Formal System

Along with the emergence of problems in formal education, such as: inflexible time and teaching and learning process, gave rise to a new innovation of non-formal education programs. However, non-formal education often faces problems in increasing its existence. therefore, this study aims to explore leadership strategies in increasing the existence of non-formal schools. This research was conducted at Sanggar Anak Alam (SALAM) with qualitative methods, and collecting techniques through interviews and observations. SALAM has a significant development, proven by getting an award from America in 1991. It also has several strategies to increase its existence, including: conducting regular parent gatherings, conducting discussions, holding legion and public market programs, and making books.

Along with the emergence of problems in formal education, such as: inflexible time and teaching and learning process, gave rise to a new innovation of non-formal education programs. However, non-formal education often faces problems in increasing its existence. therefore, this study aims to explore leadership strategies in increasing the existence of non-formal schools. This research was conducted at Sanggar Anak Alam (SALAM) with qualitative methods, and collecting techniques through interviews and observations. SALAM has a significant development, proven by getting an award from America in 1991. It also has several strategies to increase its existence, including: conducting regular parent gatherings, conducting discussions, holding legion and public market programs, and making books.

One of the regions that received the Regional Innovation award in a Productive and Safe New Normal Order for COVID-19 was Central Java Province through the policy of the Jogo Tonggo Task Force. Based on several previous research results related to policy evaluation, it is seen that this policy is still ineffective in suppressing the spread of COVID-19 because each region has different social capital and complexity of implementing policies. This article aims to formulate a conceptual framework for policy implementation based on the Synthesis Model for the Jogo Tonggo policy. This article uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The result of this research is the conceptual framework for implementing the Jogo Tonggo policy with the Hybrid Model approach. That approach analyzes what is obtained and what is done by the policy implementer and the interaction between human resources, policy factors, and the place where the policy is implemented. This research is importa...

Along with the emergence of problems in formal education, such as: inflexible time and teaching and learning process, gave rise to a new innovation of non-formal education programs. However, non-formal education often faces problems in increasing its existence. therefore, this study aims to explore leadership strategies in increasing the existence of non-formal schools. This research was conducted at Sanggar Anak Alam (SALAM) with qualitative methods, and collecting techniques through interviews and observations. SALAM has a significant development, proven by getting an award from America in 1991. It also has several strategies to increase its existence, including: conducting regular parent gatherings, conducting discussions, holding legion and public market programs, and making books.

Jogo Tonggo - a social activity from, by, and for the community based on local wisdom, is initiated by the Central Java Provincial Government to anticipate the negative implications of COVID-19 on the health, social and economic sectors. However, in practice, the role of formal key figures (Babinsa, Babinkamtibmas, and Village Midwives) and non-formal (RT/RW) in the context of social capital is a determining factor for the success of the implementation of Jogo Tonggo. The study's objective is to analyse the determinants that influence the success of the implementation of Jogo Tonggo in tackling the impact of the spread of COVID-19 on the health, social, and economic sectors of the community. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with respondents consisting of key formal figures (Babinsa, Babinkamtibmas, Village Midwives), non-formal (RT/RW), and people exposed to COVID-19. Secondary data is obtained from BPS, related ministries and institutions, and the results of...

Along with the emergence of problems in formal education, such as: inflexible time and teaching and learning process, gave rise to a new innovation of non-formal education programs. However, non-formal education often faces problems in increasing its existence. therefore, this study aims to explore leadership strategies in increasing the existence of non-formal schools. This research was conducted at Sanggar Anak Alam (SALAM) with qualitative methods, and collecting techniques through interviews and observations. SALAM has a significant development, proven by getting an award from America in 1991. It also has several strategies to increase its existence, including: conducting regular parent gatherings, conducting discussions, holding legion and public market programs, and making books.

Jogo Tonggo - a social activity from, by, and for the community based on local wisdom, is initiated by the Central Java Provincial Government to anticipate the negative implications of COVID-19 on the health, social and economic sectors. However, in practice, the role of formal key figures (Babinsa, Babinkamtibmas, and Village Midwives) and non-formal (RT/RW) in the context of social capital is a determining factor for the success of the implementation of Jogo Tonggo. The study's objective is to analyse the determinants that influence the success of the implementation of Jogo Tonggo in tackling the impact of the spread of COVID-19 on the health, social, and economic sectors of the community. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with respondents consisting of key formal figures (Babinsa, Babinkamtibmas, Village Midwives), non-formal (RT/RW), and people exposed to COVID-19. Secondary data is obtained from BPS, related ministries and institutions, and the results of...

Along with the emergence of problems in formal education, such as: inflexible time and teaching and learning process, gave rise to a new innovation of non-formal education programs. However, non-formal education often faces problems in increasing its existence. therefore, this study aims to explore leadership strategies in increasing the existence of non-formal schools. This research was conducted at Sanggar Anak Alam (SALAM) with qualitative methods, and collecting techniques through interviews and observations. SALAM has a significant development, proven by getting an award from America in 1991. It also has several strategies to increase its existence, including: conducting regular parent gatherings, conducting discussions, holding legion and public market programs, and making books.

Along with the emergence of problems in formal education, such as: inflexible time and teaching and learning process, gave rise to a new innovation of non-formal education programs. However, non-formal education often faces problems in increasing its existence. therefore, this study aims to explore leadership strategies in increasing the existence of non-formal schools. This research was conducted at Sanggar Anak Alam (SALAM) with qualitative methods, and collecting techniques through interviews and observations. SALAM has a significant development, proven by getting an award from America in 1991. It also has several strategies to increase its existence, including: conducting regular parent gatherings, conducting discussions, holding legion and public market programs, and making books.

Jogo Tonggo - a social activity from, by, and for the community based on local wisdom, is initiated by the Central Java Provincial Government to anticipate the negative implications of COVID-19 on the health, social and economic sectors. However, in practice, the role of formal key figures (Babinsa, Babinkamtibmas, and Village Midwives) and non-formal (RT/RW) in the context of social capital is a determining factor for the success of the implementation of Jogo Tonggo. The study's objective is to analyse the determinants that influence the success of the implementation of Jogo Tonggo in tackling the impact of the spread of COVID-19 on the health, social, and economic sectors of the community. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with respondents consisting of key formal figures (Babinsa, Babinkamtibmas, Village Midwives), non-formal (RT/RW), and people exposed to COVID-19. Secondary data is obtained from BPS, related ministries and institutions, and the results of...

Formal education is provided for a segment (children and adolescents) of the society. While workers in the formal sector enjoy professional and continuing education; those in the informal and non-formal sectors of the economy do not have any opportunity of taking part in any form of adult education. Many artisans, professionals and artists display dexterity in their various callings. This act of display may sometimes refer to as tacit knowledge, that is, knowledge that may be difficult to codify except through training of adult learners.  If this group of people is not catered for in terms of adult learning, it may be difficult for them to make contributions to economic growth in the society. Therefore, the study entitled “Framework for Codification of Informal and Non-Formal Knowledge and Skills in the Formal Education System in Nigeria” is embarked upon. The purpose of the study is to identify and discuss framework for codification of knowledge and skills in the informal and non-f...

Contemporary approaches to market-oriented agricultural development focus on increasing production and economic efficiency to improve livelihoods and well-being. For seed system development, this has meant a focus on seed value chains predicated on standardized economic transactions and improved variety seeds. Building formal seed systems requires establishing and strengthening social institutions that reflect the market-oriented values of efficiency and standardization, institutions that often do not currently exist in many local and informal seed systems. This paper describes and analyzes efforts to develop formal seed systems in Sahelian West Africa over the past 10 years, and identifies the impacts for farmers of the social institutions that constitute formal seed systems. Using qualitative and spatial data and analysis, the paper characterizes farmers’ and communities’ experiences with seed access through the newly established formal seed system. The results demonstrate that th...

Contemporary approaches to market-oriented agricultural development focus on increasing production and economic efficiency to improve livelihoods and well-being. For seed system development, this has meant a focus on seed value chains predicated on standardized economic transactions and improved variety seeds. Building formal seed systems requires establishing and strengthening social institutions that reflect the market-oriented values of efficiency and standardization, institutions that often do not currently exist in many local and informal seed systems. This paper describes and analyzes efforts to develop formal seed systems in Sahelian West Africa over the past 10 years, and identifies the impacts for farmers of the social institutions that constitute formal seed systems. Using qualitative and spatial data and analysis, the paper characterizes farmers’ and communities’ experiences with seed access through the newly established formal seed system. The results demonstrate that th...

This article begins by exploring a lost topic in the philosophy of science:the properties of the relations evidence confirming h confirmsh' and, more generally, evidence confirming each ofh1, h2, ..., hmconfirms at least one of h1’, h2’,ldots;, hn'.The Bayesian understanding of confirmation as positive evidential relevanceis employed throughout. The resulting formal system is, to say the least, oddlybehaved. Some aspects of this odd behaviour the system has in common withsome of the non-classical logics developed in the twentieth century. Oneaspect – its ``parasitism'' on classical logic – it does not, and it is this featurethat makes the system an interesting focus for discussion of questions in thephilosophy of logic. We gain some purchase on an answer to a recently prominentquestion, namely, what is a logical system? More exactly, we ask whether satisfaction of formal constraints is sufficient for a relation to be considered a (logical) consequence relation. T...

espanolEl objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar los pasos dados por el gobierno de Indonesia para implementar diferentes politicas para su lucha contra el COVID-19. El gobierno de Indonesia ha tomado varias medidas, la mas pertinente fueron las Restricciones sociales a gran escala (PSBB), para reducir la propagacion de los casos de COVID-19. Este estudio utilizo un enfoque cualitativo como un estudio contextual que buscaba enfatizar el significado de un fenomeno en una situacion de pandemia de COVID-19. El proposito de la investigacion cualitativa era crear una imagen compleja. Los datos analizados se obtuvieron de diversas fuentes, incluida Internet, como los medios en linea y las redes sociales, y la literatura relacionada. Los datos se recopilaron utilizando Ncapture para la funcion Nvivo. El tiempo necesario para el analisis fue de marzo a mayo de 2020. Para realizar el analisis, este estudio tambien utilizo el software Nvivo 12 Plus. Esta investigacion revela que las ...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence the application of governance mechanism in family small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This study used multiple regression analysis to examine the hypothesis. For data collection, questionnaires were distributed to 337 owners and managers of SMEs around 7 districts in Java Island in Indonesia. Findings The result indicates that uncertainty influences the application of formal governance in family SMEs in Indonesia. Meanwhile, asset specificity has impact on both formal and relational governance in the context of firms. Financial and non-financial objectives did not impact both formal and relational governance. Research limitations/implications Though this research was carried out in a particular cultural context, this study was not specifically designed to examine the interaction between cultural variables and family corporate governance variables. In the future,...