Jintan Hitam

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a respiratory infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in lung tissue. Mycobacterium tuberculosis could inhibit macrophage activation by inducing an increase of SOCS1 which can inhibit IFN-γ signaling process. Meanwhile, IFN-γ production continues as long as Mycobacterium tuberculosis still exist, so the IFN-γ levels stay high. This study aimed to investigate the effect of albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extract to decrease IFN-γ level. The study design was a quasy experimental design. The study subject was 24 tuberculosis patients during intensive phase medication, were divided into 2 groups. Experimental group was given 1500 mg/day albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extract while control group was placebo for 30 days. This study showed that albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extraxt can decrease significanly IFN-γ levels in the experimental group (p=0.006) but not statistically signicant if compared with the decrease...

Background: Primary resistance is the resistance that occurs in patients who have never received treatment OAT or had ever received  treatment OAT is less than 1 month. The incidence of primary MDR in Central Java in 2006 2.07%. Extrapulmonary TB about 15-20%  of all cases of TB, and TB lymphadenitis is the highest form (35% of all extrapulmonary TB). Patients with decreased immune systems  (SLE) can increase the incidence of TB. Research in Spain get 6x higher TB incidence in patients with SLE. Case: We present the case  of 19 year old woman SLE who received treatment for 11 months whose came with shortness of breath and chronic cough since 2 month  prior to admission. In physical examination we found right and left submandibula lymphonodi enlargement as solid, slightly mobile  nodule with diameter 3 cm. Chest X ray showed lung inflammation which suspicion of specific process and minimal left pleural effusion,  and concluded as pulmonary TB. FNAB confirmed lymphadenitis TB with gra...

Acid fast bacilli (AFB) sputum microscopy is used as a diagnostic tool of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in TB eradication program with directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy. The AFB sputum microscopy should be performed before treatment, two months after intensive phase and four months after advance phase treatment. This study is a part of a research to compare the standard (450 mg) and high (600 mg) rifampicin dose in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to detect the sputum conversion time of AFB in pulmonary TB patients who obtained category I antituberculous treatment with standard dose compared to one who received high dose of rifampicin at the beginning and at the end of the intensive phase. This AFB sputum microscopy have been performed from September 2003 until August 2005 from 85 pulmonary TB patients every two weeks using Ziehl Neelsen and read by means of International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (I...

Tuberculosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Tuberculosis yang mudah menular dan menyerang sistem organ paru. Infeksi TB juga disebabkan karena terjadinya penurunan sistem imun. Interleukin-10 merupakan sitokin anti inflammatory.Sitokin yang diproduksi oleh makrofag dan sel T selama infeksi TB.Dalam lingkup penyakit infeksi,sel T regulator merupakan sumber utama IL- 10. Obat Anti Tuberculosis (OAT) merupakan antibiotik yang sering di gunakan pada pengobatan pasien Tuberculosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Obat Anti Tuberculosis sebagai imunomodulator pada pasien dengan Tuberculosis. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Studi Literature dengan melakukan pencarian jurnal pada database Google Scholar,Pubmed, dan Science Direct dalam rentang waktu 2011-2020 dengan menggunakan metode PICO.Jurnal yang dicari yaitu tentang penelitian pengukuran kadar Interleukin-10 pada pasien dengan Tuberculosis. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran Litera...

Background: Indonesia is in the second rank for the most TB (Tuberculosis) cases in the world after India. It is estimated that there are 1 million cases per year in Indonesia. Objective: The objective of the research was to find out the influence of Vitamin A supplementation in the medication of pulmonary TB on the acceleration of sputum conversion time at intensive phase in the Working Area of Puskesmas in Medan Kota Subdistrict. Methods: This research applied clinical testing design with experimental approach and Experimental Quasi method. The samples were 30 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients consisting of15 patients in the treatment group and 15 patients in the control group. They were ³18 years old, regularly consumed category I OAT with BMI ³18.5. The statistical data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney statistical testing at reliability rate 95% (p<0.05).        Result: The results of the research on the treatment group discovered that they were mostly 18-27 years old 40.0%,...

Acid fast bacilli (AFB) sputum microscopy is used as a diagnostic tool of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in TB eradication program with directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy. The AFB sputum microscopy should be performed before treatment, two months after intensive phase and four months after advance phase treatment. This study is a part of a research to compare the standard (450 mg) and high (600 mg) rifampicin dose in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to detect the sputum conversion time of AFB in pulmonary TB patients who obtained category I antituberculous treatment with standard dose compared to one who received high dose of rifampicin at the beginning and at the end of the intensive phase. This AFB sputum microscopy have been performed from September 2003 until August 2005 from 85 pulmonary TB patients every two weeks using Ziehl Neelsen and read by means of International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (I...

Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. According to World Health Organization Report (WHO), TB was ranked as the tenth highest cause of death in the world at 2016. During therapy, patients with active TB for category I were given Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol for 2 months which is the  intensive phase and 4 months for continuation phase. Various studies have showed intensive administration of Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (ATD) have a relationship with hemoglobin levels either increasing or decreasing hemoglobin levels in tuberculosis patients. Objective : To find out the effect of ATD on hemoglobin levels in tuberculosis patients during the intensive phase of TB treatment in Kupang City Methods : This study was an interventional study using the Quasy-Experimental One Group Pretest and Post Test research design to determine effect of ATD on hemoglobin levels in tuberculosis patients during the intensive phase of TB ...

Sebagian kasus COVID-19 dengan prognosis yang buruk bahkan kematian dimiliki oleh penderita COVID-19 dengan penyakit penyerta atau komorbid. Beberapa penyakit penyerta diantaranya adalah kanker, gangguanginjal, hati, paru-paru kronis, gangguan neurologis, diabetes tipe 1 dan 2, gangguan jantung dan pembuluh darah, infeksi HIV, gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh, obesitas, thalassemia dan beberapa gangguan Kesehatan lainnya. Umumnya penderita hipertensi mengeluhkan terjadinya peradangan paru-paru atau pneumonia dibarengi dengan kenaikan tekanan darah. Lalu penderita gangguan paru-paru kronik mengeluhkan terjadinya kekurangan darah atau hiposemia parah dan gejala khas lainnya pada setiap komorbid. Dalam upaya memimalisir resiko kematian pada pasien COVID-19 dengan Riwayat komorbid tersebut perlu dilakukan edukasi kepada masyarakat terutama ditujukan untuk memotivasi amsyarakat untuk lebih mematuhi protocol Kesehatan. Sekaligus upaya untuk mencegah dirinya tertular COVID-19.

Tuberculosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Tuberculosis yang mudah menular dan menyerang sistem organ paru. Infeksi TB juga disebabkan karena terjadinya penurunan sistem imun. Interleukin-10 merupakan sitokin anti inflammatory.Sitokin yang diproduksi oleh makrofag dan sel T selama infeksi TB.Dalam lingkup penyakit infeksi,sel T regulator merupakan sumber utama IL- 10. Obat Anti Tuberculosis (OAT) merupakan antibiotik yang sering di gunakan pada pengobatan pasien Tuberculosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Obat Anti Tuberculosis sebagai imunomodulator pada pasien dengan Tuberculosis. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Studi Literature dengan melakukan pencarian jurnal pada database Google Scholar,Pubmed, dan Science Direct dalam rentang waktu 2011-2020 dengan menggunakan metode PICO.Jurnal yang dicari yaitu tentang penelitian pengukuran kadar Interleukin-10 pada pasien dengan Tuberculosis. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran Litera...

Pemakaian obat tradisional telah berkembang dengan baik dan saat ini sudah banyak digunakan sebagai obat alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan. Obat tradisional akan memberikan khasiat yang baik apabila dikonsumsi dengan cara dan dosis yang tepat untuk tujuan pengobatan. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya pemberian jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L) terhadap mencit betina menyebabkan terjadinya aktivitas antifertilisasi, antinociceptif, kontrasepsi postcoitus, dan antioksitosin yang diduga dapat melancarkan menstruasi. Tingkat keamanan konsumsi jintan hitam pada masa kehamilan terhadap perkembangan fetus, serta sistem reproduksi mencit betina yang menimbulkan malfomasi congenital pada anaknya belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L) terhadap jumlah fetus mencit,ukuran panjang ekstremitas depan dan belakang pada fetus mencit, dan jumlah fetus malformasi pada  mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor  menc...

Background: Multidrug resistant (MDR) TB caused by the M.Tb strain is resistant toward at least rifampicin and isoniazid. Interferon Gamma is responsible for activating macrophages and phagocytosis for M.Tb destruction. Interleukin 10 causes a significant decrease in reactive nitrogen intermediates, increased arginase 1, and overall decreased macrophage function. Gene mutation causes IFN production by CD4 - T cells less effective and disrupts the immune response against M.Tb. There has been no research on the relationship between IFN-γ and IL-10 gene polymorphisms with TB recovery in Indonesia, especially in patients with MDR-TB. The aim of this study is to determine gene polymorphism relationship of IFN-γ +874T/A and IL-10 -1082G/A with MDR-TB recovery. Methods: This study was a non-experimental clinical trial with a retrospective cohort design. The study was conducted on 105 MDR-TB patients treated in dr. Moewardi Hospital between January 2011-June 2014 consists of 84 recovered pa...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. Immune response through CD4+ T cells and CD8+T cells is needed to produce Interferongamma (IFN-γ). IFN-gamma is a cytokine that can kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Not all individuals will lead to illness or activediseases. The aim of this study was to know the cellular immune response like IFN-gamma expression of T-CD4+ cells and CD8+ cellsbetween active TB with latent TB. The design of the study was cross sectional obervational in a population suffering from active andlatent TB. The subjects consisted of 11 (eleven) active TB patients and 10 (ten) latent TB patients from the Special Pulmonary Hospitaland the Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The examination of interferon gamma expression of CD4+ and CD8+ was by Flowcytometrymethod. These results were analyzed by Student t test or Mann-Whitney test. The mean CD4+ percentage of active TB (28.75%) waslower than the latent one (TB) (33.21%) but no significant difference (P value=0.114) was ...

Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan pengaruh latihan SKJL 2010 terhadap jumlah sel NK pada lansia. Penelitian eksperimenpre test- post test control group design ini dengan subyek penelitian lansia usia 55-70 tahun di Kota Semarang. Dari 56 orang diteliti 30 orang secara random yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan terbagi dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu 10 orang pada kelompok P1 dengan perlakuan latihan 3 hari/minggu, 10 orang kelompok P2 dengan perlakuan latihan 4 hari/minggu dan 10 orang pada kelompok kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan selama 8 minggu dengan metode latihan SKJL. Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum perlakuan terhadap subyek penelitian dengan mengambil darah vena 3 mL, 30 menit setelah melakukan SKJL 2010 untuk menghitung jumlah sel NK. Setelah perlakuan selama 8 minggu, dilakukan pengukuran dengan protokol yang sama untuk mengambil data jumlah sel NK. Terdapat peningkatan jumlah rerata sel NK pada P1 (0,55%), kelompok P2 (1,18%) dan kelompok kontrol (0,33%), tetapi tidak ada perbedaa...

Background: Indonesia is the third highest country of Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence world wide. Beside resistances, factor that being a burden for control TB is comorbidities, such as Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2). This research aimed to determine the Nutritional Status of Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with DMT2 Patients. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study observing Nutritional Status of MDR-TB with DMT2 patients based on gender, age, weight, height, and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) registered since January,1st –December, 31th 2016 in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Results: Out of 42 Samples, there are 20 mens and 22 womens suffer MDR-TB with DMT2. The Nutritional Status of Women is Normal (28.57 %) and Man is Underweight (16.6 %). Based on the age of patients, 51-60 years is the highest frequency. The mean of Body Mass Index (BMI) from all age categories are Normal, except 31-40 years. The mean of height is 159.95 cm and weight is 52.88 kg. In FBG’s catego...

Kondisi sepsis (infeksi) oleh M. tuberculosis dapat menyebabkan Peningkatan Reaktive Oxygen Species (ROS) yang mengakibatkan penurunan kadar antioksidan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis total status antioksidan pada pasien TB kelompok usia 30-60 tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Genuk Kota Semarang. Desain penelitian ini adalah case control . Sampel TB sebanyak 30 pasien yang dipilih dari puskesmas Bangetayu dan puskesma Genuk yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sesuai kedatangan ( consecutive sampling ), sedangkan control dipilih secara volunter . 2,5 mililiter darah diambil dari setiap sampel, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar TSA dengan metode DPPH.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampel pasien TB paru dengan TSA yang rendah / kurang dari normal. Rerata TSA pada pasien TB paru 0.61±0.103 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yaitu 0.58±0.090. Hasil uji statistik Mann Whitney menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan ...

Background: The incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) infection has increased throughout the years with a high mortality rate. The clinical manifestation of TB is a result of interaction between bacterial virulence, host immunity, and environmental factor. Nutritional component, such as vitamin D, plays a significant role in the host immune system. Vitamin D magnifies anti tuberculosis response toward macrophage. There was no data regarding vitamin D level in accordance to new cases of TB. Objective: to describe the sputum smear conversion and vitamin D level in accordance to new cases of TB. Methods: This study was performed in multicenter health facilities. Patient that has been confirmed with new case of TB and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was enrolled to this study. The follow-up was done within 2 months. The data on socio demography, anthropometry, baseline vitamin D level, and conversion parameter were collected. Vitamin D level was differentiated into 3 categories: norma...

Background: The incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) infection has increased throughout the years with a high mortality rate. The clinical manifestation of TB is a result of interaction between bacterial virulence, host immunity, and environmental factor. Nutritional component, such as vitamin D, plays a significant role in the host immune system. Vitamin D magnifies anti tuberculosis response toward macrophage. There was no data regarding vitamin D level in accordance to new cases of TB. Objective: to describe the sputum smear conversion and vitamin D level in accordance to new cases of TB. Methods: This study was performed in multicenter health facilities. Patient that has been confirmed with new case of TB and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was enrolled to this study. The follow-up was done within 2 months. The data on socio demography, anthropometry, baseline vitamin D level, and conversion parameter were collected. Vitamin D level was differentiated into 3 categories: norma...

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a respiratory infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in lung tissue. Mycobacterium tuberculosis could inhibit macrophage activation by inducing an increase of SOCS1 which can inhibit IFN-γ signaling process. Meanwhile, IFN-γ production continues as long as Mycobacterium tuberculosis still exist, so the IFN-γ levels stay high. This study aimed to investigate the effect of albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extract to decrease IFN-γ level. The study design was a quasy experimental design. The study subject was 24 tuberculosis patients during intensive phase medication, were divided into 2 groups. Experimental group was given 1500 mg/day albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extract while control group was placebo for 30 days. This study showed that albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extraxt can decrease significanly IFN-γ levels in the experimental group (p=0.006) but not statistically signicant if compared with the decrease...

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a respiratory infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in lung tissue. Mycobacterium tuberculosis could inhibit macrophage activation by inducing an increase of SOCS1 which can inhibit IFN-γ signaling process. Meanwhile, IFN-γ production continues as long as Mycobacterium tuberculosis still exist, so the IFN-γ levels stay high. This study aimed to investigate the effect of albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extract to decrease IFN-γ level. The study design was a quasy experimental design. The study subject was 24 tuberculosis patients during intensive phase medication, were divided into 2 groups. Experimental group was given 1500 mg/day albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extract while control group was placebo for 30 days. This study showed that albumin snakehead fish (Chana striata) extraxt can decrease significanly IFN-γ levels in the experimental group (p=0.006) but not statistically signicant if compared with the decrease...

Acid fast bacilli (AFB) sputum microscopy is used as a diagnostic tool of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in TB eradication program with directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy. The AFB sputum microscopy should be performed before treatment, two months after intensive phase and four months after advance phase treatment. This study is a part of a research to compare the standard (450 mg) and high (600 mg) rifampicin dose in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to detect the sputum conversion time of AFB in pulmonary TB patients who obtained category I antituberculous treatment with standard dose compared to one who received high dose of rifampicin at the beginning and at the end of the intensive phase. This AFB sputum microscopy have been performed from September 2003 until August 2005 from 85 pulmonary TB patients every two weeks using Ziehl Neelsen and read by means of International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (I...

Background: Primary resistance is the resistance that occurs in patients who have never received treatment OAT or had ever received  treatment OAT is less than 1 month. The incidence of primary MDR in Central Java in 2006 2.07%. Extrapulmonary TB about 15-20%  of all cases of TB, and TB lymphadenitis is the highest form (35% of all extrapulmonary TB). Patients with decreased immune systems  (SLE) can increase the incidence of TB. Research in Spain get 6x higher TB incidence in patients with SLE. Case: We present the case  of 19 year old woman SLE who received treatment for 11 months whose came with shortness of breath and chronic cough since 2 month  prior to admission. In physical examination we found right and left submandibula lymphonodi enlargement as solid, slightly mobile  nodule with diameter 3 cm. Chest X ray showed lung inflammation which suspicion of specific process and minimal left pleural effusion,  and concluded as pulmonary TB. FNAB confirmed lymphadenitis TB with gra...

Hipertensi dan Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit komorbid COVID-19 tertinggi. Tekanan darah dan Gula darah yang tidak terkendali akan meningkatkan risiko terpapar infeksi COVID-19 dan memperburuk kondisi pasien COVID-19 sehingga mengancam kematian dengan cepat. Jenis Penelitian survey analitik ini menggunakan pendekatan case control. Analisis yang digunakan untuk mencari pengaruh kedua komorbid terhadap kejadian COVID-19 adalah Uji Regresi Logistik Binari. Populasi adalah seluruh kasus klien dewasa dan lansia yang dirawat inap kecuali ruang maternitas pada bulan Januari-Maret 2021, berjumlah 1.619. Sampel berjumlah 404 dibagi menjadi kelompok kasus Covid-19 dan kelompok kontrol. Hasil: Karakteristik berdasarkan Komorbid: Hipertensi sebesar 74 (18,3%) dan DM sebesar 106 (26,2%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada pengaruh komorbid hipertensi (p= 0,007; ? = 0,746; OR = 2,109) dan komorbid DM (p= 0,000; ? = -1,181; OR = 0,307) terhadap kejadian COVID-19(R2 = 0,104). Para penderita ...

Background: Primary resistance is the resistance that occurs in patients who have never received treatment OAT or had ever received  treatment OAT is less than 1 month. The incidence of primary MDR in Central Java in 2006 2.07%. Extrapulmonary TB about 15-20%  of all cases of TB, and TB lymphadenitis is the highest form (35% of all extrapulmonary TB). Patients with decreased immune systems  (SLE) can increase the incidence of TB. Research in Spain get 6x higher TB incidence in patients with SLE. Case: We present the case  of 19 year old woman SLE who received treatment for 11 months whose came with shortness of breath and chronic cough since 2 month  prior to admission. In physical examination we found right and left submandibula lymphonodi enlargement as solid, slightly mobile  nodule with diameter 3 cm. Chest X ray showed lung inflammation which suspicion of specific process and minimal left pleural effusion,  and concluded as pulmonary TB. FNAB confirmed lymphadenitis TB with gra...

Background: Tuberculosis pleural effusion is the most common extrapulmonary TB after lymphadenitis TB. Limited diagnostic methods make TB pleural effusion hard to diagnose. Adenosine deaminase ADA is an enzyme in purin catabolism process which catalyze adenosine into inosine and deoksiadenosine into deoksiinosin. This process is important in lymphoid cell differentiation. ADA is elevated in TB pleural effusion. Method: This study was a cross sectional analytic observational. Statistic analysis was using two independent samples T test. ROC curve was used to determine cut off value of ADA. Kappa test was used to determined the level of agreement of ADA cut off value. Results: Forty eight samples were included in this study, 18 samples with TB pleural effusion and 30 samples with non TB pleural effusion. There was significant difference between pleural fluid ADA in TB and non TB. Positivity of AFB sputum and MTB culture did not show any significant differences. Cut off ADA value for TB...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public issue in Indonesia including in North Sumatra province. Despite reported good efficacy of TB treatment in the region, the success of treatment depends on many factors including nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between Body Mass Index and Albumin level with sputum conversion in AFB-positive pulmonary TB patients.The study was done in two primary health centres in Medan between October and November 2018. A total of 39 newly diagnosed TB patients with confirmed AFB-positve were included in the study.Participants received TB treatment according to the national guidelines. The proportion of participants with below normal, normal and above normal BMI status were 13 (33.3%), 21 (53.9%) and 5 (12.8%), respectively. Level of albumin was determined as normal in 25 participants (64.1%), and the remaining as low. Normal BMI status was significantly associated with increased albumin level (P<0.05). At 2 months follow-up...

Background: Indonesia is in the second rank for the most TB (Tuberculosis) cases in the world after India. It is estimated that there are 1 million cases per year in Indonesia. Objective: The objective of the research was to find out the influence of Vitamin A supplementation in the medication of pulmonary TB on the acceleration of sputum conversion time at intensive phase in the Working Area of Puskesmas in Medan Kota Subdistrict. Methods: This research applied clinical testing design with experimental approach and Experimental Quasi method. The samples were 30 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients consisting of15 patients in the treatment group and 15 patients in the control group. They were ³18 years old, regularly consumed category I OAT with BMI ³18.5. The statistical data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney statistical testing at reliability rate 95% (p<0.05).        Result: The results of the research on the treatment group discovered that they were mostly 18-27 years old 40.0%,...

Failure of macrophages to phagocytize Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the release of hydrogen peroxide/peroxide (H2O2) by the activated macrophages. Neopterin is one of the most important markers in the activated macrophages. Neopterin is a pteridine derivative produced by the activated macrophages through the stimulation of interferon gamma. Increased levels of Neopterin has been reported in lung tuberculosis. Activation of macrophages is essential to the development of tuberculosis infection that can lead to active pulmonary tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis, in this case is a high-risk for healthy individuals. To determine the differences in serum levels of Neopterin and H2O2 between patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individuals at high risk of pulmonary tuberculosis. A total of 15 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 15 healthy individuals at high risk examination serum Neopterin levels and peroxide (H2O2). Active pulmonary tuberculosis patie...

Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Myc oba cteri u m t ub erc u l o s i s yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Infeksi TB timbul akibat adanya gangguan regulasi sistem pertahanan tubuh. Sistem imunitas seluler sangat berperan dalam melawan infeksi TB yaitu peran sel limfosit T yang berdiferensiasi menjadi sel Th1 mensekresikan sitokin pro inflamasi IFN-? dan sel Th2 yang mensekresi sitokin anti inflamasi IL-10. Antigen fusi EC610 bersifat spesifik dan memiliki antigenitas yang kuat terhadap stimulasi sel T. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata kadar IFN-? dan IL-10 setelah stimulasi antigen EC610 pada penderita TB aktif dan TB laten. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu secara in vitro dengan kultur PBMC yang distimulasi oleh antigen EC610 pada kelompok TB aktif dan TB laten. Penelitian dan pemeriksaan dilakukan di RSK Paru Provinsi Sumsel dan Laboratorium Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan ...

Black cumin (Nigella sativa ) is an annual flowering herbal plant that is widely planted in India, Egypt, and the Middle East. Black cumin essential oil contains p-cymene, α-pinene, dithymoquine, thymohydroquinone, and thymoquinone (more than 50%). This study aims to determine the effect of black cumin extract on the structure of the spine, length, and fetal weight of the mouse. The study was conducted in December 2019 to February 2020 at the Zoology and Botany Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 groups, each group with 5 repetitions (K1, P1, P2, P3). Black cumin extract is given orally as much as 0.3 ml/day on the 6th to 17th day of pregnancy. The control group K1 (Aquabides), P1 was given black cumin extract (2.1 mg/30 g), P2 (8.4 mg/30 g), and P3 (33.6 mg/30 g). Data on the structure of the spine were observed descriptively while the length and weight of the fetus ...

Latar Belakang. Kanker yang paling sering ditemukan pada anak adalah Leukemia. Prevalensi penderita leukemia yang dirawat di RSUD Dr Soetomo sebesar 50% dimana jumlah penderita leukemia terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Salah satu gejala yang dirasakan pada anak dengan leukemia adalah nyeri. Kondisi nyeri pada anak yang dirasakan akan berpengaruh secara emosional, fisik, kognitif, dan sosial.Metode bermain diantaranya mendongeng dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan koping yang adaptif, mengalihkan rasa sakitnya (distraksi) pada permainannya dan relaksasi melalui kesenangannya sehingga dapat mengurangi rasa nyeri dengan meningkatkan efektivitas terapi farmakologis.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh mendongeng terhadap kondisi nyeri pada leukemia anak yang dirawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Hematologi Onkologi Anak RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental klinis. Leukemia anak diukur skala nyerinya menggunakan Wong Baker Pain Scale. Subyek yang memenuh...

Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Myc oba cteri u m t ub erc u l o s i s yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Infeksi TB timbul akibat adanya gangguan regulasi sistem pertahanan tubuh. Sistem imunitas seluler sangat berperan dalam melawan infeksi TB yaitu peran sel limfosit T yang berdiferensiasi menjadi sel Th1 mensekresikan sitokin pro inflamasi IFN-? dan sel Th2 yang mensekresi sitokin anti inflamasi IL-10. Antigen fusi EC610 bersifat spesifik dan memiliki antigenitas yang kuat terhadap stimulasi sel T. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata kadar IFN-? dan IL-10 setelah stimulasi antigen EC610 pada penderita TB aktif dan TB laten. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu secara in vitro dengan kultur PBMC yang distimulasi oleh antigen EC610 pada kelompok TB aktif dan TB laten. Penelitian dan pemeriksaan dilakukan di RSK Paru Provinsi Sumsel dan Laboratorium Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan ...

Acid fast bacilli (AFB) sputum microscopy is used as a diagnostic tool of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in TB eradication program with directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy. The AFB sputum microscopy should be performed before treatment, two months after intensive phase and four months after advance phase treatment. This study is a part of a research to compare the standard (450 mg) and high (600 mg) rifampicin dose in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to detect the sputum conversion time of AFB in pulmonary TB patients who obtained category I antituberculous treatment with standard dose compared to one who received high dose of rifampicin at the beginning and at the end of the intensive phase. This AFB sputum microscopy have been performed from September 2003 until August 2005 from 85 pulmonary TB patients every two weeks using Ziehl Neelsen and read by means of International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (I...

Acid fast bacilli (AFB) sputum microscopy is used as a diagnostic tool of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in TB eradication program with directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy. The AFB sputum microscopy should be performed before treatment, two months after intensive phase and four months after advance phase treatment. This study is a part of a research to compare the standard (450 mg) and high (600 mg) rifampicin dose in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to detect the sputum conversion time of AFB in pulmonary TB patients who obtained category I antituberculous treatment with standard dose compared to one who received high dose of rifampicin at the beginning and at the end of the intensive phase. This AFB sputum microscopy have been performed from September 2003 until August 2005 from 85 pulmonary TB patients every two weeks using Ziehl Neelsen and read by means of International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (I...

Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Myc oba cteri u m t ub erc u l o s i s yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Infeksi TB timbul akibat adanya gangguan regulasi sistem pertahanan tubuh. Sistem imunitas seluler sangat berperan dalam melawan infeksi TB yaitu peran sel limfosit T yang berdiferensiasi menjadi sel Th1 mensekresikan sitokin pro inflamasi IFN-? dan sel Th2 yang mensekresi sitokin anti inflamasi IL-10. Antigen fusi EC610 bersifat spesifik dan memiliki antigenitas yang kuat terhadap stimulasi sel T. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata kadar IFN-? dan IL-10 setelah stimulasi antigen EC610 pada penderita TB aktif dan TB laten. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu secara in vitro dengan kultur PBMC yang distimulasi oleh antigen EC610 pada kelompok TB aktif dan TB laten. Penelitian dan pemeriksaan dilakukan di RSK Paru Provinsi Sumsel dan Laboratorium Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is still a health problem in the world including in Indonesia. TB infection arises due to interference with the regulation of the body's defense system. Cellular immune system plays a role in fighting TB infection, namely the role of T lymphocytes that differentiate into Th1 cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-? and Th2 cells that secrete IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokines. The EC610 fusion antigen is specific and has a strong antigenicity to T cell stimulation. The aim of the study was to determine differences in the mean levels of IFN-? and IL-10 after EC610 antigen stimulation in patients with active TB and latent TB. The design of this study was a quasi-in vitro experiment with PBMC culture stimulated by EC610 antigens in the active TB and latent TB groups. The research and examination were carried out at the South Sumatra Province SSR and the Health Research and Devel...

Abstrak Latar Belakang : Tuberkulosis paru disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yakni baksil tahan asam yang hidup secara intraseluler dan merupakan penyebab utama kematian penyakit menular. Oleh karenanya, perlu diagnosis dini untuk pencegahan. Sel Th1 sangat berperan pada sistem pertahanan tubuh dalam menghadapi infeksi bakteri intraseluler. Pada tuberkulosis paru, terjadi ketidakseimbangan sistem imun host. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kadar IFN-γ dan IL-10 pada PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) penderita tuberkulosis aktif, laten dan orang sehat, setelah stimulasi dengan antigen ESAT-6. Metode Penelitian : Subjek penelitian adalah 10 TB aktif, 10 LTBI dan 10 orang sehat, yang diambil dari RS Paru Karang Tembok Surabaya. Dilakukan pengambilan darah vena kemudian diisolasi PBMCnya dan dikultur dengan ESAT-6. Kemudian supernatan diambil untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar IFN-γ dan IL-10 dengan metode pemeriksaan Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (E...

Dunia sedang dilanda wabah virus corona. Virus tersebut ditemukan pada akhir desember 2019. Kini, virus corona telah menyebar ke berbagai belahan negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Hari demi hari, angka kasus terkonfirmasi positif Covid-19 semakin meningkat sehingga pada tanggal 11 Maret 2020 ditetapkan sebagai pandemi global oleh WHO. Pandemi tersebut berdampak langsung terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat seperti meningkatnya angka pengangguran, angka kemiskinan, dan angka kematian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komorbid, usia, dan jenis kelamin terhadap meningkatnya angka kematian pada masa pandemi Covid-19 selama periode Januari-Juli 2021 di Jl. Raya Lontar RW.01, Sambikerep, Surabaya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara. Berdasarkan penelitian kali dapat diketahui bahwa kematian selama masa pandemi Covid-19 lebih banyak disebabkan paparan virus corona. Adanya penyakit penyerta (komorbid) dapat memperparah kondisi penderita...

Black cumin (Nigella sativa ) is an annual flowering herbal plant that is widely planted in India, Egypt, and the Middle East. Black cumin essential oil contains p-cymene, α-pinene, dithymoquine, thymohydroquinone, and thymoquinone (more than 50%). This study aims to determine the effect of black cumin extract on the structure of the spine, length, and fetal weight of the mouse. The study was conducted in December 2019 to February 2020 at the Zoology and Botany Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 groups, each group with 5 repetitions (K1, P1, P2, P3). Black cumin extract is given orally as much as 0.3 ml/day on the 6th to 17th day of pregnancy. The control group K1 (Aquabides), P1 was given black cumin extract (2.1 mg/30 g), P2 (8.4 mg/30 g), and P3 (33.6 mg/30 g). Data on the structure of the spine were observed descriptively while the length and weight of the fetus ...

Introduction: The role of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) is the cumulative effect of all the antioxidants found in the blood and body fluids. Objective: to know the total antioxidant status in patients with HIV and CD4 stage I and stage IV. Methods: Thirty-four patients with HIV who are  divided into two groups, one was HIV patients with stage I and  group  2 was HIV patients with stage IV. Checking of total antioxidant status and CD4 in both groups. Results: There was no significant difference in total antioxidant status in HIV oenderita stage I and stage IV. There are significant differences in the levels of CD4 HIV patients with stage I and stage IV. There  is a relationship between total antioxidant status and CD4 in patients with HIV. Conclusion: the higher the CD4 count,  the higher the total antioxidant capacity in patients with HIV. Keywords : CD4, Patients HIV, Total Antioxidant Capacity

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) is caused by an organism that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampisin, the two most potent TB drug. Immune response to against Mycobacterum tuberculosis infection is related to the function of immunity. The function of interferon-γ (pro-inflammatory) is to activate macrophages, to stimulate antimicrobial molecules (to reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide), and to inhibits interleukin-10. Interleukin-10 function is to triggers humoral immunity, to inhibit IFN- γ. This study aimed to analyze level changes and the correlation with clinical data, also months of MDR TB patients who received standard OAT therapy. This was an observational study using cross sectional design. There were 29 patients who received standard MDR TB OAT therapy from 1-24 months, who met the inclusion criteria. Then, the patients were divided based on duration of the therapy, which are the initial/intensive and advanced phase. The initial phase divided into 2...