Holy Grail

The Holy Grail is thought to be the cup Jesus drank from at the Last Supper, but this is just one of a number of metaphors for what is the greatest mystery of the last 800 years. The most significant of the Grail romances is " Parzival, " written between 1195 and 1216. By examining the unique symbolism in this work by Wolfram von Eschenbach, one may come to a solution of the mystery of the Grail. It is the opinion of the author that the secret veiled behind the symbolism is related to an astronomical phenomenon involving the Divine Ratio and mystically connected to the genesis of life on Earth. This may be the first time this particular solution to the mystery of the Grail has ever been published. Résumé On nomme « Saint Graal » la coupe d'où Jésus a bu lors de la dernière Cène, mais il ne s'agit là que d'une parmi les nombreuses métaphores se référant au plus grand mystère des huit-cents dernières années. Le roman du Graal le plus important est «Parzival», écrit par Wolfram von Eschenbach entre 1195 et 1216. Douglas J. Meyer pense qu'en examinant l'extraordinaire symbolisme contenu dans cette oeuvre, nous pouvons parvenir à une solution du mystère du Graal, et que le secret voilé derrière ce symbolisme se réfère à un phénomène astronomique conforme à la Divine Proportion et relié mystiquement à l'apparition de la Vie sur la Terre. C'est sans doute la première fois que cette explication particulière du mystère du Graal est publiée.

El tema del doble ha sido uno de los mitos más recurrentes en la literatura y el cine contemporáneos desde su aparición en el siglo XIX unido al género fantástico. Paralelamente, el ciclo artúrico fue incorporado a la postmodernidad con el poema “La tierra baldía” (1922) de T. S. Eliot. Esta obra determinó la visión postmoderna del mito artúrico de la búsqueda del Santo Grial, reflejada por el cine contemporáneo, con ejemplos notables como “Excalibur” (1981), “Indiana Jones y la última Cruzada” (1989) o “El rey pescador” (1991). En la presente comunicación nos proponemos analizar el distinto tratamiento del tema del doble dentro del mito artúrico en su doble vertiente luminosa/sombría.

The absence of a comprehensive, universal and legally binding definition of terrorism has characterized the international terrorism discourse for decades. Scholarship on the interplay between states, discourse, and power in shaping this dilemma has been largely absent. This project attempts to sociologically examine this theoretical relationship by primarily looking at the role of the state in producing, framing, and otherwise manipulating the definition of terrorism, and consequently, the global terrorism discourse within the United Nations. Applying the sociological concepts of states, discourse, and power, while drawing on the theoretical lens of Bob Jessop’s (1990) strategic-relational approach to examining states, this study assesses the strategic political processes engaged in by UN member-states over the last two decades to define and frame the discourse of terrorism. At the very core of the political impasse to define terrorism is a confluence of three tightly linked factors...