum Reitter, 1907 syn. n.); M. comosus Boheman, 1845 (= M. setosus Kiesenwetter, 1864 syn. n.; = M. hesteticus Vitale, 1906 syn. n.; = M. pici Reitter, 1907 syn. n.; = M. pici var. theresae Reitter, 1907 syn. n.); M. elongatus (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1862) (= G. pyrenaeum H. Brisout de Barneville, 1862 syn. n.); M. haemorrhoidalis (H. Brisout de Barneville, 1862) (= M. fairmairei Tournier, 1873 syn. n....

The study presents the results of revision regarding the genus Euphorbia in Slovenia. on the basis of the revision of available herbarium material, the occurrence of 28 Euphorbia species was confirmed (out of 36 listed in different literature sources) and two new species were found – Euphorbia taurinensis all. and E. myrsinites l. The data on taxa distribution in Slovenia and its neighbouring countries, as well as their ecology and phenology were gathered. on the basis of literature, herbarium revision and field work, distribution maps of the studied species were produced. Suggestions for nature conservation and protection of some of them were also proposed. Furthermore, determination key for euphorbias growing in Slovenia was compiled.

Énumération des clés des propriétés de l’objet window Avec la directive for...in.
...
Il est clair ici que les méthodes sont des fonctions, et que les propriétés sont des variables. On parle de « fonctions propres » et de « variables propres » qui peuvent êtres héritables si définies avec le mot-clé « this », ou non (si définies directement [=mode sloppy], ou obligatoirement avec « const », « let » ou « var » [en mode strict].
...
Énumérer les propriétés de l’objet window, avec
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(window) : avec FIREFOX.
...
On peut accéder aux propriétés (clés) d’un objet de plusieurs façons :

1. Par le nom de la propriété. entre guillemets dans des crochets
2. Par le nom de la propriété précédé d’un point
3. Par un index
...
Array [ "undefined", "Boolean", "Date", "Math", "Number", "RegExp", "InternalError", "EvalError", "RangeError", "SyntaxError", … ]

...
Exécution avec YANDEX :

test.html:8 Avant splice & delete =
test.html:9 (9) [2, 9, 2, 3, 2, 2, 7, 2, 2]

test.html:18 Après le splice =
test.html:19 (3) [9, 3, 7]

test.html:21 Après le delete =
test.html:22 (9) [empty, 9, empty, 3, empty × 2, 7, empty × 2]

test.html:24 Après filtrage des undefined :
test.html:25 (3) [9, 3, 7]


test.html:27 Array.Set() ne filtre pas :

The type specimens of 142 nominal species of chewing and sucking lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera and Anoplura) held in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP) are listed. The list includes species in the families: Menoponidae and Gyropidae (Suborder Amblycera); Philopteridae (including species initially described in Heptapsogastridae) and Trichodectidae (Suborder Ischnocera); and Hoplopleuridae (Suborder Anoplura). The following type categories are represented in the collection: holotype, allotype, paratype, syntype, neotype, neoallotype, neoparatype and paralectotype. Information is taken from card data, and includes changes in nomenclatural status for each species since their original description. Two additional lists, one with updated scientific names for the lice (Appendix 1) and another with those for the host taxa (Appendix 2), are included.

This study attempts to interpret the symbols (a falcon “crowned” with a cross, a key, and a Riurikid bident) found on a newly discovered tenth-century trapezoidal pendant from Pskov. Aside from a handful of imitation dirham coins that carry identical images of the falcon, no other parallels of these symbols or their combination have yet been discovered. Based on various sources, it is argued that the pendant was jointly issued to a Rus’ administrator-revenue collector by Grand Princess Olga and her son Sviatoslav at the time of his minority but not prior to Olga’s administrative reforms in the late 940s, i.e., ca. 950. While the bident was Sviatoslav’s dynastic emblem (reserved for reigning male Riurikids), Olga’s authority over the realm and her minor son was represented by way of a key (latchlifter) and a falcon. The key carried legal and possibly religious symbolism of right over the domain, while the falcon represented religious as well as royal authority. But, both emblems can ...

Apterous and alate viviparous females of the yellow rose aphid, Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were collected on Damask rose, Rosa damascena Mill., in Isparta Province, Turkey. The aphid is recorded for the first time from Turkey. Brief information about the invasive yellow rose aphid, including its distribution in Isparta Province and a key to the apterous females of aphid species known to infest Damask rose in Turkey, is provided.

LES « ASSOCIATIVE ARRAYS »
( « ARRAYS ASSOCIATIVES » ou « TABLEAUX ASSOCIATIFS ») :

C’est comme leur nom l’indique, des arrays sous forme de littéral d’objet et dans lesquels naturellement les values (éléments) sont explicitement associées à des keys, comme dans les « littéraux d’objet » ordinaires dans lesquels c’est le programmeur qui détermine les noms des keys (on associe explicitement des noms de keys littéraux à des values). Dans une Array les keys sont automatiquement numérotées « de 0 à n », à partir du premier élément de l’array.

Une « Array associative » est définie dans des « accolades » (exactement comme un « objet hash ») et non avec des « crochets » comme pour les « Arrays ».

<script type="text/javascript"> "use strict";
  console.log(["dias","luy","nzoyif"])
  console.log({0:"dias",1:"luy",2:"nzoyif"})
</script>

Exécution avec Firefox Quantum 64.0b13 :
...
<script type="text/javascript"> "use strict";
  const a = ["dias","luy","nzoyif"];
  console.dir(`a = ${a},
      Object.entries(a) = ${Object.entries(a)},
      Object.keys(a) = ${Object.keys(a)},
      Object.values(a) = ${Object.values(a)}`
  );

  const o = {nom:"dias",postnom1:"luy",postnom2:"nzoyif"};
  console.dir(`o = ${o},
      Object.entries(o) = ${Object.entries(o)},
      Object.keys(o) = ${Object.keys(o)},
      Object.values(o) = ${Object.values(o)}`
  );
</script>

This paper deals with the Indian species of the genus Opius Wesmael. Nineteen new Indian species of the genus Opius are described. These are: Opius (Allophlebus) tobiasi sp. nov., O. (Apodesmia) crenulatus sp. nov., O. (Apodesmia) poonchensis sp. nov., O. (Gastrosema) aligarhensis sp. nov., O. (Gastrosema) biharensi sp. nov., O. (Gastrosema) indicus sp. nov., O. (Hypocynodus) sternaulatus sp. nov., O. (Merotrachys) declivous sp. nov., O. (Merotrachys) shafeei sp. nov., O. (Merotrachys) whartoni sp. nov., O. (Nosopaeopius) longiterebrata sp. Nov., O. (Opiothorax) bareilliensis sp. nov., O. (Opiothorax) gahani sp. nov., O. (Opius) mashhoodi sp. nov., O. (Pendopius) achterbergi sp. nov., O. (Phaedrotoma) pappi sp. nov., O. (Phaedrotoma) patnaensis sp. nov., O. (Phaedrotoma) seticlypeus sp. nov., and O. (Tolbia) granulatus sp. nov. Material pertaining to four species namely O. raoi, O. volaticus, O. diacriticus and O. travancorensis has been recorded. A key to the Indian subgenera and species of Opius is provided.

Background During recent periods, the islands of the Republic of Seychelles experienced many diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Bancroft’s filaria and malaria. Mosquitoes transmit the agents that cause these diseases. Published information on mosquitoes in the Seychelles is notably dispersed in the literature. The maximum number of species obtained on a single field survey does not exceed 14 species. Methods We performed a comprehensive bibliographic review using mosquito and Seychelles as the key words, as well as conducted a mosquito field survey for larval and adult stages during the rainy season in December 2008. Sixteen sites were sampled on four granitic islands (Mahé, Praslin, La Digue and Aride) and six sites on coralline atolls in the extreme southwest of the country (Aldabra group). Results We found published references to 21 mosquito species identified at least on one occasion in the Seychelles. Our collections comprised 18 species of mosquitoes, all of them from the s...