Hsitory

It is a well known fact that communities and societies all over the world have a golden time of glory and of sorrow and pain. For the Muslims Ummah of Southern Kaduna State, the 2011 Post-election violence represents the darkest days of sorrow and pain in its history that will continue to be remembered by generations yet unborn. Within a period of about 48 hours, there was premeditated mass murder and large-scale carnage hitherto unknown in the recent history of Nigeria. Hundreds were killed; thousands were permanently displaced; entrepreneurs were turned beggars; house and farm owners were turned homeless and landless; and hundreds of wealthy livestock owners were dispossessed and placed out of culture.
To worsen the state of affairs of the victims of the 2011 Post-Election Violence, their plight, sorrow and agony were ignored by those charged with the responsibility of their affairs, namely: the governments at the local, state and federal levels. The International community was least responsive, as only a few humanitarian and relief organisations came to provide minimal succour. Doubly sad was the fact that the perpetrators remained shielded from the hands of law, and had continued to fuel other violent conflicts.
Presently, while the Southern parts of Kaduna are today among the most unsecured at a time that violent conflicts and criminality has continued to grow, the Muslim communities appear to be the most vulnerable, hapless, helpless and surviving at the mercy of erect wolves. The institutions have remained passive, inactive and often partisan and complicit; with security agents acting on ethnic and religious sentiments to torment and provoke the Muslim communities.
With this publication, the victims have told their stories. Some media have covered a little of it. The several Commissions of Inquiry and Investigations have listed some of the tribulations of the victims and some human right organisations have published some of this. In all this however, the whole story has not been documented. Again, most the victims of the violence are to this day have remained as internally displaced persons, yet to be supported by any of institutions of government; most are still without means of livelihood; and many are still looking forward to any form of assistance from Government that might never come, which means continuous living in wilderness!

While this publication should have come earlier, it is coming six years after these heinous acts occurred. We are happy that it came at last and is better than never. The Southern Kaduna Ummah Development Association (SOKAMUDA), is convinced that this publication will contribute to understanding the events of the 2011 Post-Election Violence. This will form the foundation for identifying not only the root causes of the current insecurity and conflicts, but will help in charting a framework for sustainable peace and security. Indeed, SOKAMUDA is strongly advocating that the victims require respite and support from Government. They need to be resettled, provided with security and a means of livelihoods. The education of their children and those unfortunate orphans that are left to the mercy of humanity is essential and there is need for Government never to gloss over their plight.
While am delighted and feel honoured to write this foreword, I must quickly point that it is coming when SOKAMUDA is having the six years anniversary of the event doesn’t a celebration of the event per se. Rather, it is a way of telling our own story as they occurred and with all sense of objectivity and fear of Allah SWA. May Allah bless the Southern Kaduna Muslim Ummah, may He brings us peace and may He help all those striving for the return of peace to our areas.

Книга, написанная в сооавторстве с О. Загорулько, посвящена описанию части "Одесской операции", в результате которой в Северо-Западном Причерноморье советские войска вышли на рубеж левого берега Днестра. Особое внимание уделено боям, происшедшим 11-13 апреля 1944 г. с 306 пехотной дивизией Вермахта и другими немецкими подразделениями.

Sabemos todo do megalitismo atlántico? Coñecemos as diferentes tipoloxías de megálitos e os seus posibles usos? Definitivamente non.  En vista destes datos, non é herexía pensar que poden existir en Galicia —e no resto de Europa— expresións do megalitismo que aínda non foron catalogadas nin estudadas. Achegamos neste artigo unha proposta de estudo para uns megálitos inéditos que podemos denominar  trilitos.

https://doi.org/10.3167/choc.2020.150204.
Upon his controversial and successful publication of Words of a Believer (1834), Lamennais became one of the most infl uential thinkers in Eu-rope and America. Lamennais's other works, such as Modern Slavery, have received surprisingly less attention, considering that with it he made a re-description of the concept people and consequently of democracy. Lamennais's presentation of the antagonism between liberty and tyranny, between a few oppressors (privileged classes) and the majority of the oppressed (the people) turned him into a key reference for the democratic, republican, and socialist political cultures. We can then speak of a "Lamen-nais moment" as opposed to the "Guizot moment," which off ered confl ict-ing world views. Th is article combines an analysis of the translations and circulation of Modern Slavery in Spain and Latin America with the study of the new meanings of the concept people.

Frente a la costa oriental de Asia, se encuentra un archipiélago de islas de naturaleza volcánica, hoy llamado Japón. Mitológicamente, estas islas emergieron (õyashima) de la pasión de los dioses primordiales del sintoísmo, Izanami (potencia femenina) e Izanagi (potencia masculina) [1]. Sus cuatro islas principales de Norte a Sur son: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku y Kyushu. La mayor parte del terreno en estas islas es de carácter montañoso, con valles espectacularmente fértiles, de incontables ríos y tierras de labranza En la visión Zen, secta budista de amplia influencia en Japón desde el siglo XIII, el denominado nihon teien? (Jardín Japonés) refleja en su estructura de belleza simple (nacida de aquellos trazos de tinta negra sobre seda blanca de la pintura sumi-e) la topografía y la geografía del collar de islas de Japón dentro del Mar Interior de Seto. Esta belleza placida, solemne, que invita la meditación… El siluro mítico, Namazu, habitante de las profundidades marinas niponas y sobre cuya espalda descansa todo el archipiélago japonés, se mueve de forma caprichosa provocando terremotos cuando su jinete, el dios Kashima Daimiojin, deja de presionar sobre la roca Kaname-ishi que yace sobre la espalda de la bestia..

The present research proposes to outline the particularities of the urbanistic elements and the characteristics of the symbolic spaces, revealing the main stages scored by Karlovy Vary in its evolution from the foundation up to our times: 1. The gothic and the Renaissance Carlsbad; 2. The Baroque Carlsbad; 3. The classicist, Rococo, Empire and Art Nouveau Carlsbad; 4. The socialist Carlsbad; 5. The 21st-century Karlovy Vary. In spite of the documentary and the visual limited information that do not allow an exhaustive reconstitution of the gothic and of the Renaissance elements, the period between the 14th and the 16th centuries has proved its relevance through the configuration and the structure given to the town that have been preserved up to present; this aspect is showed by the completion and the decoration of the most important monuments as well as by the raise of numerous public and private buildings. The town’s reconstruction initiated at the beginning of the 17th century marks also the beginning of the second phase in Carlsbad’s development, we mean the Baroque period. The real boom has been scored during the 18th century, when Carlsbad has benefited in its economic reconfiguration from the Habsburg aid; in fact, the town has been in favour of the Court of Vienna since the emperor Josef I has decided to reconfirm the privileged status given to the town by Charles IV and also since the empress Maria Theresa has provided subsidies with the purpose of stimulating the town’s economic, cultural and architectural development. The 19th century represents the most important phase in the town’s architectural evolution; the fundamental task has consisted of realising the equipment and the services instrumental for a town with a raising population: the drainage, the water system, the illumination, the public transport, the schools, the hospitals, the markets as well as the parks. The First World War has meant for Carlsbad’s history the beginning of a long crisis, the end of the ,,golden epoch” associated to the spirit of the Habsburg House and the difficult development of the new state, the Czechoslovakia Republic. The Second World War has deepened the Karlovy Vary’s economic decay because of the limitation of the thermal activity and of the transformation of the balneary buildings in military hospitals. The period after the Second World War (1945) and the institution of the communist regime (1948) has coincided also to the fourth period in the history of the balneary resort, the socialist phase, whose major characteristic would be represented by the ,,brick architecture”. ,,The velvet revolutions” and the decline of the communist regime have determined that the small balneary resort from the Ore Mountains should enter a new period of development with a strong accent on tourism through valorising the historical and cultural dimension and the town’s balneary tradition. The interest for promoting and consolidating the urban identity is demonstrated by appreciating the historical and cultural heritage, but also by conserving and restoring the old monuments. At the beginning of the 21st century, Karlovy Vary remains one of the favourite European destinations in what regards the thermal experiences, but at the same time, a popular host of the International Film Festival and of numerous sport events.

Garp Ocakları, Osmanlı Devleti’nin XVI. ve XX. Yüzyıl boyunca Cezayir, Tunus ve Trablusgarp eyaletleri
için kullandığı bir terimdir. Osmanlılar ilk defa Türk denizcisi Oruç Reis sayesinde 1516 yılında
Cezayir’e girerken daha sonra 1551 yılında Trablusgarp’ı 1574 yılında ise Tunus’u topraklarının bir
parçası haline getirdi. Bu fetihlerden sonra Cezayir 1516-1830, Trablusgarp 1551-1912 ve Tunus ise
1574-1881 yılları arasında Osmanlı hâkimiyetinde kaldı. Garp Ocakları’nın en önemli askeri gücü
donanmalarıydı. Denizcilikte Akdeniz havzasında söz sahibi olan bu Ocakların Osmanlı Devleti’nin
kontrolüne geçmesi devletin uzun yıllar yeterli düzeye gelemeyen deniz gücüne de güç katmış oluyordu.
Osmanlılar bu bölgede genel olarak yarı bağımsız bir yapı kurarak bu Garp Ocakları’nı yönetmişti.
Buraya atadığı vali veya beylerbeyi sultana bağlı olmakla birlikte bağımsız da hareket edebiliyordu.
Ancak Osmanlı sultanının hükmü diğer eyaletlerde olduğu gibi Garp Ocaklarında da her zaman geçerli
idi. Hutbe sultanın adına okunur para da onun namı ile basılırdı. Garp Ocakları’nın en önemli geçim
kaynağı ise korsanlık ve deniz ticaretiydi. Özellikle Akdeniz havzasında yapmış oldukları korsanlık
faaliyetleri en önemli gelir kaynaklarını oluşturmaktaydı. Lakin bu durum zamanla Osmanlı Devleti
ile Akdeniz’de deniz ticareti yapan diğer devletler arasında sorun olmaya başlamıştır. Bu çerçevede
Akdeniz ticaretinin güvenliği için yapılan uluslararası antlaşmalara Garp Ocakları’nın kimi zaman
riayet etmemesi ise Osmanlı Devleti’ni zamanla zor durumda bırakmıştır

To cite:
Wilkins, A. 2017. Creating expert publics: A governmentality approach to school governance under neo-liberalism.  In S. Courtney, R. McGinity and H. Gunter (eds) Educational leadership: professional practice in neoliberal times. Routledge: London and New York, pp. 97-110

In this chapter I demonstrate the analytical power of a ‘governmentality’ approach (Burchell, Gordon and Miller 1991; Barry, Osborne and Rose 1996; Dean 1999) as an appropriate theoretical strategy for explaining some of the conditions and effects of recent education reforms in England, specifically reforms intended to transform the culture and organisation of ‘school governance’ through techniques of professionalisation and an appeal to neutral expert administration.  This includes a focus on the different tactics and calculations employed by governments to rescale the local and bring the gaze of government to bear more closely upon the work of governors and those they are expected to watch over, namely senior school leaders.  The application and utility of a governmentality approach is evidenced using data collected through a recently completed three-year research project funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (Grant Ref. ES/K001299/1, 2012-2015).  Data is taken from this project to detail the everyday work of governors and ‘the new technical professionalism’ (Ball, Maguire and Braun 2012: 523) encasing such work and its relationship to more encompassing forms of state power or statecraft.

Как преподавание традиционной истории в школе зомбирует детей, или о наиболее желаемом стратегическом векторе усилий альтернативистов, или представителей российской междисциплинарной школы Аббревиатуры: РМШ ◌̶ российская междисциплинарная школа исследования общественных процессов методами естественных наук 0 3 3 6 ТИ традиционная история Версия статьи 2012 года, с отдельными изменениями и поправками по сравнению с первоначальной версией 2006 года, вышедшей под названием "Хронология и психология", и с небольшой коррекцией в 2020 г. Давайте начнем с самого банального: с процессов поаспектного восприятия и обработки информации в человеческом мозге и формирования образа в нем. В зависимости от типа людей и их интереса к обрушивающемуся на них информационному потоку глубина восприятия различных элементов информации о том или ином объекте у разных людей различна. Различные характеристики, или параметры объекта, могут быть как измеримыми, так и неизмеримыми. Измеримые: те, для которых можно применить некий количественный параметр сравнения (глубина, толщина, длина, температура), и неизмеримые, для которых такой параметр подобрать нельзя (цвет, принадлежность к некой группе и т.д.). Нас интересует такой параметр, как интерес к глубине восприятия отдельных измеримых параметров этого информационного потока (неизмеримые параметры как-то интересуют чуть меньше: они в данном случае не могут служить помощниками в классификации). Увы, возможности мозга ограничены, поэтому всегда на глубоко рефлексивном возникает ощущение необходимости экономии пространства мозга. Поэтому наступает естественное разбиение всего информационного потока на отдельные его параметры (характеристики). При этом предпримем попытку следования хорошему примеру у известного швейцарского психиатра Карла Густава Юнга. Одних людей интересуют лишь качественные характеристики (в свете приведенных выше физических величин: глубокий-мелкий, толстый-тонкий, длинный-короткий), а других-как качественные, так и количественные. Интерес к количественным характеристикам проиллюстрировать просто: если глубокий, толстый и длинный, то насколько, т.е. интересуют глубина, толщина и длина. Так вот, тех, кто интересуется как качественными, так и количественными характеристиками информационного потока, мы можем назвать людьми объективного типа личности, или объективиками, а тех, кого интересуют лишь качественные-людьми субъективного типа личности, или субъективиками. Что касается формирования образа, то субъективиков интересуют преимущественно качественные характеристики объекта, и при этом на неизмеримые характеристики тоже обращается должное внимание. Что касается объективиков, то их интересуют как качественные, так и количественные характеристики. При этом

Makalah ini berusaha menonjolkan proses dinamika tradisi intelektual
Melayu-Islam dalam menangani persoalan kehidupan. Sumber analisis adalah
terdiri daripada pepatah petitih dan pengamatan terhadap realiti kehidupan
Melayu-Islam zaman silam dan kontemporari. Dibahaskan bahawa tradisi
intelektual Melayu-Islam mengalami dinamika yang berbeza sama sekali
daripada tradisi intelektual Barat. Sementara tradisi intelektual Barat berkembang
dalam paradigme Sekularisme, tradisi intelektual Melayu-Islam pula bertitiktolak
daripada pengamatan mendalam terhadap alam yang kemudiannya disaring
oleh penghayatan berteraskan wahyu (al-Qur’an dan al-Hadis). Hasil saringan itu
diungkapkan dalam bentuk metafora yang disebut pepatah petitih itu. Berlandaskan
paradigme inilah berlakunya saintifi kisme dalam peradaban Melayu-Islam.
Ini membawa natijah yang berbeza daripada dua Barat. Sementara dinamisme
intelektual Barat membawa kerosakan, dinamisme intelektual Melayu-Islam pula
membawa kebaikan, baik kepada manusia mahupun alam.

Christianity is a religion of signs. Early Christians indeed believed that God could puncture the barriers between heaven and earth to reveal his will through visual messaging. Little wonder then that sacred books for these believers were objects comprised of more than just mundane words on a page, but divinely inspired entities —where the designer could deploy graphic symbols, letters, gems and even texture and colours to imbue the text with deeper spiritual meaning—which, if interpreted properly, offered the 'reader' a precious taste of the sacred plane. Yet, as the editors of this volume argue, modern scholars tend to ignore 'the visual nature of writing even in lavishly decorated late antique and medieval books, preferring to " look through " writing to the meaning it contains' (p. 2). Seeking, to counter this 'logocentrism', the fourteen inspiring chapters examine the symbolic meanings of ornament from a variety of methodological angles and theoretical perspectives to decipher the 'rafts of underlying meaning' (p. 3) in this graphicacy over a wide-spectrum of late antique and medieval cultures.

Лидеры партии большевиков в своих публичных речах и выступлениях неоднократно заявляли, что революция 1917 года была совершена с целью построения нового справедливого общества. Для достижения этой  цели революционеры, руководствуясь социалистическими идеалами о государственном устройстве, целенаправленно воздействовали на общественные структуры, стремились их реорганизовать. Партийные идеологи понимали, что «рождение» нового советского человека возможно лишь при изменении жизненного уклада социума, его ценностных ориентиров и повседневных практик. Для этого обществу необходимо было усвоить комплекс новых общественно-политических и морально-нравственных идеалов. По мнению Л. Троцкого, для того, чтобы люди восприняли политические лозунги и партийные директивы как нечто свое, они должны были подойти к ним по ступеням повседневного опыта. Ключевая роль в этом процессе принадлежала клубам для рабочих . Целью данной работы является исследование функционирования клубов для рабочих города Харькова в 1920-е годы как ретранслятора властных идеологем. Выбор объекта исследования обусловлен тем, что Харьков, столица Советской Украины, на протяжении 1920-х годов имел имидж прогрессивного советского города, в котором с наибольшей полнотой были воплощены многие из идей социалистических преобразований

Cities are built over the remnants of their past buried beneath their present. We build on what has been built before, whether over foundations formalising previous permanency or over the temporal occupations of ground. But what happens when you shift a city – when you dislodge its occupation of ground towards a new ground, bury it and forget it? Focusing on Berlin's destruction during World War II and its reconstruction after the end of the war, this book offers a rethinking of how the practices of destruction and burial combine to reform the city through geography and how burying a city is intricately tied to forgetting destruction, ruination and trauma. Created from 25 million cubic metres of rubble produced during World War II, Teufelsberg (Devil's Mountain) is the exemplar of the destroyed city. Its critical journey is chronicled in combination with Berlin's seven other rubble hills, and their connections to constructing forgetting through burial. Furthermore, the book investigates Berlin's sublime relation to Albert Speer's urban vision to rival the ancient cities of Rome and Athens through their now shared geographies of seven hills. Finally, there is a central focus on the role of the citizens who cleared Berlin's streets of rubble, and the subsequent human relationships between people and ruins.

RapGenius, Projeto Língua Franca, e a Lusofonia Como eu cheguei ao projeto? Já há alguns anos, participo de uma comunidade chamada Genius Brasil, a qual é um braço latino-americano da rede social Genius e eu acho que preciso falar sobre isso, porque acredito que que estas sejam informações úteis para quem está interessado em desenvolver uma pesquisa séria sobre o cenário RAP dentro desse universo virtual. No link about dessa galera, os autores apontam que esta " companhía de mídia " foi fundada em 2009, quanto teve seu início como uma plataforma para criar anotações em " letras inteligentes de RAP (" annotating clever rap lyrics "), sob a denominação original de RAP GENIUS. Além disso, houve uma expansão para outras formas de conteúdo sem, entretanto, perderem esse aspecto (o qual eu considero o mais interessante) que é a possibilidade de realizar anotações em trechos de músicas e inserir informações acerca de artistas. Apesar de ser tentador compará-la com o formato Wikia, a plataforma conta com uma interface direferente, que permite a catalogação de CONTAS VERIFICADAS, ou seja, têm a participação direta dos próprios artistas em seus profiles. Desde 2009 até hoje, essa galera ganhou força e se expandiu para uma comunidade de mais de 2 milhões de contribuidores, editores e músicos que acessam estes espaços para discutir e descontruir seus trabalho junto com fãs de todo o mundo. " Every song has a story that needs to be told " Eu só fui entrar em contato com tudo isso há uns 3 anos e conversei com o pessoal do Genius Brasil, que gerenciam um profile " verificado " pela Genius e realizam contribuições para o crescimento deste espaço de reflexão e comunicação, sobre as letras do RAP Brasileiro. Neste (não)lugar está disponível, inclusive, uma lista de artistas verificados por essa galera, que conta com a presença de artistas ja renomados e experientes como Black Alien, Emicida, Kamau, Rashid, McMarechal, Rincon Sapiência e Síntese e outros jovens que estão a ganhar espaço no cenário da cultura HipHop, como a rapazeada do Costa Gold, Kafé e Marcello Gugu. Pois é, foi por meio do Genius Brasil, que tive contato com o Projeto Língua Franca, lançado em março deste ano, o qual reuniu as rimas e poesias de Emicida, Rael com contribuições dos artistas portugueses Valete e Capicua sob a direção executiva de Evandro Fióti (irmão e produtor do Emicida) e produção musical de Fred Ferreira, NAVE Beatz e Kassin. Por fim, o lançamento do álbum ficou sob responsabilidade da Sony. Lusofonia e História O termo lusofonia se refere ao conjunto de países que têm o português como língua oficial ou dominante e abrange uma série de países espalhados pela Europa, África, Ásia e, inclusive, Oceania. São eles: Brasil, Moçambique, Angola, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, São Tomé e Príncipe Goa, Damão, Macau e Timor. Muita gente costuma esquecer mas, durante os século XV e XVI, Portugal foi capaz de constituir o maior império colonial da época junto com a Espanha, quando uma série de conquistas garantiu o controle de territórios por todo o mundo, através das Grandes Navegações. Tudo isso teve início com a conquista de Ceuta (autal Marrocos), em 1415 e faz parte de um centenário

This paper explores the extent to which Antonio Gramsci's compiled writings on hegemony, known as the Prison Notebooks, depict the recent uprisings and revolutions transpiring in the Middle East. These events are notably referred to as the Arab Upheaval or Arab Spring. In particular, Gramsci argues that revolution in capitalistic societies first require a social transformation in consciousness from "common sense" to "good sense." To determine if such a theory is applicable to the Arab Upheaval, this paper will first corroborate Gramsci's theoretical framework on hegemony, and then a subsequent framework on the concept of revolution. This paper will then discuss the historical conditions that fostered the Arab Upheaval by first addressing globalization and its establishment of an international, hegemonic system. This will be followed by a keen analysis of contributing factors in the 16th century, up until months before the Upheaval itself, with the intention of assessing societal consciousness and its invariable impact on such a system. Indeed, individual uprisings in the Arab world share common narratives and themes of oppression, hegemony, coercion, authoritarianism, subjugation, exploitation, and the like. Furthermore, in the months preceding the Arab Upheaval, there was a bdulkader | 1

Vivemos em redes e a todo momento recebemos e trocamos informações. Transferências, assimilações e dispersões de traços culturais estão atrelados ao espaço-tempo em que vivemos. Embasados nesses preceitos o presente artigo explana sobre a criação do futuro Museu do Assentado em Rosana/SP, bem como as dimensões que estruturam o patrimônio material e imaterial do museu e, em especial, inicia-se as discussões sobre o papel dos diferentes territórios relacionados à origem e a trajetória de vida da comunidade estudada no processo de formação cultural de seus indivíduos, e assim, ressaltar a relevância desses territórios para a constituição do futuro Museu. Para atingir tais objetivos, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória em livros, artigos e sites que abordassem sobre a temática proposta e, além disso, utilizou-se trechos de entrevistas realizadas, por meio da metodologia da história oral, com assentadas. Assim tornou-se possível entender as bases para criação do futuro Museu do Assentado e, os diferentes traços culturais que configuram essa comunidade migrante.

The mid-fifteenth century innovation of making books in multiple copies with movable type, the Gutenberg revolution, introduced a radically new technology.  Though the mechanical aspect of book production experienced a revolution, it did not change the physical aspect of the object.  A book looked the same and was read in the same way before and after Gutenberg; there was no way to distinguish a manuscript from a printed text unless you opened it.