IHC

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection of zoonotic character, which causes abortion, stillbirth, infertility and milk yield losses and is very important for livestock economically. In this study was aimed to diagnose and compare the abortion cases with leptospirosis in ruminants coming to Pendik Veterinary Control Institute from the provinces and districts of Marmara region between 2013-2018 by immunohistochemical (IHC) and Levaditi methods and to compare with histopathological findings. A total of 1252 aborted fetuses; 750 lambs, 218 kids and 284 calves from 12 different provinces were used as materials. After the necropsies of the fetuses, the samples taken from the internal organs were routinely followed and stained with hematoxylin eosin. In addition, leptospira agents were searched by IHC and Levaditi methods from kidneys, liver and lungs.In the study, macroscopically, some fetuses showed subcutaneous edema and fluid accumulation in body cavities, icterus and miliary necrosis foci in the liver, but most had autolytic changes. Microscopic examination revealed periaciner necrosis in liver and necrosis and hyaline cylinders in renal tubules. Positive staining was observed in 160 of 1252 fetus samples in IHC staining and Levaditi staining of IHC positive samples revealed 108 positive staining. Levaditi staining method was used to determine the agent only in kidney tissue, but not in the liver and lung. However, positive results were obtained in liver, kidney and lung by IHC method. As a result, the abortion rate of leptospirosis in ruminants was determined as 12,77% in Marmara region of Turkey. In the diagnosis of leptospirosis, IHC method is more sensitive than Levaditi staining method. As a result of this study, it has been shown that leptospirosis has an important place in abortions in ruminants in Marmara Region of Turkey and it is concluded that raising awareness about the disease and vaccination will be very effective in combating the disease.

Consideramos que está pendiente un análisis de la evolución del sector de maquinaria agrícola en Argentina en el contexto del mercado mundial. Reconstruimos la historia de la rama en la Argentina y en los Estados Unidos, donde se concentraron los capitales rectores de la actividad durante el siglo XX. El estudio de este sector desde esta perspectiva nos permitirá analizar la escala y productividad media, la competencia que debió enfrentar la producción argentina y sus perspectivas. En definitiva, las condiciones de acumulación de capital en esta industria particular.
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We believe that is pending a review of the evolution of the agricultural machinery sector in Argentina in the context of the world market. For this reason, in this paper we reconstruct the
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history of the branch in Argentina and in the United States, where the “rector capital” of the activity is concentrated during the twentieth century. The study of this productive sector from the perspective chosen, allow to examine the scale and average productivity that prevailed in the world market, the competition faced Argentina production and their prospects. In short, the conditions for capital accumulation in this particular industry.

Presentación de capítulo para el libro "La Interacción Humano-Computadora en México", editado por J. Muñoz, J. M. González y J. A. Sánchez. Pearson, México.

Detalles sobre el capítulo:
* Presenta 10 fundamentos relacionados con el diseño visual de interfaces de usuario.
* Presenta un marco de trabajo orientado al diseño para estudiantes de Diseño de Interacción Humano-Computadora.
* Incluye ejercicios para estudiantes enfocados en diseño visual que estudiantes de Computación e Ingeniería de Software pueden usar, pero también pueden ser usados en programas en departamentos académicos de diseño.

Plants with antidiabetic activities provide important sources for the development of new drugs in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated possible antihyperglycemic and antioxidative activities of the aerial part of the Matricaria chamomilla L. ethanolic extract (MCE) in streptozotocin (STZ; 70 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic rats. The following groups were assigned; sham (did not receive any substance), STZ + distilled water (control), STZ + 5 mg/kg glibenclamide, STZ + 20 mg/kg MCE, STZ + 50 mg/kg MCE, STZ + 100 mg/kg MCE. Diabetic rats were treated for 14 days by gavage. Postprandial blood glucose levels, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), nitrate, nitrite, ascorbic acid, retinol, β-carotene, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were measured, and immunohistochemical studies were performed in all of the groups. The obtained data showed that STZ resulted in oxidative stress and affected the antioxidant status. Treatment with different doses of MCE significantly reduced postprandial hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, and augmented the antioxidant system. In histological investigations, MCE treatment protected the majority of the pancreatic islet cells, with respect to the control group. As a result, MCE exhibited significant antihyperglycemic effect and protected β-cells in STZ-diabetic rats, in a dose-dependent manner, and diminished the hyperglycemia-related oxidative stress.

En las grandes ciudades, el avance tecnológico y el aumento de servicios informatizados han derivado en que parte de sus poblaciones, aquellos que están en constante contacto con aparatos tecnológicos y sobre todo empleando dichos servicios, estén consumiendo grandes cantidades de información, las cuales pueden percibirse primeramente como entidades dispersas pero que en realidad son tomadas como una unidad al momento de tomar una decisión, ya sea en el día a día o en situaciones particulares. Lo anterior corresponde de cierto modo a una gestión personal del conocimiento.

Determinar cuáles podrían ser las relaciones probables entre la información generada por los servicios resulta un problema complejo, pero también lo es el determinar la mejor representación de dicha información en este tipo de situaciones. Con lo anterior, se ha de tomar en cuenta también no sólo posibles restricciones como puede ser la naturaleza del dispositivo tecnológico mediante al cual accede el usuario a la información, sino también restricciones inherentes al usuario como puede ser su nivel de alfabetización informacional e informática.

Scan to discover online Background & Objective: This study examined the potential of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) as a marker in early diagnosis or as a prognostic factor for breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with BC were enrolled in the study between 2008 and 2018. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HE4 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the BC tissue and the non-tumoral adjacent tissue. Using ELISA technique, HE4 plasma levels were also measured in 43 BC patients compared to 43 healthy individuals. The correlation between HE4 expression and clinicopathological features was then investigated. Results: An increase in HE4 expression was observed at mRNA and protein levels in the BC group compared to the control group (P<0.01, P<0.0001, respectively). In addition, the relative expression of HE4 mRNA in BC patients showed a significant correlation with the differentiation grade of cancer cells (P<0.001). Plasma levels of HE4 was also associated with grade (P<0.0001), stage, and tumor size in BC patients (for both P<0.01). Patients with metastatic BC (P<0.01), lymphatic invasion, and lymph node involvement (for both P<0.05) showed significantly higher plasma levels of HE4 expression than patients without metastasis. Conclusion: According to our findings, upregulation of HE4 may be related to invasive BC phenotype. Measuring plasma levels of HE4 could be useful as a screening test in early diagnosis of BC.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory disease. The prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis to allergens (eg, fragrance) is higher in patients with AD, despite a trend toward weaker clinical allergic contact dermatitis reactions. The role of the AD skin phenotype in modulating allergic sensitization to common sensitizers has not been evaluated. We sought to investigate whether patients with AD have altered tissue immune responses on allergen challenge. Gene expression and immunohistochemistry studies were performed on biopsy specimens from 10 patients with AD and 14 patients without AD patch tested with common contact allergens (nickel, fragrance, and rubber). Although 1085 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly modulated in patch-tested skin from patients with AD and patients without AD versus control skin, 1185 DEGs were uniquely altered in skin from patients without AD, and only 246 DEGs were altered in skin from patients with AD. Although many infl...

This paper introduces an approach for evaluating user interfaces built on visual rhetoric and the rhetorical notion of function. A personal informatics mobile application has been selected to exemplify the application of this approach. Through the results of this example evaluation, this paper discusses the consequence of applying a rhetorical evaluation to a user interface. In this discussion, it is observed that inspecting the function performed by interface components takes into account experiences, communication, and meaning. In addition, it fosters reflection and criticism.

Palavras-chave em português (teste remoto, usabilidade, marketplace) A demanda por especialistas em experiência do usuário para o aperfeiçoamento de aplicativos mobile é crescente no Brasil, tornando-se necessária a criação de novas ferramentas e métodos para essa atividade profissional. Este artigo relata o desenvolvimento de um fluxo operacional para testes de usabilidade remotos não-moderados dentro de uma plataforma profissional do tipo marketplace. Keywords in English (remote test, usability, marketplace) The demand for user experience experts, for the improvement of mobile applications, is growing in Brazil, making it necessary to create new tools and methods for them. This article reports the development and operational flow for a non-moderated remote usability testing within a marketplace platform.

Stem cells, a promising hope for regenerative medicine with a keen scientific focus and getting an immense priority in research as using in cloning, gene targeting, drug testing and deliverance, transgenic research , and cellular therapy to patient. Having potentiality for selfrenewal and differentiation into various kinds of body cells with diversified functions, these naive cells of the body are scholastically using for heating human and animals in various chronic, notorious and devastating diseases. With the advancement of science and techniques , stem cells become an outstanding tool for regenerative therapy in veterinary medicine. Due to having some notable beneficial characters of Mesenchymal stem cells over embryonic one, like; ease of harvesting and application, lower immunogenic responses, no evidence of teratoma formation showing higher preferences for their uses. There are proofs of appliance of stem cells for tendinitis, cartilage injury, osteoarthritis, spinal injury, skin healing, cardiac problem, bone fracture, eye treatment, renal cure, and muscular therapy in animals. The visionary use of multipotent stem cells has shaped a new horizon for clinicians to deal with challenges and will bring a better hope for mankind. This review has spotlighted on the restorative application and victorious utilization of stem cells in animals.
Key words: Stem cells, Differentiation, Cellular therapy, Veterinary medicine
Özet
Kök Hücreler rejeneratif tıp alanında klonlama, gen hedefleme, ilaç test ve ulaştırılmasında, transgenik araştırmalarda ve hücresel tedavilerde artan bir bilimsel ilgi odağı haline gelmektedir.  Kendini yenileme kabiliyetleri ve bir çok çeşit hücre tipine dönüşebilmeleri ve bu sayede çeşitli görevlerde bulunmaları ile gerek insan gerek se hayvan sağlığında kronik, yaygın ve yıkıcı hastalıkların tedavilerinde profesyonel düzeyde kullanılmaktadır. Bilim ve tekniğin ilerlemesi sayesinde kök hücreler veteriner hekimlik alanında da rejeneratif anlamda kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Mezenkimal kök hücrelerin embriyonik olanlara göre belirgin sayılabilecek elde edilmesindeki kolaylık, düşük bağışık yanıt oluşturma, teratom oluşturmaması gibi bazı üstünlükleri tercih sebebi olmalarını sağlar. Kök hücrelerin tendinit, kıkırdak hasarı, osteoartrit, spinal hasar, deri iyileşmesi, kardiak problemler, kemik kırıkları, göz tedavileri, renal tedaviler, ve musküler tedaviler anlamında kanıtları bulunmaktadır. Multipotent kök hücrelerin gelecekteki kullanım olanakları klinisyenlere yeni bakış açıları kazandırarak sorunlarla mücadelede umut vadetmektedir. Bu derlemede kök hücrelerin veteriner hekimlik alanında tedavi edici ve başarılı şekilde kullanıldığı uygulamalara yer verilmiştir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Kök hücreler, Farklılaşma, , Hücresel Tedaviler, Veteriner Hekimlik

Resumo: Um sistema de mapeamento voluntário (VGI – Volunteer Geographic Information), é uma aplicação computacional na qual um indivíduo voluntariamente visualiza, organiza, e dissemina livremente dados e informações geográficas que podem ser usadas gratuitamente por qualquer usuário (Tulloch, 2008). O objetivo principal de um sistema VGI é permitir que um voluntário colete dados geográficos; para isso é essencial considerar, durante o processo de desenvolvimento da aplicação, a interação do usuário com os elementos da interface. Sistemas VGI como o OpenStreetMap têm diferentes processos de interação com o usuário, os quais implicam em diferentes tipos de interfaces, funcionalidades e formulários. A execução de uma tarefa, assim como o seu resultado, pode diferir dependendo do sistema utilizado. Diferentes processos de interação acarretam em diferentes experiências do usuário, e consequentemente afetam a qualidade e a confiabilidade da informação espacial coletada. O processo de interação pode também influenciar a retenção de usuários no sistema, bem como a adesão de novos voluntários. O objetivo desta pesquisa é obter um panorama de aspectos da usabilidade de sistemas VGI, especificamente na tarefa de inserção de feições geográficas, desde o acesso ao sistema até o sucesso ou falha na execução da tarefa. Para execução desta pesquisa foram realizados testes com usuários com diferentes tipos de familiaridade com os sistemas Wikimapia, OpenStreetMap, e Wikiloc, com o objetivo final de inserir uma ou mais feições geográficas nesses aplicativos. Palavras-chave: VGI. Usabilidade. Experiência do usuário. Abstract: A volunteered geographic information system (VGI) is a computer application which allows an individual voluntarily visualizes, organizes, and disseminates geographical data and information for free use by any user (Tulloch, 2008). The main goal of a VGI is to obtain volunteered geographical data, so it is essential to consider the user´s interaction with all the interface elements in its development. VGI systems such as OpenStreetMap have different interaction processes with the user, which entail different types of interfaces, functions, and forms. The

Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery represents the future in terms of treating inner ear diseases. Lipid core nanocapsules (LNCs), 50 nm in size, were shown to pass though the round window membrane (RWM) and reached the spiral ganglion cells and nerve fibers, among other cell types in the inner ear. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the LNCs in vitro and in vivo, utilizing intact round window membrane delivery in rats. The primary cochlear cells and mouse fibroblast cells treated with LNCs displayed dosage dependant toxicity. In vivo study showed that administration of LNCs did not cause hearing loss, nanoparticle application-related cell death, or morphological changes in the inner ear, at up to 28 days of observation. The cochlear neural elements, such as synaptophysin, ribbon synapses, and S-100, were not affected by the administration of LNCs. However, expression of neurofilament-200 decreased in SGCs and in cochlear nerve in osseous spiral lamina canal after L...

Introduction. Typhlonectes compressicauda is a viviparous gymnophionan amphibian living in tropical areas of South America. This lengthened amphibian is submitted to seasonal variations characterized by the rainy season (from January to June) and the dry season (from July to December). The mineral homeostasis in amphibians is partly ensured by the neurohormones arginine-vasotocin (AVT), and mesotocin (MST). These two hormones were localized in the hypothalamus, and their receptors, mesotocin receptors (MTR) and asotocin receptors (VTR2) in the kidney. The aim of the study was to better understand the physiology of the hydromineral regulation of the studied species.
Material and methods. The specimens of T. compressicauda male and female adult were divided into 6 groups: males in the rainy season, males in the dry season, females pregnant in the rainy season, females pregnant in the dry season, females not pregnant in the rainy season, females not pregnant in the dry season. We studied the expression of hormones (AVT, MST) and their receptors (MTR, VTR2) in the hypothalamus and the kidney, respectively, by immunohistochemical and histological techniques. We also studied the expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP2), a water-channel protein in the kidney.
Results. We found that the MST (diuretic hormone) and its receptor were more intensively expressed during
the rainy season, whereas the period of maximal AVT (anti-diuretic hormone) and VTR2 expression was the dry
season. A quantitative analysis showed significant differences in the number of labeled cells in the hypothalamus depending on the seasonal variation. The expression of AQP2 was observed in renal tubules during both seasons with an increased intensity during the dry season.
Conclusion. The expression of the MST/AVT in brain, their receptors MTRs/VTR2, and AQP2 in kidney changed in T. compressicauda according to the seasonal variations. A direct relationship between the seasonal cycle and reproduction cycle was emonstrated in this species.