International News

American media traditionally have created one-dimensional portraits of intracountry conflict in Africa. Worldwide changes since the end of the Cold War have given many media observers hope that African violence might be covered more insightfully. To see whether this was true, news magazine coverage of the 1994 Rwanda crisis was analyzed. Findings suggest that some patterns such as viewing African events through an East-West frame have disappeared, but other types of simplification prevail.

Trinta anos depois dos debates sobre a Nova Ordem Mundial da Informação e Comunicação (NOMIC), as desigualdades nos fluxos globais de informação permanecem,porém num contexto em que a produção e a circulação são facilitadas pelas novas tecnologias (NTICs). Este trabalho identifica fatores que contribuem para este aparente paradoxo e propõe mudanças na práxis jornalística – particularmente na cobertura internacional – que podem permitir aos países em desenvolvimento alcançar os objetivos pleiteados pela NOMIC.

(fevereiro de 2009)

This paper tells the story of the Reuters picture service for the first time since it was officially established in 1985. Using the Reuters archive it begins with the purchase of UPI’s US pictures service and ends with the contemporary business. The article demonstrates how establishing a picture service during the 1980s helped Reuters make a strong entry into the international pictures market in the digital era and build a strong business and technological model at a time when new models were required to become a strong multimedia business in the future.

Após 25 anos do Relatório MacBride e dos debates sobre a Nova Ordem Mundial da Informação e Comunicação (NOMIC), as assimetrias dos fluxos mundiais de informação permanecem praticamente inalteradas. Embora a comunicação em redes e novas tecnologias de mídia tenham aberto um potencial imenso de mudanças na pauta, na edição e na apuração a distância, o noticiário internacional dos jornais diários brasileiros continua, em larga escala, dependente do material fornecido e filtrado por agências de notícias e veículos estrangeiros. Esta pesquisa identifica o impacto desta configuração no discurso midiático, focando na práxis do jornalismo impresso e na dinâmica das agências de notícias, e propõe alternativas à formação de pauta e à apuração no Jornalismo Internacional.

In the 1970s and 1980s, an unprecedent enterprise gathered developing countries in the field of communication: the Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool (NANAP), a syndicate of national news agencies from nations of then-called Third World, threaded into an international system to exchange news, primarily among what is nowadays known as the South-South axis. The experiment was led by the state agency of Yugoslavia, Tanjug, andwas fostered by the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) within the framework of the struggle for redesigning the structures of international communication, known as NWICO (New World Information and Communication Order). During at least its first five years, the Pool meant a pragmatic answer to the Third World calls for a change in foreign news coverage and for opening South-South flows of information in a qualitatively and quantitatively balanced way. Moreover, the very organization and operation schemes of the NANAP were distinguished by de-centralization, pliability and free membership, all features grounded on the principles of Yugoslav self-management socialism and which would prove especially fitting to the production conditions in peripherical societies of capitalism. This thesis investigates the legacy of the non-aligned enterprise in current counter-hegemonical developments hinged on networks and in South-South cooperation for international communication in order to build information systems which are independent from the hegemony of First World news agencies.

Tesis de la maestría en
Ciencias de la comunicación
墨西哥报纸如何报道中国--《劳动报(la jornada)》个案分析(2007全年)
Nombre del autor: Jossalberto Briceño Sáenz
Número de pasaporte: 06110054608
Número de matrícula: 052013082
Nombre de la Universidad: FUDAN
Clave de la universidad: 10246
Clave de la carrera: 050302
Titulo: Máster

Notas: El número de matrícula 052013082 se encuentra en el empastado de la tesis y concuerda con el mismo número del titulo y de la boleta de calificaciones. No es de menos el recordar y hacer mención de que China es un sistema comunista que está en contra de los derechos individuales. Por mandato de los directivos de la universidad se obliga el que los estudiantes escriban solamente su nombre en chino y no escriban su nombre real. Apesar de que yo pedí que se escribiera mi nombre tal cual estaba escrito en mi pasaporte me fue negado y por ello utilizé la forma de poner mi nombre con una pequeña frase dentro de las memorias de mi tesis. Mi nombre aparece en la página 57, que es la primera página de mis memorias. Por favor de ver la página 57 de la tesis para identificarme como el autor de esta tesis.

En linea:
http://www.docin.com/p-761333982.html
http://www.docin.com/p-985153305.html
http://www.doc88.com/p-7478729136745.html
 
Año de publicación: 11 de abril de 2009

Nombre en Chino de la tesis: 墨西哥报纸如何报道中国--《劳动报(la jornada)》个案分析(2007全年)
Nombre en español de la tesis: Lo que se publica sobre China en el diario mexicano La Jornada, Un análicis del año 2007
Abstract en español:
La sociedad moderna es una época de la explosión de la información, aparecen cada vez más medios de comunicación y el ritmo de vida de las personas se acelera cada vez más.

El estilo de vida actual y la situación de los medios crea el problema de distinguir que información es verdadera o y cual es falsa. Como consecuencia la gente no cree completamente en los medios electrónicos y por ello sigue consumiendo la prensa escrita.
 
En los últimos años la influencia de China en el mercado internacional está creciendo y muchos países están dedicando un mayor espacio de noticias a lo que suceden en China.
Mediante el análisis de un año de lo publicado por un periódico mexicano se busca analizar las noticias sobre China que México publica.

 Se busca conocer la imagen de China que se presenta en México y así conocer cual es la tendencia; si es positiva o negativa. Con tal estudio se conocera la idea general que tiene México de China. Las noticias tienen un gran poder de influencia en una sociedad. Es primordial mantener la verdad y autenticidad en los informes noticiosos para no distorcional la vición de un individuo sobre una cultura o país. El profesionalismo de un reportero debe tener la caracteristica fudamental de comunicar la verdad y no dejar que sus intereses personales e ideas culturales interfieran con ello.

What makes death-related news events internationally appealing? How is the visual coverage of grief tailored for the needs of the international market? And how are the mechanisms for such coverage operated in the field by international news agencies’ photographers? In this article, I conduct an interpretive analysis of the funeral of an Israeli officer as it was covered by an Israeli Reuters photographer and an analysis of the “picture of the event” selected for distribution by the photographer. It demonstrates how international news institutions tailor the visual coverage of a local funeral to the complex demands of the international market.

This study examines the war-reporting industry’s attitude toward news “fixers”—the locally based
contacts who become news employees, by helping foreign reporters translate interviews, build contacts, and navigate the cultural contexts with which correspondents are increasingly unfamiliar in the era of “parachute journalism.” Conducting a critical discourse analysis of 189 articles published in English-language journalism trade publications, the study seeks to answer these research questions:

(1) How do Anglophone editors and reporters understand and value the labor of news fixers working in conflict zones?
(2) How do Anglophone editors and reporters discuss the safety of their news fixers?

Drawing upon the critical frameworks found in the field of global media ethics, the study will suggest that news fixers have the potential to facilitate more complex and productive “global–local exchanges,” which could in turn lead to a global media ethics that is, in the words of Wasserman, “truly dialogic and critical.” Yet, despite the valuable cultural perspective that fixers can bring, a critical discourse analysis shows that these media employees are currently undervaluedand underprotected by the editors and correspondents who hire them.

The events of 9/11 are seen as a turning point not only in American or world history but also in the field of political communication; this can largely be attributed to the fact that 9/11 came as a enormous shock to the global community, which is something this paper seeks to understand. With the help of an extensive historical analysis of 23 years of television news coverage, this paper identifies a number of key historical moments which provide significant insight into the role American news media played in informing the American public about what was going on in Afghanistan and the threat of Islamic fundamentalism. The period under analysis marks the first time the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan became imminent in 1978, until the day of the September 11th attacks in 2001. The large scope and multi-dimensional nature of the study called for a systematic, dynamic and interactionist method that could be used for qualitative analysis of available data and toward making useful theoretical contributions to the field. For this purpose procedures and techniques from the Grounded Theory approach were used to code, analyze and organize the paper. Moreover, the concept of framing is used as a tool to analyze the coverage with special emphasis on what is NOT reported in the news, by introducing the concept of “exclusionary framing” which is divided into sub-categories of “generalized”, “specific” and “second-generation” exclusionary framing. Under this paradigm, an analysis of certain events during said period with the help of news reports, government documents and other significant literature demonstrates an over-arching tendency of American news media toward “pro-White House framing”. Though different periods show differing trends within coverage of Afghanistan where some provide support for other commonly discussed phenomena within the field like “the CNN-effect”, “wag the dog”, “indexing” etc. Overall it is suggested that within framing discourse what is “omitted” from news reporting is generally overlooked and might provide a new and interesting insight into the government-media-public nexus. I conclude by discussing the implications of the findings and said approach toward ideals of deliberative democracy and the extent to which news media of any such country is capable of fulfilling its designated role in the process.

Since the September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, Muslims have been a widely discussed topic in American media. The researchers centered their study on the question: How are Muslims and America framed in opinion and news articles within international news media? They conducted this research by analyzing online news and opinion articles from CNN, Fox News, NPR, The New York Times, BBC, and Al Jazeera on the topic of Muslims and America between September 1, 2010 through September 30, 2011. News and opinion articles were run through CATPAC, a content analysis software program. The major contrast between the news sources was the way they portrayed Muslims and the relationship between Muslims and America. The results proved that the six news sources offered differing viewpoints of the topic, differing numbers of articles pertaining to the topic, and a variety of arguments on the topics of Muslims and America.

From life and exact sciences to social sciences and the humanities, much research in many fields involve drawing comparisons. The same applies to the field of journalism studies, implicitly or explicitly. Implicit comparative research refers to situations where no direct claim is made regarding comparisons. Controlled experiments are a case in point. For example, when a communication researcher shows viewers different ver- sions of the same newscast and tests for their comprehension of the news, comparative research is involved. More generally, the logic behind statistical testing of hypotheses is derived from the notion of comparative research. On the other hand, explicit comparative research involves situations in which researchers declare their goal to be making comparisons.
This encyclopedia specifies five key terms regarding journalism studies: (a) journal- ism, (b) journalism studies, (c) journalists, (d) news, and (e) audiences for journalism. While the first two are overall terms, the last three can be seen as a tripartite frame- work of comparative studies. Comparative studies on journalists refer to the production process, the work performed by individual journalists and editors, their practices, professional norms, values, and culture. This also includes specific media organizations in which journalists operate, taking account of political, economic, and legal factors as well as, more broadly, the structure and functioning of national and international media systems. Studies on news refer first and foremost to the contents of the main genres produced by journalists in various platforms, in both traditional media (news- papers, radio, and television) and what are considered to be new media (the Internet, smartphones, and social media). These studies deal with a variety of concepts, such as hard versus soft news, elite versus tabloid, national versus local news, domestic versus foreign news, and framing of news. Finally, the rubric of audiences for journal- ism refers to the consumers of journalism products and encompasses studies dealing with exposure to and interest in the media, the impact and effects of journalism con- tents on individual and group attitudes, opinions, comprehension, reception, knowledge, and worldview, including agenda setting. While acknowledging that in certain contexts audiences are also news producers (e.g., blogs and Facebook) this tripartite framework is still largely relevant for examining most comparative studies published to date.

This article considers the truth value of the BBC's reporting of the invasion of Iraq in the context of Hannah Arendt's consideration of the US invasion of Vietnam. Arendt theorized that the 'Pentagon Papers' exposed a new approach to truth and lies – the 'modern political lie' at the heart of modern politics. In this article, Arendt's concept of the modern political lie is examined and comparisons made with Iraq. A case study of the BBC's coverage of the invasion is used to argue that its reporting did not necessarily lie about Iraq, nor did it necessarily create a discursive representation separate to the physical actions of the protagonists. Rather, it appears that strategic considerations on the part of the invading powers changed the factual texture on the ground, which reporting failed to keep up with.

This paper investigates how British and American newspaper coverage of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution framed the protest movement that led to the resignation of Hosni Mubarak as the President of Egypt. Previous studies examining Western media coverage of domestic protests indicate that news media often covered movements and protesters with the expectation of violence occurring, or whose motivations, aspirations, and actions were trivialised and marginalised, while Western media coverage of the Middle East and North Africa often contextualised the region's nations, peoples, and politics in ways that promoted negative stereotypes. In analysing British and American newspaper coverage of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, this paper demonstrates the opposite to be true through a content and framing analysis of relevant news stories (n=611). Results from British and American newspaper samples offer strong evidence for not only reassessing the dominance of the reportorial paradigms by which the news media covers political and social dissent, but also normative Western media portrayals of the nations and people within Middle East and North Africa.

This article is about the unique word–image relations as these appear in international news production. This is achieved by analysing the labour of a particular team – the keyword team – in the news picture production routine at the powerful Thomson Reuters international news agency. By analysing the daily work of keyworders at Thomson Reuters, I explore how the word–image problem is demonstrated, and settled, in international news production. Similar to the picture categorising mechanisms in the stock business, I argue that word and image relations in news media can also be productive, serving as a cultural practice that helps extending the shelf-life of archived pictures, thus increasing news picture sales worldwide.

This study investigates the relationship hetioeen types of news events and daily traffic at the New York Times on the Web. CNN and ABC newscasts were content analyzed to represent each day's news coverage and compared with Web site usage data made available by the Times. The results indicate that level of disruptiveness and episodicity were positively correlated with online traffic. Also, several news topics-international politics, education, and science and technology-were positively correlated with online news usage. During the period examined , dominated by the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal, domestic politics, zveather, and accident and disaster neivs were negatively correlated with Web site usage.

L’essor du web est, avec insistance, présenté comme ayant provoqué l’avènement d’une économie de l’information en réseau qui s’affranchirait des filtres qui limitaient auparavant la production et la dissémination des nouvelles et qui se traduirait par une plus grande diversité de l’offre d’informations. L’objectif de cet article est, en s’intéressant au cas des nouvelles internationales, de déconstruire cet argument. Nous montrons comment, à chaque vague d’études sur l’information internationale en régime numérique, émerge le même type de croyances qui ne peuvent s’imposer qu’au prix d’un oubli des réalités de l’économie politique qui continuent pourtant, pour une large part, à régir les logiques de production et de circulation des nouvelles sur l’étranger.

This article explores intertextuality and the way it connects to international news organizations’ production routines as complex moments and sites of conflict. I demonstrate the unique connection by analyzing a specific event covered by an Israeli Reuters photographer, in which a suicide bomber killed an Israeli officer in an attack near the city of Tulkarem. I conduct an interpretive analysis of the event and its
coverage, combined with a semiotic analysis of both the “picture of the event” (selected as such by the Reuters photographer) and an older picture taken by a local Israeli news photographer, used as an intertext.

American media traditionally have created one-dimensional portraits of intracountry conflict in Africa. Worldwide changes since the end of the Cold War have given many media observers hope that African violence might be covered more insightfully. To see whether this was true, news magazine coverage of the 1994 Rwanda crisis was analyzed. Findings suggest that some patterns such as viewing African events through an East-West frame have disappeared, but other types of simplification prevail.

Chapter 13 An Exploration of the Determinants of International News Coverage in Australia's Online Media Xiaopeng Wang As one of the major approaches in international media studies, inter-national news flow research has received continuing attention from scholars in past ...