History of Children's Magazines

(Author's pre-review version of a manuscript published in Media International Australia, 150, 66-71. It may differ slightly from the published version). The history of children’s popular culture in Australia is still to be written. This article examines Australian print publication for children from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth centuries, together with radio and children’s television programming from the 1950s to the 1970s. It presents new scholarship on the history of children’s magazines and newspapers, sourced from digital archives such as Trove, and documents new sources for early works by Australian children’s writers. The discussion covers early television production for children, mobilising digital resources that have hitherto not informed scholarship in the field.

Fondato nel 1881 da Ferdinando Martini, Il Giornale per i Bambini fu un punto di svolta nel campo della pubblicistica per l’infanzia italiana. Tramite una capillare indagine d’archivio il volume ricostruisce la storia del periodico e la sua vivace vita redazionale sullo sfondo dei vari avvicendamenti alla direzione (da Ferdinando Martini con Guido Biagi a Carlo Lorenzini a Emma Perodi), tratteggiando caratteri e innovazioni che lo resero a lungo modello imprescindibile e punto di riferimento nella stampa per la gioventù.

Çocuk dergiciliğinin ortaya çıkışı, basın tarihçesi içerisinde ele alınabilir. Genel olarak
"basın" kavramıyla ifade edilen kitle iletişim araçlarının, insanlar arasında bilgi akışını ,
(Information) düşüncenin, yorumların ve fikirlerin toplum içerisinde dolaşımını sağlamak
gibi temel işlevleri bulunmaktadır. Bu temel işlevlerin yanında basının, insanları eğitmek
ve eğlendirmek, bireysel ve toplumsal sorunlara ilgi çekmek, yaşam koşullarının
iyileştirilme çabalarına katkıda bulunmak gibi yararlarından da söz edilebilir. Kitle
iletişim araçları, toplumsal yaşamın belirli alanlarında olduğu gibi, eğitim alanında da çok
önemli bir işleve sahiptir.

In the study, the roles of “Republican generation”, “Republican girl/boy” and “future citizen” drawn in child magazines within the framework of the gender policies of the early republican period power are analyzed. The main research problem of this study is to reveal the dimensions of the reflections of the gender roles drawn in the axis of the ideals of the new Republic in the child magazines where modern educational approaches are advocated. Child magazines published between 1923-1928 are examined in the axis of themes such as masculinity / paternity / heroism / soldiership / Turkishness and femininity / ideal wife / motherhood / good child / Turkishness. In this study, the roles assigned to children by social engineering in child magazines within the framework of the ideal and mentality of the political power of the period will be examined in the context of gender. In this study, in which qualitative content analysis will be carried out based on the historical sociology approach, Bizim Mecmua (1923-1927), Resimli Dünya (1924-1925), Sevimli Mecmua (1925), Çocuk Dünyası (1926-1927), Gürbüz Türk Çocuğu (1926-1928), Çocuk Sesi (1928) magazines are analyzed.

The perceived innocence and vulnerability of children has been a dominant theme in modern conceptualizations of childhood, particularly in the aftermath of the Second World War. A growing number of studies suggest however that a notion of children as capable of violent or even lethal conduct has not altogether vanished from post-World War II public discourse in Western Europe and North America, or indeed elsewhere in the world. China of the “Cultural Revolution’” period (1966–1976) is an illustrative case. The present article examines the portrayal of children as violent actors and the discursive militarization of Chinese childhood in PRC magazines of the late 1960s to the mid-1970s. It seeks to highlight the gendered aspects of the “belligerent child” trope in Chinese children’s media, while noting the distinctive depictions of militant boys and militant girls in the latter part of the Cultural Revolution period. These findings attest to the ambiguous nature of Chinese thinking about children and their capacities in the late Maoist period. They cast doubt on the frequently made argument that Cultural Revolution works produced the overall effect of “gender erasure” or, alternatively, of the extensive “masculinization” of Chinese women and girls. They further highlight the importance of critically examining how the different meanings of “being a girl” were produced, circulated, and, in turn, deployed in public discussions on national collectivity and political conflict in Maoist-era China.

"This edited volume stems from the necessity of reconstructing the history of the children’s socialist and communist periodical press of the late 19th and the early 20th century in Italy; in fact, this topic has thus far been investigated with some continuity only by a few scholars, and their analysis has been limited to the children’s communist periodicals published after World War II, completely ignoring the many previous socialist magazines. The present work attempts to fill this gap, providing an exhaustive description of that period, from the first gift-books of the late 19th century (Figli del Popolo and Strenna Minima Socialista), the one-off publications of the early 20th century (I Maggio dei Fanciulli and Alba di Maggio) and the illustrated magazines of the pre-fascist (Il Germoglio, Cuore and Il Fanciullo Proletario), to the better-known comic magazine edited by the Italian Pioneers Association (Il Pioniere), hugely popular among its readers, who still remember it with nostalgia.
This volume draws on the rich and largely unique archival heritage
preserved in the institutes and documentation centers specialized in the history and memory of the Italian workers’ movement. It is also an important contribution to the wider international debate on the emergence of “politicized childhood” during the 20th century, which is becoming more and more intense."

Среди многочисленных и, как правило, утопических идей, которыми фонтанировала послереволюционная школьная педагогика вплоть до начала 1930-х гг., было издание журналов-учебников. Это явление, яркое и чрезвычайно показательное в контексте эпохи, до сих пор остается на периферии научного знания. Причины тому кроются, с одной стороны, в краткосрочном и экспериментальном характере этого проекта в истории советской школы и учебных книг, о котором быстро забыли. С другой стороны-в гибридной природе этих изданий: занимая промежуточное положение между учебным пособием и периодическим изданием, журналы-учебники оказались равно маргинальным предметом как для исследователей школьных учебников, так и для историков детской журналистики-в тех редких случаях, когда о них вообще знали. В статье рассматривается история появления и функционирования журналов-учебников в начале 1930-х гг.

Zmaj was one of the most important children’s magazines published in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Suggestive illustrations and the power of discourse made it one of the first mandatory school magazines. Texts published in Zmaj indicate the need to socialize youngest members according to the ideals and principles of Socialism and the Non-Aligned movement as a group of countries who did not want to be aligned with any major power block. During the Cold War, a group of countries rejected to formally align themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union, but to stay neutral. The main initiative to create this movement came from Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito. The aim of this paper is to: 1. Stress the political and cultural function of Zmaj in the process of socialization; 2. Reconsider the link between Yugoslav policy of Non-Alignment and upbringing, pointing out the importance of three elements of Non-Aligned policy as the most important values included in socialization – struggle for peace, anti-colonialism, right to independent judgment and decisions, anti-imperialism, and regional development through reconstruction of the international political and economic order; 3. To highlight some of the consequences of the idea that political socialization is enduring over the adults life time.
Keywords: Political socialization, Childhood, Zmaj, Yugoslavia, Non-Aligned.

A significant increase is seen in the number of children's magazines in the 1930s in Turkey.
The first reason for this is the reform process in language and education after the Alphabet
Revolution in 1928. The second is the effort, following the foundation of the Republic, to
raise young generations that are well-matched with the new regime. One way to reach the new
generation has been education, another way has been periodicals. In this context, the aim of
this study is to examine the gender perception in children's periodicals that served the purpose
of the regime in the 1930s, taking into account the political conjuncture of the period. As a
matter of fact, the young generations of the Republic were expected to contribute to the
construction of modern tomorrows and to represent the values of the Republic. In this context,
eleven children's magazines published in the 1930s – that are available in the archives - were
analysed through qualitative content analysis within the scope of this study. The contents of
the magazines have been discussed in terms of common themes. As a result of the study, it
was determined that although the magazines have different publishing policies, they generally
display an unequal stance in terms of gender, address boys as their target audience, and
include girls with traditional roles of femininity and sometimes with a marginalizing
representation.

This essay excavates the toy magic lantern's largely overlooked significance in the late nineteenth century and explores the toy's role in cultivating children as media spectators. Domestic shows with toy lanterns allowed children to perform as curators, showmen, and audience members. This play naturalized such home entertainment as a commodifiable experience. Promotion of toy lanterns in the periodical The Youth's Companion from the 1880s to 1900s demonstrates the toy's function as an early children's home entertainment medium that has historically been overlooked in favor of analyses of the lantern as a mass medium in institutional contexts.